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6} ื–ื˜ 8118016 ืฉ|ืก1ื•ืกื˜ื˜ 06ื”ืžืช 1085 161121ื”ืžื– ืคื•ื 1 


ืช00002110? 210166049 116114896 


ื 1 
ื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื• " 


ืฆ' 
58 
8 
5 
: 


ื ื–ืกืก. 14016ืก-10604100190ืื• 
1ื–0ืก.1116ื˜ืก-ื’ื•ืค100ื ืฅ//:ืคืงืŸื–ื–ื” 


00042008 6049(ืกื–? 116116496 36 1 0 


ื–ืกืŸ ืฅ501611 ืกื—ื–ื•ื—ืก 1066ื˜ืกื–ื˜ 15 01011601ื—ื– 1015 
ื–ืก 010ื– 60006โ€ 101ืก'ื–ืกื•ื–ื•ื•ื–ืกืก ื–ืกื™1 ืฅ|ื—ืก 56ื˜ 01ื—50ื–ืกืง 
ืกื—ื•ืฉืฉืก11ืกืŸ 406 01 ืคื• 0001006 10096ื˜ ,ืกืคื•ื• ื–ืกื—}ืก ืขื—ื 

:4405 0011ื–ืก 


ื ื–ืกืก. 16ื˜14ืก-10604100190ืื• 


00002600? 21016049 116114296 ืกื— 1' 0 


ืคื™ื˜ 087 


ื™ืข 
ื’ื  


)ื˜ื™ื˜ 


ืฉื–ื™ืžืœืื - 


ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจ'ืฉ-ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืฃ 
ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ = 
: 

ืึทืจื’ืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืšืฃ . - 
ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 1961 

: 

ืคืืจืœืื’ ;ืกืึทืฐืขื˜ืกืงื™ ืคึผื™ืกืื˜ืขืœ" 

ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข | 


ื | = ื“ืขืงืื‘ืขืจ ืืœ ื ื 
ืฉ ื , ื 


ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื• ืืจื™ ื™ืฉ ++ 06ื•ื˜. 5 


ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ- ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืคืกืค, ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ื™ื•ื 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืืฑื‘ืขืจ-ืกืึทืฐืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ, ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืจืื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ืฒื™, ืฆื•ื ืกืึธ" 
ื•ืฉื™ืฉ- ืฅืข ืœืขื™ื’ 2637 +/+ + ื ืฉื™ 2 
ืืฑืกืฆื•ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืงืœืืจืืฆื™ืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจ-ื™ 
ื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกืึทืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ . 
ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". 
ื’ืขืึธืจื’ื™ ืžืืจืงืึธืฐ. ืื™ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ืขืจื“! 
ื™ืขื’ืึธืจ ืื™ืกืื™ืขื•ืฐ. ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ 
(ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข); ืฐื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ ื˜ืขืœืคึผื•ื’ืึธืฐ. ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ; ืžื™ื›ืื™ึตืœ ืœืฐืึธืฐ. ืžืื™ื- 
ืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืื ื“ (ืœื™ื“ืขืจ). ืฐ ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ 
ื™ืขืจื™ืึธืžืขื ืงืึธ. ื ื‘ื•ืš: ื™ืขืฐื’ืขื ื™ ืฐื™ื ืึธืงืฑ 
ืจ ืึธ ื•ื•. ื“ื–ืฉืึธืจื“ืื ืึธ ื‘ืจื•ื ืึธ, ื“ื™ ื ืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ; 
ืฐื•ืืœืขืจื™ ืคึผืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืื™ืขืฐ. ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ; ืกืขืจื’ืฒ ื‘ืืจื•ื–ื“ื™ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืข- 
ื ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ื ืจืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ . + + + . * 
ื›ืื™ึดื ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“. ืื–ื™ ื’ืฒื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœื˜ (ืจืึธืžืืŸ. ืกืึธืฃ) 
ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขื ืข ืžืื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืŸ. ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ืžืืจืงื™ืฉ. ืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึธืขืžืข .ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข" . . + + + + * * + 6 . + 
ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืืœืคึผืขืจืŸ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸื™ื”ืื ืขืคืขืฉ (ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’) . 
ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื’ื™ืฆื™ืกื™ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ (ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’) + + + + + . . 
ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืึธืœื’ื™ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ืฐื•ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉื™ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื™ 
ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ;: ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ืึธืคึผืื˜ืึธืฉ. ื‘ืื’ืจื™- 
ืกื•ื ื’ืกื™ืจืขื“ืข ืืคืŸ ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก? . . . ื•ื˜ 
ืžื–ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜. ื‘. ืฉื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ. ื’ืฑืจืึธืœืขืก ืืคืŸ ืขืงืจืืŸ 
ืก. ืจืึธื–ืขื ื˜ืืœ. ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืŸ. ืœ. ื‘ ืขืจืข- 
ื–ืึธืฐืกืงืื™ื. ื ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื’ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื”ืืจืžืึธื ื™ืข: ืž. ื‘ ืขื ื’ืขืœืกื“ืึธ ืจืฃ 
ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžืฑื›ืขืจ-ืกืคืึธืจื™ืžืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš + + + . . 
ื•ืขื™ื˜2ืข2 ." ื™ื™ . * ืื™ ื 26 6.. * 6 56 
ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ,ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืคืืจืŸ 
ื™ื‘ ื™ื• . + + . 6 5:. ืื˜ 
ืจืขื–ื•ืžืข (ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ, ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ) .+ + + + + + *+ + 6 


100 
10 


10 


146 


158 


168 


ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜-ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึทืจ 
ื. ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก 


ืจืขื“ืงืึทืœืขื’ื™ืข: 


ื›. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ (ืฉื˜ืขืœืคืืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ื™ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึธืจ), 

ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ื˜. ื’ืขืŸ, 

ื ืึธื˜ืข ืœื•ืจื™ืข, ื‘. ืžืึธื’ื™ืœื ืขืจ, 
ื‘. ืžื™ืœืขืจ, ื›. ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“, 

ื”. ืคึผืึธืœื™ืื ืงืขืจ, 

ื™. ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ (ืคืืจืื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ), ื™. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœื™ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ืจ, ืคึผืจืขื•ื™ื“ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฑื‘ืขืจ-ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ, ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ-ืจืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ 


ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืื ื“, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื–ื™ื“ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฑื™ื‘ืขืจ-ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ-ืจืื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง, ืื– ื“ืขื 10 ื ืึธื™ืื‘ืขืจ 1982 8 ืื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ 20 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ืื™ื– ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขืžื“ื™ืง 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ-ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืคึผืกืค, ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืขื–ื™ื“ื™ึธื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ-ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•. 

ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืึธึฒื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•ืŸ --- ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืืš -- ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒื™ึทื˜. 


ืฐืขื ื’ื“ื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืค9ืกืค, 
ืคืจืขื–ื™ื“ื™ื•ื ืคื•ื ืขื ืืฑื™ื‘ืขืจ-ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ, 
ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ:ื“ืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™, 
ืฆื•ื ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง 


ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื! 

ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ืืฐืขืง ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืฒึทืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ืืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืœืืžื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืื˜ืจื™ืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืคืืจ ืฉืึธืœืขื, ืคืืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ื–ื, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืฒื™ื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•. 

ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคื™ืœืืจื˜ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœ. ืื™. ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื• ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื˜ืฒืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืขื˜ืืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ืŸ. 
ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข, ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืึธื›ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜, ื“ื™ ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืœื™ื ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืืฑืกืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืกืžืึธืก --- ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืฑื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ึทืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืจื•ืžืคื•ืœืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ืงืœืืก ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•. ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ 
ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ืžืขืกื™ืจืขืกื ืขืคืขืฉื“ื™ืง, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ื - 
ื˜ื™ืžืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ื“ืจืฒืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผื™ึทืขืœืงืฒึทื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืงืขืžืคื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื™ื“ืขืืœืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืžื™ื“ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืึธืกื˜ื ืก ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ-ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืคึผืกืค ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื–ื™ื“ื™ื•ื ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ-ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกืขืงืฐืขื ื˜ืข ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ืฉืข 
ื ืึธืจืžืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ื™ึทืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข-ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืืจืคื•ืœืงื•ืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื“ืขืžืึธืงืจืื˜ื™ืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืœื•ื’ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ---ืื™ืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง, ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ื ื“ื™ืง ื ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืกื˜ืข 
ืจืึธืœื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœ-ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื˜ืจืื˜ืขื’ื™ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืืคืŸ ืขื˜ืืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืืœื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืงื•ืจืก, ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœืฉื˜ืื ื“, ืื™ื ืขื ืฐื™ืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคืืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ-ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืื ื“. 

ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจ" 
ืžื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉื ืคืขืœืงืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืืจืขื ืข-- 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉืคึผืื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ืฐืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื, ืคื•ืŸ ืืฑืกืžืฒึทื“ืŸ ื ื ืฑ 
ืงืœืขืืจืข ืงืื˜ืืกื˜ืจืึธืคืข. ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืจืึธื’ ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืึท- 
ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืฉืืคื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉื ืคืขืœืงืขืจืœืข- 
ื›ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. 

ืงืึธืœื–ืžืืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉืก ื”ืืจืฅ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืกื™ื 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœืงืึธื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืึธืจื“ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ ืืจ" 
ื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ืœืขื›ืข, ืื•ืžืฆืขืจืฒึทืกื‘ืืจืข ืคืขื“ื™ื. ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ื" 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ึผืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืืฃ ืืœืข ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ึนืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ืคืืจืงืขืจืคึผืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื“ืฒื™ึดืฉืงืฒึทื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขืงืฐืขื ื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื–ื, ืคื•ื– ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ึทืึธื ืขืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ื–ื. 

ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืจืฑืขืจ. 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืคื•ืœืขืจ ืฉืึธ ื‘ืื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืืœืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธ- 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ื ืึธืš ืขื ื’ืขืจ ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืคึผืกืค. ืืจื•ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ืก-ืงืขืจืŸ, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ื’ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•. ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืงืึธืœืขืง" 


4 


ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืึฒืœื™- 
ื˜ื™ืง. ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื•ื˜: ื“ื™ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืœืฐืขืœื˜ืœืขืš-ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื ื™ืฆื›ื•ื™ื ืขืก,---ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืข ื”ืขื ื˜. 

ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฐืึธืคึผื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืืจื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธ- 
ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื•ืื--ื•ืฆืื ืฆื•ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืคึผืกืค. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืžืึธืคึผื ืฑื’ืœืขืš ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฃ ื•ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœืฅ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืืคืŸ ื™ืขืกืึธื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข, ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ืฐื•ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื ืขืจื•ื ื’ืก-ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจื˜ืฒื™ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฃ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ืืจืฑื™ืกืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืืœื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ื–ืึธืจื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ:ืงืœืืก, ื“ืขื 
ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืฑืขืจื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœ-ืคึผืึธืœื™- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ื™ึทืฉืข ืืฒื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื”ืืจื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืจืงืกื™ื–ื-ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ื–ื ืื•ึนืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืœืขื˜ืืจื™ืฉืŸ, ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื–ื, 

ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืฆื• ืฉืึธืœืขื. ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ 
ืฆื• ื ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคืืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืื•ืžื–ื™ื ื™ืง ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืขืœืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืจืฒึทื›ื˜ื™ืžืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืึธืœืขื--ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜- 
ืœื™ื ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื ืึธื‘ืขืœืข ืื™ื“ื™ื™ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื 
ืืฃ ื“ื™ 80-ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืŸ-ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข, 

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉื ืคืขืœืงืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ืืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฆื•ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื“ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืขืง- 
ื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ, ืืจืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืืฆื™ืข. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื•ื•ืืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื ื˜ืฉืœืึธืกื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงืขืžืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืœืขื. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืื– ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ื”ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ื•ืื ื˜ื™ื•ืจืขืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœืื ื“ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœืขืจ ืื’ืจืขืกืึธืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ: ืขืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ 
ืื™ื ืื•ืžืคืืจืžืฒึทื“ืœืขืš ื ืฆืขืฉืžืขื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ-ืงืœืืคึผ. 

ืึธื ืฉืคึผืืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืืจืฑื™ืกืฐืฒึทื–ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื•ื•ืื›ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ื ืงืฒึทื˜, ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื ืกืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผืŸ ืื  
ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฑื™ืกืขืจืš-ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืืงืฉืึธื ืขืกื“ื™ืง ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืคืืจ 
ื“ืขื, ืื– ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื ื•ืงืœืขืืจืขืจ ืžื™ืœ- 
ื›ืึธืžืข, ืคืืจ ืื ื˜ืฉืคึผืื ื•ื ื’, ืคืืจ ืื ื˜ืฐืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’. 

ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืืžืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ึฐืืœื™ื–ื, ื“ื™ ืงืขืž- 
ืคืขืจ ืคืืจ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผืจืฒึทื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื ืกืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข 
ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืืœืข ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง-- ื“ื™ 
ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืขืจ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืงืœื•ื’ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึธื ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืื˜ืึธืจ. ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ืงืœืืก, ื“ืขื ื”ืึธืจืขืคึผืืฉื ืขื 
ืคืึธืœืง -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™. ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืœื˜ืข ืืฒื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื‘ืืจืขืจ ืงืจืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜. 
ื“ื™ ืงืคึผืกืค ืฉืขืฆื˜ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืง ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืืงื˜ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื™ื’ื˜, ืื– ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื 
ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ืืฑืกืคึผืจื•ึผื•ืŸ, ืคืืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืกื™ืข. ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ึนื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืคึผืกืค, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ 
ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึนืฃ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื•ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขืงืฐืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ืœื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœ. ืื™. ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื• ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ืื’ืฒื™ืกื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™- 
ืงืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืฒึท ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœืขืจ ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“, 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื–ื™ื“ื™ื•ื ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ-ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ-ืจืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื’ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืืœืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ืฐื•ืฒึทื–ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขืกื™ืจืขืกื ืขืคืขืฉื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ืฒื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœื•ื ื’ 
: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื•ึผื ื’, ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืคื‘ืœื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ื- 
ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“, 


ืื™ื  ืคืึธืจืžืื˜ื™ืฐืข ืžื™ื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื  


ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ:ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ 


ื“ืขื 12 ื ืึธื™ืื‘ืขืจ 1982 ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืฑืกืขืจืึธืจื“ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ- 
ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืคึผืกืค, 

ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืคื˜ืจืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืืจืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจืขื“ืข ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืงืคืกืค ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืงืคึผืกืค ื›ืื•ื•. ืื ื“ืจืึธืคึผืึธื•ื• ื™ื•. ืฐื•. 

ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื”ืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ ื“ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืงืคึผืกืค, ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคึผืจืขื–ื™ื“ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ-ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™- 
ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ื‘ืืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™, ื“ืึธืก ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืคืึธืœืง, ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขื ืขืขืจ ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ืฒื™, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืข- 
ืœื•ื›ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉื ืคืขืœืงืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ, ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœ-ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ- 
ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ื ืคืœืืžื™ืงืขืจ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืคืืจ ืฉืึธืœืขื. 

ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืžืŸ- 
ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ 50 ื™ืึธืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ 18 ื™ืึธืจ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื - 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื ืงืึธืœืึธืกืืœืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืจืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื ืึธืœื™ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข 
ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœ-ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ-ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืื ื“. ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืึธืœื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืœืขื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉื ืคืขืœืงืขืจ- 
ืœืขื›ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ 
ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืื ื“, --ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืื ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืฉืืคื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ื“ื™ ื ืึธื›ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืกื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“, ื“ื™ ืืฑืกืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืกืžืึธืก, ืืœืข ื“ืขืจ- 
ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข, ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ืฒ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“. 

ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืฒึทื“ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืืจืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืขื, 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืข ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ืœืŸ โ€ ื ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ-ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฆืง ืงืคึผืกืค, 

ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืคึผื˜ืจืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืื™ื– ืืจืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจืขื“ืข ื“ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืงืคึผืกืค, ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืงืคึผืกืค ื›ืื•ื•. ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืขื ืงืึธ ืง. ืื•. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืืœืก ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ-ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืงืคึผืกืค ื“ืขื 
ื›ืื•ื•. ืื ื“ืจืึธืคึผืึธื•ื• ื™ื•. ืฐื•. 

ืืœืก ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ-ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืคึผืกืค ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ืื™ื™ื - 
ืฉื˜ื™ืžื™ืง ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ืื•ื•. ืื ื“ืจืึธืคึผืึธื• ื™ื•ืจื™ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. 

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืืคืŸ ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ-ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืงืคึผืกืค ื›ืื•ื•. 
ืื ื“ืจืึธืคึผืึธื•ื• ื™ื•. ืฐื•. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืข ื“ืื ืงื‘ืืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืคืืจืŸ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืขื ืขื ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ -- ืคืืจ ืื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ-ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืงืคึผืกืค. 

ื›ืื•ื•. ืื ื“ืจืึธืคึผืึธื•ื• ื™ื•. ืฐื•. ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืคึผืกืค, ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•- 
ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก, ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’ ืคืืจ 
ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ืจืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืกืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื•ืฉื ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืคึผืกืค, ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืืคืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜, ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ-ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืœืขื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ 


ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ?. ืื™. ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•ืŸ. 


ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. 


0 ื™ืึธืจ ืคืกืกืจ 


ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ื ืขื 1922 ื™ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื 
ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืจืื˜ืŸ-ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืจื™ึทืขืจ, ื“ืขื 20-ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืงืื‘ืขืจ. 

ื–ืขืงืก ื™ืึธืจืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžืขืจืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืื˜ืข. ,ื“ืึธืก ืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™- 
ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืคืืจืงืขืจืคืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ 
ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง, --- ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืงืคืกืค ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 60-ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ- 
ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ. --- ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™- 
ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื•ึผื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื - 
ืคืืœืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื". 


ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื“ ื“ืขืงืœืืจืืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆ;:ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ 


ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจืข 
ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ืžื™ืง ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขื ,ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ", ื“ื™ื ื˜ ืคืืจ ื ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืขืจ 
ื’ืืจืื ื˜ื™ืข, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืื™ื– ื ืคืจืฒึทืฐื™ืœื™ืงืข ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ืื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ื– ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืึธื ืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ื ืขื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืื™ื– ืึธืคืŸ ืคืืจ ืืœืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘- 
ืœื™ืงืŸ, ืกืฒึท ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืกืฒึท ืคืืจ ื“ื™, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืขืœืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉื˜ื™ึทืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜. 

ืžืขืœื“ื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœืขื ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš 
ืคึผืจืึธืงืœืืžื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื‘ืืจื™ืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขืกื•ื™ื“ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื - 
ืžืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืืคื•ืœืžืขื›- 
ื˜ื™ืงื˜, ื‘ืืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ื“ืขืœืขื’ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ, ืืคืŸ ืกืžืืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืžืื›ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฆื•ื›ืืกืžืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผืžืืš 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ?ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ". 


ื’ืขืึธืจื’ื™ 


ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ืขืจืจ 


ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ , ืกืึทื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ืšื“" 


ืžื™ื˜ 60 ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ. ืขืจ ืคืืจืงืขืจืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื ืืฒื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืงื™ื™ื - 
ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืื™ื– ืืฒื ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืึธื‘ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ื- 
ื•ื•ืขื’-ืงืจืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜, ืืŸ ืื•ืžื•ื™ืกืฉืขืคื‘ืืจืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื ืืฆื™ึดืึธื ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื’ืฒืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜-- 
ืฆื•ื ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ื–ืก. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื™-ื“ืื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜ ื‘ื 
,ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“* ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฑื™ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืขืœ- 
ืงืขืจ--ื“ื™ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœื“ืื•ื•ื™ืฉืข. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ื‘ืืงืื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจืฒ ื ืฒึทืข ืฐื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœึตื™- 


ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 


ืžื ืจ ืง ืึทึธ ื•ื• 


ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืึธืฐื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธืฐืกืงืขืจ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืงืจื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืื™ืงืึธื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ื- 
ื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธื•- 
ืกืงืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื™ืจ ื™ืึธืจ: ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคืืฉื™ื–ื. ื ืกืืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื ืกืืš 
ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ 


ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜. ื ืกืืš. 
ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืœื™ืงื˜. ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. 


ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ืก ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 


8 


ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื ื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืืจื’ืขื˜, 
ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขื˜. 

-- ื ืคืืจืงื™ืฉืขืคื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืœื™ื‘ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืกื˜, 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื“ืขื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ืืœืŸ.-- ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, 
ื•ื™ ืืจื‘ืขืก. 

-- ื ืžืื–ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ,. ืื™ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ, ืื™ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืจ- 
ื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืœื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ืจ. ืฐื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืงืจื™ื’ืกื˜ ื‘ืืœืฑื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ,---ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ 
ืงืจื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืื™ืงืึธืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธื•ืกืงืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 
ืืœืข ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข , ืกืฐื•ืึธื“ืงืขืก* ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืคืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืึธืจื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. 

ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ื•ื ื’ืก-ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ื–ืืœ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื ืฒึทืขื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื‘ืืฉื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคึผืœืืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ. 

ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืฒึทืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืงืึธื 
ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื•ื•. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืงืจื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ื•ื™ื’ื˜ 
ืคืืจ ื ื–ื•ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืกืืš ื‘ืื•ื™ื–ืŸ: ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื ื“ื™ืกืขืจ- 
ื˜ืืฆื™ืข, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ืืฐื•ืึธื“,. ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ืงืึธื, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ื™ืึธืจ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืœืก ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืขืžืขืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืขึถืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืฒ ื‘ื ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืž- 
ืคึผืขืจืืžืขื ื˜. ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข-ื ื™ื˜-ืื™ื– ื–ืืš, ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงื ืฒึทืœื›ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืขืคึผืขืก:ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื”ืืกืงืึธืžืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก-ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜, ืžืขื’ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ,--ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืฃ ืก'ื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ-ื“ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื•ื•ืก ื™ื•ื ื’-ืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืืก: ,ื”ืึธืกื˜, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš? ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืืš? ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื™- 
ืฆื™ืื˜ื™ื•ื•?" 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืœืฒื™ื’ืŸ ื ื–ืืš. ื“ืขื 
ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืžืคึผืขื˜ืคื•ืœืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜... 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฐื•ื™ืจื˜-ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœื•ื•ื™ืจื˜-ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืกืืžืข ืกืึธืฃ, ื ืึธืจ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ-ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืจืขื“ืข 
ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื•ื•. 

-- ื ืžืื–ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. -- ื–ืึธืœ ืื–ื ืžืื–ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜. ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธื•ืฐื•ืกืงืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืงืึธื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ึทืง. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธื•ื•ืฆืขืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื‘ื- 
ืœื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืคึผืขืก:ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื™ื. 
ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ืจื• ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ, ืจื•, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ืงืึธื ืกื˜! ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงืขืžืคื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืฉืึธื“ ืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ. ื‘ื ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฆื• 
ื“ื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืคึผืจืขื˜ืขื ื–ื™ืขืก. ืจื• ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ! 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ื•ื™ ืžืข 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. ืžืข ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืกื™ืžื›ืข, ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ. ื ืžื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ,. ื’ืขื’ืœืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืขืก ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธืฐืข ื”ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจื ืฐืฒึทื–, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ืฒึทื˜ --ืืคื™ืœืข ื™ืึธืจืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ. 

-- ื ื•, ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืคืืจ ืืœืฅ, ืคืืจ ืืœื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืก--ื ื“ืื ืง,-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ 
ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืงืœืฒื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ.---ื ื•, ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžืฒืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืก ืฆื• 
ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ! ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืกืงืขืจ ืกืึธืœืึธื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ... ืื™ ืื–ื ืื™ื– ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ ืื–ื.. 
ืกืืžืึธื›ื•ื•ืืœืึธื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื˜ืจืขืจ... ืขืคืฉืขืจ, ืคื™ืึธื“ืึธืจ ืคื™ืึธื“ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• 
ืขืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“: ื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืฉื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ 
ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜..---ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืœืื›ื˜. ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ , ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ! ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ื™ืจื˜!* 


-- ื ื“ืื ืง, ื ื“ืื ืง... ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ืคึผื™ืึธื“ืึธืจ ืคื™ืึธื“ืึธ- 
ืจื™ื˜ืฉ.. ื ื“ืื ืง ืคืืจืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื“ืื ืง ืคืืจืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ. ื›'ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ 
ืืฃ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ ื’ืขืฉื•ื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืฑื˜: ;ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื–ืขืŸ.. ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜..* ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืฃ, ืื– ืคืืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ื™ื™- 
ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ืงืขืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ื‘ืืจื™ืฉื ื™ืขืก, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืกืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ... ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืฉืืจืฃ ืฐืึธืจื˜. 
ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ื ื“ืื ืง ืคืืจืŸ ืกื˜ืืจืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ. ืคืจื™ึทื ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื”ืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉ 
ืืฒึทืš ื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ... ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธื•ื•ืกืงืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ืฉืขืจืขื ื’ืข... -- ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืขื ืขืจ, ื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš, 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืœ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืฒึทื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ, ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ื - 
ื“ื™ืง, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืžืืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฒึทื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืข:-- ืœืขื‘ื˜, ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืก, ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืก ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 

ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืืคึผืœืึธื“ื™ืจื˜. ืื™ื ืขื ื–ืืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›- 
ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืข. ืื™ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกืืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืจืึธืœ. ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขืœืขืก, ื’ืขืœืฑื‘ื˜ ืคืืจ 
ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ืŸ, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜ ืคืืจ ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ, ื’ืขื™ื™ืฆืขื˜, ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜, ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ืฆื•ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืกืœืขืก. 


ืคึท 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืกืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ืฐื™ื ื”ืฒึทื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคืึธืจื”ืขื ื’ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ. ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืกืงืจื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ;ื›ืึธื“ื™ืงืขืก". 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ืขืจ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืคึผืงืขืจ ืจื™ื™ืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืึธืคึผืœื™ืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฆืฒึทื™ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืจื˜ืขื ืขืจ. ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืฐื™ื˜ืฉืขืจืฒึท ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืœื™- 
ืกืื“ื ื™ืง ืคืจื™ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขื ืข ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš. ื ืฐื™ื ื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื•ืืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืฉื™ื ื“ืœ ืืคืŸ ื“ืืš. 

--- ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคืŸ! --- ืื™ื– ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ. -- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื’ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื—ืžื ื“ืขื ืกื™ื’ื ืืœ? ืขืจ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜, 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืš. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื’ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืขืžื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงื™ืœืขืจ: ,ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืœืกื˜ื•?! ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืขื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื ืงืขืก. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืืจื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจืข". ื ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืจืฒื™ึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืงืึธื: ,ืจื•, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ืงืึธื ืกื˜". ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
,ืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื‘ืืฐื•ืกื˜ื–ืฒึทื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืคืœืึธืกืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื•ื™ ื ื˜ืฒึทื›ืœ, ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืื™ื ืžืฑืขืš: 
ื™ืขื‘" ืขื™ 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข 
ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ื ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืึธืก. 

ืืฒื™ื ืฉืœืึธืคึผืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืงืึธืคึผ ืืคืŸ ืงื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื’ื™ืš, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜, ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ืืฉืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•" 
ื’ืฒืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ื ืงื™ืš-ื˜ื™ืฉืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืœื™ื˜ืงืข, ื ืฐืฒึทืกืขืจ ืขืžืืœื™ืจื™ 
ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืฒื™ึทื ื™ืง, ื ืกืงืึธื•ื•ืจืขื“ืงืข, ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืœืฃ 

ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืขืกืŸ. ืก'ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจ ื ื˜ืึธื’, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ. ื’ื•ื˜, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืœื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคืืœืŸ ื ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง-- 
ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ืข, ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืืจืฒื™ึทื ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื™ื™-ื”ื•ื™ื– ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ืš-ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขืžืขืจืœ, ืื•ืคืขืกืŸ ื ื˜ืขืœืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืึธืจืฉื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ืงืึธื˜ืœืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 


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ื’ืึธืจื˜ืฉื™ืฆืข. ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื‘ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืคื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืืคืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืึธืคื˜, ื ื”ืึธื’ืœ 
ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืข ืคืจืื’ืŸ? ืื™ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื ืึธืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจืขื’ืœื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกืงืึธื•ื•ืจืขื“ืข ื ืคึผืฒึทื ืงื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคื˜ 
ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืคืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ, ืฆื™ ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜? ืฆื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ-ื ื™ื˜-ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืขืจืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื ืึธื›ืื ืื ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืื™ืงืึธื? 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜. ื ืึธืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื– ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ -- ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืึธ 
ืืจื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืึธื’ ืืจื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืš ืืจื•ื -- ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืœื™ืกืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื–ื•ื™ ---ืึธืŸ ืืฒึทืœืข- 
ื ื™ืฉ, ืึธืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜, 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืขืกืŸ ืืคื’ื™ืš, ืฉืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจืฐืฒึทื–, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขืงืฒื™ืขื - 
ื“ื™ืง, ืึธืคึผื‘ืจื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื›ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™, ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืงื™ืœืŸ, ืื™ื– 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืขืงื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืคึผืืฐืึธืœื™ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜. 

;ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืฒึทื– ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฆืขืงืฒึทืขืŸ", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข 
ื’ื•ืกืข ืื™ื™ืฆืข, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื’ื™ื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ืœืืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ,ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐื™ ืก'ืื™ื™ืฆืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ,ื–ื“ืึธืจืึธืฐื™ืข" (?ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜'),. ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืึธืคึผืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืึธืจ 
ืฆืขืŸ.. ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ืขืŸ ื ืกืืš -- ื“ืจืฒึท ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ? ืžืข ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš.." 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืืคืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ืœืื ื’ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื•ื•ืื›ื˜ ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฉืืจืคืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื•ืฉืงืขืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคื•ืขืก, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื˜ืื‘ืœืขื˜ืงืข ื ื™ื˜ืจืึธื’ืœื™ืฆืขืจื™ืŸ, 
ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื™ืฆืข ืฆื•ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ. ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™- 
ื˜ืขืง ืื™ื ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืคึผืืจืื˜, ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ, ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืขืก 
ืฆื•ื ืื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืกืืžืึธื›ื•ื•ืืœืึธื•ื•ืก ืงืึธืœ; 

-- ื ื’ื•ื˜ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ! ื ื•, ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ืืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฒึทืขื ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื ืขืœืŸ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืึธื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜? ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก: ื ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขืงืืœื–ืขื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข. 
ื ื• ื”ืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉืขื›ื˜ืŸ. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธืคึผืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ. ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜, ื ืขื ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•. 

-- ื ื“ืื ืง, ืคืขื“ื™ืข, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ, ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ.. ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ... ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ? ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ื›ืฒึทืข ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืจืฆื•ืงืŸ ื ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข? 

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืกืืžืึธื›ื•ืืœืึธื•ื•ืก ืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ, ื ืึธื›ืื ืื ื“ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜: ,ืืœื™ืึธ, ืคึผืึธื“ื˜ืื™ืึธื–ืฉื ืึธื™ืข, ืืœื™ืึธ:"-- ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืก, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืืฃ ืœืื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ. 

ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืคื•ืข. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืึธื“ืึธืจ 
ืคื™ืึธื“ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ: ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืœื˜, 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขื˜ืขืžื˜ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืจืืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื›ืœ--ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜, ืื™ื ืขื ื ืฒึทืขื 
ืจื™ื˜ื, ื‘ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, 

;ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืกืืžืึธื›ื•ื•ืืœืึธืฐืŸ! ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ืึธืจื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš... ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืš 
ืึธืคึผื˜ืขืจ ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืืžืคึผืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื ืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ึธืืœื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืืคื™ืœืข ืืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืœื™ื ืงืŸ ืึธืคึผื ื™ื™ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ. 
ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜: ,ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ืงืืฐืึธื ืข ื”ืขืจื˜ ืกืืžืึธื›ื•ื•ืืœืึธื•ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืฃ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ,. ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืงื–ืขืฆืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ. ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ... ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืืงืึธื•ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฐื™ืจื“ื™ืง, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืื ื“ื™ื“ืื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืคืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™?, 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืจืืžืขืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืจืข 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื™ืžืขืจืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ 
ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ-ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื ื•ืฆื˜. ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืขืก ื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื“ืขืง. ื ื‘ืืจื’ ืงื™ืฉื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืฆื™ื›ืœืขืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก 


11 


ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืข ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ. ืคืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ืืงื•ืจืื˜, ืฉื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืื”ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืืœืก ืืŸ ืื•ืžืฆื•ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜. ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ 
ืืจื•ืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ืคืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜. ืก'ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, ืื– 
ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ. ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš,. ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™ืŸ: ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ืจื•ื™ึดืงืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืขืžืขืจ. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื“ื™ืจืขืœืข, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ 
ืจืื™ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ืึธื˜, ื–ื™ื ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทื‘, -- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืืฒึทื ืึธืจื“ืข" 
ื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ึธืืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื›ืื ื™ื–ืื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืžื•ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืงืึธื ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ (ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ืฐื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ื”ื–). ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฉืฑืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ืก ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ื ืกืืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ. 

ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื˜, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืœ, ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ืกื˜ ืฆื•ื ืืฒึทื–ืขืจืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ึน ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– 
ืื•ืคื’ืขืจืืžื˜, ืืคืŸ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข 
ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื–ืงืืกื˜ืŸ -- ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ื™ื™-ื”ื•ื™ื–,. ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข, ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื ืžืื˜ืึธื ืข: ื ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื˜ืขื ืข ื’ืื ื“ื–, ื ืงืจื•ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ื•ืืก 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ืข ืฉืึธืงืึธืœืื“-ืืฑื™ืกื™ึดืขืก: ,, ืื™. ื™ืข. ืงืจื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืŸ -- ืขืกื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜". 
ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงืœืขืงืŸ ืืฃ ื ืฐืึธืš. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืฐืขืง ืื™ื ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ืขืก 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืขืก ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืคืข, ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื’ืœืข- 
ื–ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืจืœ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืคึผืœืืกื˜ืžืืกืึธื•ื•ืข ื”ืขื ื’ืขืจืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืฃ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื’ืœืึธื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉ, ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืึธืจื˜. ื–ื™ื ืื™ึดื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื”ืขืœืข ื‘ื•ื ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึธืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜: ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžืืง. ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืข ืคืืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึผืืกื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ืจืข ื’ืœืื ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ืœื™ืคึผืŸ, ืจืึธื–ืขืฐืข ื‘ืืงืŸ. ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ. 

;ืืš, ื–ื™ื ืข, ื–ื™ื ืข, ืคืจื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืขื˜, 
ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืืคืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืœืขืš. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• 
ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืขืก ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืคืข, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืก 
ื ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜. 

,ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืื”ื™ื™ื, ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ. 


9 


ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื–ื™ื™ื“ืขืก, ื’ื•ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก -- ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืก 
ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, -- ื ืึธืจ ืืฑื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื ืคึผืืกื™ืง ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฆืฐืขืงื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. ื |ืงืœื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืฃ ื ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืœืืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืืœืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืฃ ื ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืกื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืคืืจืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก 
ืื•ื™ื’. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื˜ืฒึทื›ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืก'ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืข ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ, ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ืฆื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ 
ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ื ืก. ืื–ื ื‘ืจื™ืง ืืฃ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืงืœืขืฆืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธืจืขื ื˜ืฉืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืฐืขื“ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ึทื ืฐื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืึธืจืฃ. ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉื•ืœ! ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคึผืœืืฅ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ, ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื ืคืจื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืื ื’, ืกื–ืึธืœ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื ื™ื˜-ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉืข ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. / 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ -- ืื•ื™ืš ื ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื. ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื–ื ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืข ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, 
ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืื˜ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื’ื˜ ืฉืคึผืจืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ. 


12 


ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจืข- 
ื–ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขืกืฑื™ืœืขื. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข. ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข,. ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ืข 
ืฉื˜ืืžืขืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข, ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื–ื™ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื‘ืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื•ืงื˜. ื“ื™ ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจืขื–ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืœื™ืฉ -- ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืฆืขืคึผ, ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืคืืจื•ืžืขืจื˜. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื 
ืื•ืžืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜. 

;ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื’", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืกื˜ืŸ 
ืขืง ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื, ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืก ืงื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ. ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื–, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืืคืŸ ืงื™ื™- 
ืฐืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ื™ืœื“ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืคืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื: 
;ื–ื™ื ืื™ึดื“ื ืกืคึผื™ืจื™ื“ืึธื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ืงืจื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื. 1914---1973., 

ืื  ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ. ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ื ืข, ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ.. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืึธื ืขืจ. ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืืจื•ืžืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืื™ืึธืŸ... ืฆื•ืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉื‘ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืœื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ, ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืจื“... ื ืกืืš ื–ืื›ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ". --ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•. 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืขืจ ืฆืื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืจ- 
ื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœืื ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜-ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง" ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืื™ึดื“ืขืก ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืข. 

ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืึธืคึผืขื˜ืขืก, ื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืงื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ; ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ืงืขื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฐืึธืจื™ื ื›ืื–ื™ื™ืจื™ื; ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจืขื–ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืจื•ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ; ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจืขื–ืข- 
ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืจื˜ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ, 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื™ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืจืึธื–, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืคืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื ืงื™ื•ื•ืขืจ' ื”ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื“ืจืึธื˜ืขื ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืœืข ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื, ืึธืคื˜ืžืึธืœ 
ืื•ืžืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืขืŸ. 

ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉืข ื‘ืขืจื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืืœืขื ืข, ืคืืจ- 
ื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืฑืœื“ื’ืจืึธื– ืงืฐืึธืจื™ื, ืคืืจื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืคื•ื™ืœื˜ืข ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืข ืฆืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ืข ืฆืœืึธืžื™ื,. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื’ืงืฒึทื˜ ื 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜. ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืฆื•ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืืžืงืฒึทื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜, -- ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฆืืžื˜, ื“ื™ ืคืœืขืงืขื ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืื, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืจื˜ืขืจืฐืฒึทื– ืฆืขืคื•ื™ืœื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ, ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืื›ืขื˜. ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืจืฒึท ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจื˜ ื›ืื–ื™ื™ืจื™ื,. ืงืขืœื‘ืœืขืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ืงื™ืœืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ; ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืขื–ืขืž? ื‘ืขืจืขื–ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจืขืžืœื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืงืขืจื™ื™. 

ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดืฉืขื•ื•- 
ืจืื˜, ื’ื•ื˜ ื ืจืขื“ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื‘ืืจืขืจ ืื•ืžืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’. ืื•ื•ืื“ืข, ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื•ื•ื™ื”ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ึผืขืจ ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืคืึธืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืื–ื•ื™, ืžื•ื– ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืŸ 
ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจืขื–ืขืก, ื ืกืืš ืจื•ืžืคื•ืœืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคืืฉื™ื–ื, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื›- 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขืฒื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืคืืจื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜, -ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืคื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš, 
ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืžืื ืฆื‘ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื›ื•ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื– ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ. ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื•. 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆืขื ื“- 
ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ื“ืืจืฃ ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืœื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื. 

;ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืฉืึธื ืงื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธืงืจืื˜, 
ื–ืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืŸ ืžืฐื–ืกื˜ ื–ืขืŸ... ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ื—ืขืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื”ืขืจืฆื™ืขืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 


13 


ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืฒ ืื•ืŸ ืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒึทื˜, ืฆื•ื ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ. 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 


4 


ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืึธื’ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ื ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืกืขื ื™ืข, ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื™ื•ื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืืจ"- 
ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืก-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ, --ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืœืขืจื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ืืฑื™ื’ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™" 
ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœ ,ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธื•ื•ืกืงืขืจ ืขืจื“". 

--- ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืจื™ืœืึธื•ื•! ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ! --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื’ืืก ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืกืขื ื™ืขืก 
ืงืึธืœ. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ึทื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืžืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื™ื. ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉื˜ืึธืงื™ืงืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดืฉืขื•ื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ ,,ืœืื ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืฉืืคื˜-ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง", ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ,. ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืจื•ืคื˜ 
ืื™ื ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ื ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืง. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืขืคื ื˜ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืกืขื ื™ืข ืึธื ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื™ืš, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, --- ืกืขื ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคึผืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืฉื•ืคึผืจื™ื ืข, ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื‘ืœื™ื’ืื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืืœืื ื˜. --- ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืืฒึทืš ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜- 
ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜. ืคื•ื ืขื ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืขื ืขื ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืฐื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜, ื‘ื™ื˜ืข, 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ืกืขื ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆืขืขืคื ื˜ ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื•ืš, ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื ื‘ืœืฒึทืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืฐืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ื™ืึธ. ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฑื™ืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ื™ืกื™ืขืก, ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืข, ืื–ื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืึธื " 
ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ืข. ืื–ื ื”ืื ื˜ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืขื™ 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืœื™ื™ืข- 
ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืฉืขื ืขืก--- ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ 
ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ื ืžืขื”ืืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. ,ื“ืึธืก 
ื˜ื•ื’ ื ื™ื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืงืœืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, --- ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื– ืงืจื™ืœืึธื• 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื–ืึธืงืŸ". ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ื™ 

;ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืฉืงืข... ืขืจ ื”ื•ืคื˜ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื•ืฑื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš, ืจืขื“ื˜ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ... ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ ืืฐื•ืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ? ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืข ื–ืืš. ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ 
ื“ืึธ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜... ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื•ื– ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ืง --ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืื™ื™ื’ื ืก, ืื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขื‘ืืงื ืก... ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื™- 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ... ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ, ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฆืื ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื‘ืื“ืขืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฉืื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืคืืœืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ: ื“ื™ ื›ืื–ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืฆืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขืจื’ืœ, ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื’ื˜", -- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื’ืื ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• 
ืึธื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜. ,ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืก", --ื”ืึธื˜ ื 
ืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื ื˜ืจืขืคึผืœ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ 
ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“. 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜-ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœืฃ 
ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ืืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜. 

ื ื•, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืขืก ื‘ืขื ืขื’ื™ื™ืข ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืก ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ. 

;ื ื’ื•ื˜ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ื˜ืื˜ืข, ื ื’ื•ื˜ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข!-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ื•ืŸ. --- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธืฃ, ืื– ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข. ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ! ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื• ืœืืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ,ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืจื•"? ื•ื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื™ื’ื˜, ืื– 


14 *ืŸ 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืึธืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื›ืื–ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืงื•ื ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–. ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืข ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ืจ. ื ื™ื ืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ. ื–ื™ ื•ืฑืœ, ืื– ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื - 
ื“ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืงืข ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืœืขืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ. ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืฐืขืœืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ. ืื•ื ื“ื•ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜ ื’ื™ืš. ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’. ืงื•ื ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฃ ื“ืึธ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืจ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ืจื•ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืš. ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ? 
ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, ืคื™ืœืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜? ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ื ืึธืจืžืืœ. ืžืขื’ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ื ื™ื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ -- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืžืื™ืึธืจ! ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืืจืžื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜. ืืœื–ืึธ, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืŸ, ื”ืขืจื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืžืื ื“ืข: ;ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื ืฒึทืขื ื•ืฐื•ื™ืŸ-ืคึผืœืืฅ!..* 

ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ -- ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืก, ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืฉืงืขืก ืงืึธื˜ืฉืขืจืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืœืึธืคึผืขื˜ืขืก; 
;ื–ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ื•, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืคืืจื›ืืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื•ื•ืขืจืงืขืœืข". ืืฃ 
ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ืจ; 

;ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ! ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืงืœืขืจืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื›'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ืคืึธืจื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื—ื–. ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ! ืื™ืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื™ึดืš ืœื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฅ ืืฒึทืš ืืœืก ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื”ืืจืฅ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ื”ืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ. ืื™ืจ, ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืข ืกืคื™- 
ืจื™ื“ืึธื ืึธื•ื•ื ืขืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ืื˜ืข-ืžืืžืข. ืื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืฅ ื“ืขื -- ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื, 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง: ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืขืŸ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ื“ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืง, ืื– 
ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืื ืงื‘ืืจ? ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™- 
ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืฉืงืขืŸ. ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืขืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ืจืขื“ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ -- ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืฒึทืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš". 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธืœ. ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ,ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืš ืœื™ื‘. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸืฆื• ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ื™ื ืคืืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ืืš. ,ืงื•ื ืฆื• 
ืคืึธืจืŸ"! ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืฃ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ.. ืก'ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ.. ื“ืึธืก 
ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ--ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืงืืจืคึผืื˜ืŸ-ื‘ืขืจื’.. 
ืืš, ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืข, ืฐื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ.. ืฆื•" 
ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื’ืจืึธื ืึธื ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื–ืึธืึธื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืงืขืจ.. 
ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืกืึธืฐื•ื™ืจื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึทื ื˜ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืœื™ื™ืฆืขืก ืคื•ึผืŸ ื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ... ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜.. ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืืจืงืื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื™- 
ืกื˜ื™ืืงืึธื•ื• ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ึน ื ืึธืจ ื ืงื•ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ -- ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืืจืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ.." 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉื˜ืขืš 
ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืข ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื, ื ืึธืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืฒื’ื˜, ืจื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืš; 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื’ื•ื˜ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ... ืื•ืŸ ื ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืฐื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ื ืขืจ ,ืื’ืจืืจื™ืขืจ"? ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืคืืจื›ืืคื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ืคืจืึธื ื˜-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืขืก.. ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ ืžืฒื™ึทื ืข ืึธืจื“ืขื ืก ืื•ืŸ 
ืžืขื“ืืœืŸ... ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ืฉื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจืžืื›ืŸ. ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ..---ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืข- 
ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืฉืขื ืข, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ,ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืฆ", -- 
ื”ืึธืก ืขืจ ื ืงืœืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ. 

--- ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืžื™ืš,. ื ืื˜ืืฉืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืขื˜ืฉืึธื ืงื™ื ืขืŸ ---ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืข ื˜ืขืœืข- 
ืคืึธื ื™ืกื˜ืงืขืก ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืœื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดืฉืขืฐื•-ืจืื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืฅ- 
ืจื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื. 

-- ื’ื•ื˜-ื”ืขืœืฃ, ื˜ื™ืžืึธืคึผื™ื™ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ืฉ. ืก'ืจืขื“ื˜ ืงืจื™ืœืึธ. ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื•ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜? ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืงืจื™ื’ื˜? ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ 
ืžืขืŸ ืฉืขืฆืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืจื™ืข ืงืืจืคึผืึธื•ื•ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข. ื ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื - 
ื˜ืข ื˜ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขื ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืื˜ ืคืืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ-ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื•ื™ ืก'ื‘ืื“ืืจืฃ 
ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืจืื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืข... ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜, ืื– ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืจื™ื’ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ? ื›'ื”ืึธื‘, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืึธ ืคึผืืกื™ืจื˜? ื, ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก! ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืกื˜ืขืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื™ืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฐื•ึผืข ืืคืŸ 


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ืคืขืœื“... ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ... ืคืจืขื’ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ? ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐื™ ื“ื•: ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืื˜ืจืขืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืž- 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืฐื•ึผืข, ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืงืึธื, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจืžืขืก, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืฐื•ื™ืกืŸ.. ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก, ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ื•, ื–ืขืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื 
ืื•ื™ืก ื’ื•ื˜? ื ื•, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ ืืจืึธืคึผ- 
ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืืจืฑืกื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื“ืื ืง, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืคึผืจืขืžื™ืข. ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจ ืื™ื ืืฃ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืขืจ 
ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืกื–ืึธืœ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื™ 
ื ื•ื ื’, ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ื ืžืืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ื˜ื™ืžืึธืคืฒ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ื™ึดื˜ืฉ, ื ื•. 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื›ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื ืฉื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ? ื“ืึธืก 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ---ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฐืฒึทืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืขืจ? ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืึธืจ ื“ืจืฒึท-ืคื™ืจ 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ. ื–ืขืคึผื˜ื•, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜... ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ, ื’ื™ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• 
ืื”ื™ืŸ, ื’ื™ื‘ ื ืงื•ืง, ืฆื™ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’. ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืข 
ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข 
ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“. ื“ื™ 
ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข, ืคืขืกื˜ืข, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ึธื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืคื˜. ื’ื™ื‘ ื–ืฉืข 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื“ื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฐืขืกื˜ื• 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจื™ืฉ, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืืงืึธื•ื•ืก ืคึผืจืขืจืึธื’ืื˜ื™ื•... ื”ืขืœืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืึธืคึผ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืขืก.. ื ื•, ืงืœื™ื ื’, ืงืœื™ื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื“ืœ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืจืื’ืŸ. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ, 
ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื‘ืืงืœืขืจืŸ, ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืืงืœืขืจืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. 


ืคึผ 


ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืฉืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ? ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืค- 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ: ืคืึธืจืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ? ืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืฐืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก: ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืคืึธืจืŸ. ื ืึธืจ 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืืฃ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืกืฆืขื ืข, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืกืฆืขื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืกื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื–ื•ื™: 
ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืืงืึธื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืงืึธืœ (ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข): 

-- ื›'ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื•ืขืง, ืืจืงืื“ื™. ื ืขื ืžื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ื™ืกืงืึธื ื˜. ืขืก ืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ื•ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ, ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื ืจื•ื™ึธืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืืงืึธื•ื•ืก ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืฒึทืคืข ื‘ืืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืจืขืžืขืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืžื•ืจืขื˜, ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืืฃ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’: 

--- ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ื›'ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื•ืขืจ ืฆื™ ื‘ืื ืขืžืกื˜ื• ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื˜ื•ืกื˜! 
ื“ื• ืฉืขื›ื˜ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืึธืŸ ื ืžืขืกืขืจ. ื›ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคืืจืŸ 
ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืจืื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ: ,ื•ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธื•ื•ืกืง ื‘ืืฆื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจืื ืขืŸ? ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ, ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข, ืื™ื– ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขืŸ. ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืืงืึธื•ื•, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืงืึธืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ, ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืกืขืžืขื˜ืฉืงืขืก. ืืฒึท-ืืฒึท, ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื‘ื™ื–ืึธื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ!" 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื˜, ืื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืืคืงืข ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืื– ืขืก ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ,--ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ. ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื–ืืš: /ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืจืื ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ืืœื˜, ืื– ื“ื• ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธื•ื•ืกืง, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ? 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื•ื•ืื›ื˜ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจืื™ืงืึธื. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืืฃ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื‘ ื“ื• 
ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจืข ื–ืืš? ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจืŸ ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ื ืึธืš ื ืฉืœืขืคึผ ื˜ืึธืŸ. 
ืื– ืžืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืขืœื˜ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืžืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื–ืึธืงืŸ. ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžืื›ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจ ื“ืขื 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ื ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœืŸ ืื•ึผืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ 


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ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ,ืคึผืจืื•ื•ื“ื* ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืŸ ืืงืื“ืขืžื™ืงืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ,ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื ืœืื ื’ ืœืขื‘ืŸ". 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ืฐื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื ืข ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื ืึธื›ืื ืื ื“ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื™ืึธื’ืŸ: ,ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืกื˜ื• ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ? ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ". 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ 
ืกื™ื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืื ืงืจื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืก ืฉืึธื›ืŸ.-- ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืงืึธื ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขื’ื•ื“ืึธื•ื•ืŸ: ,,ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ 
ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜. ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื•. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืงื˜ 
ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืื. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฐื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื ืข ืงืจื™ืœืึธื•ื•". 

ืฆื•ื ื’ืœื™ืง ืื™ื– ืคึผืขืจืขื’ื•ื“ืึธื•ื• ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืขืจ ืื™ื–, ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ. ืฆื•ื ื’ืœื™ืง, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืืงืึธื•ื•ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ 
ื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืืงืึธื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขืจ, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืขื’ื•ื“ืึธืฐื•ืก ืคืจื•ื™. 
ื“ืขื ื–ื•ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ื•ืจืก ืื•ืžื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืคืจื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืข- 
ืจืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜-- ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืกืŸ: ,ื ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™? ืื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืืงืœืขืจืฃ 
ืžืข ื˜ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืœืื’ืข ืžืื›ืŸ ื›ืืคึผ-ืœืืคึผ", 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืื: ,ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข ืžืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื ืข! ืื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจืžืืœ, ืงืึธืžืข. ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜. ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืคืื›ืข: ืฆืฐื™ื™ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜. ืื™ืš ืงืœืขืจ, ืงืึธืžืข. ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜. ืื™ืš ืงื•ืฉ ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื•ืฉืงืขืŸ. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜. ืืฒึทืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ". 


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ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข ื–ื™ืš ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืขืžืขืก, ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ. ืื™ื™ืฆืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืขืžืขืŸ-ื ื™ื˜-ืื™ื– 
ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™-ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื˜, ืื– 
ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ 

ืกืืžืึธื›ื•ื•ืืœืึธื•ื• (ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืึธื“ื˜ืื™ืึธื–ืฉื ืขื ืกืึธื•ื•ื™ืจื˜) ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืึธืคืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ,ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืขืจืŸ ื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืขืกืœ? ืงื™ื™ื ืข ืžืึธืจืืœื™ืฉืข ืจืขื›ื˜ ืืฐืขืงืฆื•- 
ืคืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜. ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื›ึผืึธื˜ืฉื‘ื™ ืื•ื™ืก, ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ึธืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฐื™ืจื˜ืŸ. ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฐื•ื™ืจื˜ืŸ. ืฆื™ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืฐืขื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ? ืื•ื‘ ื–ืฉืข ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื ื™ืึธืจ-ืฆืฐืฒื™, ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ. ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืืฐืฒื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ". 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฉื˜ื™ืœ-ืจื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืื™ื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืงืึธื ืคึผืขืจืขื’ื•ื“ืึธื•ื•, ืืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื’ืŸ-ืงืจืขื ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืึธื ืงืขืก ืคืืจ ื“ื™ 
ืคื™, ืคื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืคืืจื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’-ื‘ื•ื™ื•ึผื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜, ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ: , ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ืฐื•ื™ื ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืžื™ืจ !ื‘ื™ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืขืก. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื•ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข. ื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืืงืึธื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื ืกืืš ื‘ื™ื›ืœืขืš, ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื‘ื ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืงืื“ืขืžื™ืข ืคืืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ืžื•ื– ืืŸ ืืกืคึผื™ืจืื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›- 
ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืง ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืืžืขืฉ ื ืจืขืงืึธืจื“! ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืฐืขืจื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ื’ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืืฑืกืคึผืจืฐื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืืงื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื˜ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ื- 
ืงืึธื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืคืจืืงื˜ื™ืง? ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื ืึธืš ื’ืึธืจ ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข! ื–ืฒึท ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืืก, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ 
ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืึธืคื˜". 

ื ืึธืš ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฑืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืก-ืึธืคึผ- 
ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืกืขืจืืคื™ื ืคึผืจืึธืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืžืขื˜ื™ืึธืœืงื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื‘ืขื˜ืœืขืŸ" 
ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ึผืŸ ืกืึธืฐื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื ืึธืจ. ,ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœ-ื‘ืฑื•ึผื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜. ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ึผื˜, ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ 
ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ืš-ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“, ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืฆืขื˜ืœ ืืฃ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื˜ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืฆื™ื’ืœ, ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืฉื˜ืฉื™ืงืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒื™ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฉืขืคื˜ื•ื. 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื“-ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืฉืืคื˜: ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ 


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ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืงื•ื›ืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ืœืฅ. ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ 
ื‘ื ืกืืžืึธื›ื•ื•ืืœืึธื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜. ืก'ืžืื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ. ืืฒึทืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืคืขืกื˜ืขืจ. ืื– ืื™ืจ 
ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืฒึทืš ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืืœืขืžืขื ืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืคืจืขืžื“ืข. ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืŸ, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ "ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ". 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืคึผืจืึธืงื•ืจืึธืจ? ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืงืึธืžื™ืกืืจ? ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืฐื•ื™ืจื˜ืŸ? ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ 
ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ. ืืœืข ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ; ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืืฐื•ืขืง 
ืืฃ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืฒื™ึทืงืฒึทื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืฉืืฆืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืœื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืคืจืื’ืŸ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื™ืฅ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืก, 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืื™ื™ื’ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข. 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืื ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ื•ืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ,ืื™ื™ืฆืข ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื". 

ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืขืžืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜, ืก'ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™---ืืŸ ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง ื 
ืคืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื ืฉื˜ืื ื“ื”ืืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืจื˜ ืืฃ ืงื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธืฉืŸ. ืฆื• ื–ืฒื™, ืฆื•ึน ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึทื–ื™ืงืข ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ 
ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื ืึธืš ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข. 


ืื– ืžืข ืคืึธืจื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธืฐืกืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืฑื™ืคึผื˜-ื˜ืจืืงื˜, ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื 
ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ื‘ืขืจื’ืœ. ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืข ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงื•ืจื’ืืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ืืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ. ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื•ืจื’ืืŸ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืข ืจื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืืฃ ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜-ื˜ืจืื ืฉื™ื™ืขืŸ. 

ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคืขืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื– 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืจื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ึดืขืœ. ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืืจื•ืคื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื’ืœืื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืœืืฅ ืืŸ ืขืจืขืš ื ื”ืขืงื˜ืืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก. 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธืฐืกืงืขืจ 
ื™ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื™ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืคืืฉื™ื–ื. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ืงื•ืจื’ืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืฃ ื ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ 
ื™ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’,. ืื– ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืืคืŸ ืงื•ืจื’ืืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื 
ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ืืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคื™ืฆืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ 
:ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš, ืื•ื™ืกื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืžืึธืœ, 
ืื–ื, ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ 
ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜-ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ ืื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื 
ื™ืžืขืจ ื‘ืืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืข: ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืœืืฅ ืืคืŸ ืงื•ืจื’ืืŸ ืืฐื•ืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืœื™ืกืง 
/ื ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืžืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืืกืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืŸ), ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื•ืขืงืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื˜ืฉื•ื”ื•ืŸ-ืคึผืœื™ื˜ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื ืฆืขืขืคื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ 
:ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืœืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’. ืขืžืขืก, ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™- 
ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื ืฆื™ืง. ื“ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืœื™ืกืง 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืืœ, ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืคึผืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธืกื˜ ืฐืึธืœืฐืœ, ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜. ืื–ืขืœื›ืข 
ืึทื‘ืขืœื™ืกืงืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืกืขืจื™ึดืขืกืฐืฒึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืืจืฉื˜ืื˜ ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธื ื“, ืึธื ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ืื– ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื‘ืขืœื™ืกืง ื–ืึธืœ 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ืข. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฒื™ื ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืจืฉื˜ืื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกื˜ืื ื“ืืจื˜, ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ื–ืืฐืึธื“ ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ึดืขืœืŸ ืœืืง. ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืžืืกืงื™ื ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืฉื•ื”ื•ืŸ-ื’ื•ืก-ื–ืืฐืึธื“ ืึธื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืืฃ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืืฐืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ 


18 


ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจื™ื ื™ืข ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ืข. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืื–ืึธืจื’ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื˜ืฉื•ื”ื•ืŸ-ืคืœื™ื˜ืขืก ืคืืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘-ืื•ื™ื•ื•ื ืก. ืื•ื™ืกืคืืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง-ื˜ืึธืฐื•ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืž- 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึธืฐื•ื™ืงืขืก ื”ืึธื˜, ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš, ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืขื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืฉืฐืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ื ืฉืฐืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืงืึธื ืงืึธื–ืœืึธื•ื•. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœืขืŸ, ืฆื™ ืžืข 
ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ: ,ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืœืข ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึธ- 
ื•ื•ื™ืงืขืก, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืงืึธื, -- ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืืจืื ื˜ื™ืข, ืื– ืืฃ ืึธื˜ึฟ ื“ืขื ืขืจืŸ-ื˜ืึธืฐืœ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืงืœืฒื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืคึผืื›ื“ืึธื ืขืก. ืฆื™ ืžืขื’ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ, ืื– ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืกืข ืจื•ืžืคื•ืœืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ืื–ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’". ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืึธื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœืขืจื”ืืคื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืจืง- 
ืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ื›ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข ื–ื™ื“ืœื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืืจืง- 
ืกื˜ืข ื–ื™ื“ืœืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืขืฃ ;ืึธื˜ ื ื›ืึธืœื™ืขืจืข!"--ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ-ืคึผืืจื˜ืฒื™ึทืฉืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉืืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ืึธืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ื–ื™ื“ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฐื™ืจื˜-ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืกืืžืึธื›ื•ื•ืืœืึธื•, ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒื™ืกืžืฒึทืกืข ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืขื ืขื 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ;ืžืข ื–ืขื˜, ืื– ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึธืฐื•ื™ืง, ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ! ืงืึธื ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš. ืขืš, ืื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ื˜ืขื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืœืขื’ ืืจื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืœืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื“ืขืจ- 
ืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข", 

ืื™ื ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืงืึธื, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš 
ืงืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜, ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 

-- ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืžืฒึทื ืข, ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื–ื ืื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืขืจื ืกื˜ 
ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ?! ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึธื–ืœืึธื•ื• ืื™ื– ื ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืกื˜ืจืื›ื™ืจืขืจ. ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืงืžืึธืœ ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ื›ื•ื™ื•ื•, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, -- ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืื. ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ. ื™ืข-ื“ืข-ืจืŸ! ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืคืืจืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื›ื•ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืงืึธื ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžืืกืงื™ื ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจื˜ ืืœืข ืจืื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธื•ืฆืขืก. 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ืืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืคืืฉื™ื–ื. ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ื™- 
ืœืขื ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธืฐืกืง ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ. ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธ- 
ืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื–ื ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืื”ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ืืœ. 
ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื”ืขืจ ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐ, ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื™-ื“ืื˜ืข, ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื ืกืืžืข ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืŸ 
ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืš. 


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ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืง, ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฉื•ื”ื•ื ืข- 
ื ืขื ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง-ื‘ื•ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฆืขื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข. 

--- ;ืกื™ื ืขืœื ื™ืงืึธื•ื• ื’ืœืขื‘ ื“ืื ื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ืจื•ืง", --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ 
ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, ื–ืฉืžื•ืจืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืขืจ ืื•ื•ื’ื•ืกื˜-ื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜-ืฆื• ื’ืขืขื - 
ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืœืŸ ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื”ืขืœ-ืจื•ื™ื˜. ,ื’ืœืขื‘ื•ืฉืงื ืกื™ื ืขืœื ื™ืงืึธื•ื•, ื 
ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’, ื ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ืขืจ ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืกืžืขืŸ, ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืžื™ื™ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ืืœืก ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธืฐื•ืกืงืขืจ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื™ื•ื’..." -- ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธ- 
ืจื™ื˜ืฉ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืืฃ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ืขืœื ื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืขืžืืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืกื™- 
ื’ืขืœื ื™ืงืึธื•ื•,. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜! ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืกื™ื ืขืœื ื™ืงืึธื• 
ื’ืขื™ื™ืฆืขื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื•ืฐื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืงืึธืจื™ืคื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


19 


ื ืื˜ื•ืจืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ --- ื˜ื™ืžื™ืจื™ืื–ืขื•ื•ืก, ืžื™ื˜ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืก, ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ืืคืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœืขื‘ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื’ืจืืจื™ืขืจ, 
ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื˜ืขืจ ืื’ืจืืจื™ืขืจ, ื ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื ืฒึทืขื ื“ืึธืจืฃ. 

-- ืืจื•ืกืืงืึธื•ื• ืคึผืื•ื•ืข? ื™ืขื•ื•ืกื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืžืื™ืึธืจ", --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืงื•ื•ื™ืจื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืกื•ื•ืขื’. ืคึผืื•ืฐื•ืขืœ ื™ืขื•ื•ืกื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืื˜ืจืืงื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืื˜ืจืืง. ื ืคืขืจืฆื ื™ืึธืจื™ืง ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธื˜ืจื™ืื“. ืฆื• ื–ืขื›ืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ื- 
ื ื™ื–ืื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืœื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธืฐืกืงืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื 
ืžืืฉื™ืŸ-ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจ-ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ืื™ื– ืจื•ืกืืงืึธื•ื• ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ. ืฆื•ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ืคึผื- 
ื•ื•ืขืœ ื™ืขื•ื•ืกื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืงืœื•ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืคึดื™ืœ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข, ืื– ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืœืขืงื˜ 
ืืฃ ืฆืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจ- 
ืœืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืืงืึธื•ื•ืก ืœืื ื“ืกืœืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ 
ืคืึธืจ ืฉืœืึธื’. 

--- , ืงืึธืคึผื™ืœืึธื•ื• ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื›ืฒื™ืœืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขื ืื ื˜",.--ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธ- 
ืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื™ื™ื ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ืข 
ืื•ื™ืกื™ึดืขืก... ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข ืงืึธืคึผื™ืœืึธื•ื• ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื›ืื•ืขืจ. ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜, ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜. ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืื˜ืืœื™ืึธืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข --- ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืคืืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ. 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. 
ืืฃ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ. ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืžื‘ืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจืงืข ื ื™ื ืงืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ึผื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื 
ื™ืขืกื•ื™ืžืข. ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืœืึธืฐื• ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืœืก ืืŸ ืื’ืจืึธื ืึธื ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ืื™ื’ื™ืง ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืžื™ืจื™ืื–ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืœืื ื“ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืืงืื“ืขืžื™ืข. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืœืึธื•ืก ืฆืืฐืึธืข. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื ืงืข ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื‘ื ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื’ืขื ื™ืื ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ื™ื‘- 
ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจืฃ, ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื”ื™ื™ื. ื–ื™ื ืื™ึดื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ. ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื ืฒึทื ื˜ืŸ ืงืœืืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืข -- ืงืจื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ--ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื ืข 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืฐื™ ื ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืฐืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒื™ ื ืฉืจืขืง- 
ืœืขื›ืข ืคื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜, ืื™ื™ื ืก ื“ืึธืก ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ. ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืœืึธืฐืก 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžื™ื˜ ืฉืึธืœืขื ืžืื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืฉื•ืœ, ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืื™ื’- 
ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืคืœืืงืขืจืŸ ื ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ืœื™ื‘ืข. 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืกืง ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•- 
ืžืขืŸ ื ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืขืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜, ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืข- 
ืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™. , ืœื™ื‘ืข ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืžืืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข, ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜- 
ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืฒึทื‘. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“- 
ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืœื™ื‘ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืก ื“ืึธืก ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืื–ื ืื™ื– ื–ื™, ืฐื™ืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืขืจืงืข ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข. ื–ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืืžืึธืœ 
ืžืื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืงื•ื ืฆืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจืœื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ. ืฐืฑื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ". 

ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื ืจืึธืžืืฉืงืข 
ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง-ืฐื™ึทืกืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก 
ื‘ืœื™ืžืœ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื™ึดืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืขื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜. 

,ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื™ื™ืฆืขื˜ ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข?"-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜: ,ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื”ื™ื™ื, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“-ื’ืขืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ืจ, ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืืคื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ,ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืื ื™ืข, ืื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜. ื”ืืœื‘ ืื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธืฐืกืง, 
. ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ". 

ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื•ืฑื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ืœื™ืง ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง"ื‘ื•ืš. 


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-- ,ืกืื›ืืจืึธื•ื•ื ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื•ืืกื™ืœื™ืขื•ื•ื ื,. ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืจืื ื’",.-= 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื™ื–, ืฐื™ ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข, ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ืข, ืงืœืื•ื•ืข, ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ื•ืฉืงืข, ืงืœืืฉืขื ืงืข ืกืื›ืืจืึธื•ื•ื. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืื™ึดื“ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื ื›ืืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืจืข ื ,ืงืึธื ืงื•ืจืขื ื˜ืงืข". ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ื, ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืื ื™ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืื ื™ืขื˜ืฉืงืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืื ื™ื•ืฉืงืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขึท- 
ื”ืื˜. ืืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืืฃ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื›ื- 
ืกืขื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ. 

ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืข ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืงืœืืฐื“ื™ืข: ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข,. ื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ื ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืข ืืฑื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืœืขื›ืข ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ืŸ, ื ืžืื™ืขืกื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื˜. 
ื ืคืจื•ื™ ---ื ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืŸ. ื–ื™ื ืื™ึดื“ืข,. ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฐื•ึผืงืก, ื ืžืึธื’ืขืจืœืขื›ืข, ื 
ื•ืฉื•ื•ืื•ื•ืข, ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื’ื™ืš, ืื–ื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ื™ืœื ื•ื•ืืจืคืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืžืฒึทืœืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ 
ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœ. ืฐื™ ืึธื–ืขืจืขืก? ื™ืึธ, ื•ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉืข ืœืืžื˜ืขืจื ืก?--ืื•ื•ืื“ืข. ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 
ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืจื•ื™ืข. ืงืืœื˜ืข. ื–ื™ ืงื•ืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžืขืกืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืข, 
ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข, ืฉื˜ื™ืคืขืจื™ืฉืข. ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคืœื™ื™ืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืฐื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื• ืžื•ื–ืกื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจืก ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข. ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืืฒึทืœืขื ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืข ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืฑื’ืŸ, ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืคืขืกื˜ืข ืœืึธื’ื™ืง. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, 
ืื– ืื“ืื ืง ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืคึผืขื“ื- 
ื’ืึธื’. ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื–ื™ ืืคืŸ ืคืืจืื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึดืงืŸ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื•ืœ-ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ. 

ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืงืข, ื ืคืืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืขื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื›ืืจืึธื˜ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืข ื’ืขื ื’. 

ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืื– ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืงื•ืจืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืื™ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืฆืขื ื˜, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•: ,ื•ื•ืื ื™ืข, ืื–ื ื ืืจ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืš, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืฃ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ืคืืจ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ. ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ, ืื– ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš 
ืจืฒึทืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ, ืคืืจืœื™ืจ ืื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง, ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ? ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืงื•ื™ืขืš. ื–ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื• ืงืึธื ืกื˜,. ื”ืืœื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ". 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืจืฒื™ึท ื™ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืคึผืœืึธืฐืกืง. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ. ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜. ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื›ืืกืขื ืข 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ืœื™ื‘ ื ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ. 

-- ื”ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืฃ, ืงืœืืฉืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจืฒึทืขืŸ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืœื™ื‘ืข ืงืœืฒึทื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ. 

-- ืื™ืš ืงืœืฒึทื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืื ื™ืข. ืื™ืš ืฐื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื“ืึธืก ืžืขื’ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืš? 

--- ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืืงืข ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜! ื‘ื ื–ื™ื ืื™ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื‘ืข ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืคืขืจื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืจื•ื™ึทืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจืก ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ. ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ื‘ืขืจื™ืข ืืฃ ืืœืฅ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ืงืœืืฐื“ื™ืข, ืฐื™ ื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ 
ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืึธื ื˜. ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืงืึธืžื™ืกืืจื™ืื˜, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜. 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคืจืขืกื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืื•ืŸ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœืึธืงืึธืœืืžืกืงืขืจ 
ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืŸ. 

- ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื–ืฐืึธื“. ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืขืฃ 

ืคื•ื ืขื ืขื•ื•ืืงืึธืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™- 
ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• 


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ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืš 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข-ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื‘ึผ 
ื ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืขืจืึธื™ึดื–ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืกืื ื™ื˜ืืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืฐืืงืึธืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ืœื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ: ,ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืžืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืื ื“ืฉืืคื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืกืื›ืืจืึธื•ื•ื, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืงืขืžืคื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืึธื•ืฆืขืก ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืคึผืื˜ืจืึธืŸ. ืืœืข ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืข- 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืฑื ืขืฃ". 

ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆื™ึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืœืืฐื“ื™ืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ 
ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื›ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืžืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื–ื ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“, ืฐื•ื™ ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ืขืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ,ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉืขืจื˜ ืื•ืžืฆื•- 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืงืœืื•ื•ื“ื™ึดืขืŸ", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืš 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง. 

--- ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง ื“ื™ืจ, ืงืœืื•ื•ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืื™ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืืฃ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก. 

;ื ืขื“ืึธืคึผืืกืึธื•ื• ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึท ื™ืขืคื™ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืข- 
ืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ: ืื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ื›'ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง,. ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืœื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ 
,;ืงืึธืžืกืึธืžืึธืœื™ืขืฅ?. ื ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืข- 
ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฑื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ืœืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื˜". 

-- ,, ื ืขื•ืžืขืœืึธื•ื• ืกืื•ื•ื ืงืึธื ื“ืจืื˜ื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ;ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื’ืื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื•ื™ืจื˜ , ื ื™ื™-ืœืขื‘ืŸ". ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ืขืจ ืœืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข 
ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ... ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจืžื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืœืขืฆื˜ืข. ื ืกื ืฒึทืคึผืขืจ! ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจืึธืฐืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜. ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืžื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ืืจืคืขืจืก ื‘ืืฉืึธืกืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืขืก.." 

-- , ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื ืึธื•ื• ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืกื˜ืืจืฉื™ื ื", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. ,ื ืœืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืก- 
ื ืึธื•ื•ืงืข,. ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืจืื“ื™ืึธื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง. ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืจืื“ื™ืึธ- 
ืื•ืคื ืขืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ. ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืจืคืกืœืฒึทื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืื“ื™ืึธื“ื˜ืจืื ืกืœื™ืืฆื™ืข. 
ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ืื– ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื ืงืึธืœ ืืฃ ื ืžืขื”ืืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ืงื™ืœืึธืžืขื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืœ. ื ืกืืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, 
ืื– ื‘ืื ืœืขืจืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ืืฃ ืื™ื ื ืงืขืกื˜ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืฉืคึผื•ืœืงืขืก, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจืึธื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื“ืืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืœ, ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื ื ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš 
ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืงืขืกื˜ืœ. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื›ืจื™ืคืขืŸ. 
ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš ืงืึธืœ: ;ืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืขืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ืžืึธืกืง- 
ื•ื•ืข. ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื ืกืœื™ืืฆื™ืข ืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืื“ื™ืึธื“ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ืืคืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื™ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ. 

ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืœืึธืคืŸ. ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผืจืขื›ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•- 
ืžืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ: /ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ! ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืกืึธืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜.. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืœืขืจืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื ื˜ื™ื›ืจื™ืกื˜, ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื!* ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜, ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ 
ืœืขืจืขืจ, ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืืฃ ืคึผื™ืฆืœืขืš ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืกื˜ืœ. ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื ืึธื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืืจืŸ ืืœืข ื˜ื™ืจืŸ. ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืฐื™ืœื“ืงืฒึทื˜ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฐื•ืขื’ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ",--- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธื“ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืขืฉืŸ. ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“, ื”ื™ื - 
ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืจืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืฐื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื™ืœืงืฒึทื˜. ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธ- 
ืจื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ืืœ. ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืš 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ืข ื˜ืึธื•ื•ืœืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. 

ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืจืฒืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืขืจื’ืขืฅ-ื•ื•ึผ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ. 
- ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ?. ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืก ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ-- 
ื ื™ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง.. 

ื™ืฉ "ื™ืฉื™ ื’ืข ืฆื™ืš 


ื™ืขื’ืึธืจ ืื™ืกืื™ืขื•ืฐ 


ืจืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ืงืึธืจืŸ 


(ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข) 


ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจื‘ืึธื ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื? 
ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, --- ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜. 
ื ื™ื˜ ืขืžืขืก! 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ, 

ื‘ื™ื– ืœืขื ืืฒึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ึผื 

ืขืก ืงืœืืคึผืŸ ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืขืžืขืฅ. 

ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ-ื•ื•ึผ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืจืฒื™ึทืขืŸ, 

ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–. 

ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ. 

ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ, 
ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑื™ืงื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืจืฒื™ืขืŸ, 

ืฐืขืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฑ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ 

ืžื™ืœื“ืข ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืึธื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื ืงืžืขืœืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™, 
ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ 

ืคื•ึนืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ 

ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืš ืคึผื™ืงืŸ. 
ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืื– ื ื“ืขื ืงืžืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก 
ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ 

ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืงืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืขืจื“ 

ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื ื’ืœืึธื‘ื•ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, 

ื“ื•ืจืš ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ ืคืœื™ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื”ืึธืจืข 

ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ื‘ืืœืขื‘ื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ 

ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืคืจื•ื™ --- ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจืฐืขืกืข ืื–ืงืึธืจืข. 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืฐืึธืจื™ื, 

ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜--- 

ื–ื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืขืก ื ื™ื˜, 

ืžืขื›ื™ืฆืขืก ืฆื™ ื˜ืืงืึธื ืขืก. 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ-- ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืœื™ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืงื™ื™ื˜ 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืžืึธื ืขืก. 
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, 

ืฐืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜, 
ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš 

ืืœืฅ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืข'ื ื˜ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฉืืœืŸ ืืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืฒึทื˜, 
ืฐื™ ืคืึธื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืจื™ื’ 
ืคืืจื“ืืžื˜ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ. 


ื ืคึผื•ื™ืœื™ืฉืข, 

ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข, 

ืึธื˜ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืŸ 

ื ื˜ืฉืขื›ื™ืฉืข, ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืื ื™ืฉืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš,. ืืœืฅ ื ืฒึทืขืจ, 

ื ืึธืจ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืžืข ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืื ื“ -- 

ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ืจืคึผื•ึนืจ-ืจืฑื˜ืŸ ืคืฒึทืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื’, 

ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืœืื 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 
ืึธื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืื 

ืืฃ ืื™ืจืข ืืงืกืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืขืžืœื™ืื˜ืฉืงืข, 

ืื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ 

ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืจ ืื ื’ืกื˜, 

ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•, ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื–ืข... 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืื ืกืง? 
ื ื•ื•ืขืฉืขืจืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืœื•ื–ืข?.. 


ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜. 
ืึธืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ, ืึธืŸ ืจื•, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ 

ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื ืก --- : 

ืคืืจ ืฉืึธืœืขื ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ึดืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืžืขืœืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงืึธืฐื•ืขื“ ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืœื™ืกืงืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืคืขืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืงื ื™ืขืŸ. 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืŸ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืœืื’ืขืจืก, ื’ืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, 

ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืงืฐืึธืจื™ื -- 


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ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื’ืข ื‘ื™ื– ืœื-ืžืื ืฉ, 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืจ ืึธืŸ 
ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ--- 

ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื‘ืื ืจื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื ื”ืœ ,ืจืขื•ื•ืื ืฉ!" 


ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืžืืคึผืขืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืงืจื•ืคึผืŸ ืฉืžื™ื“ืŸ ื ืฒึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข-ื›ืฒึทืข ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืจื•ื“ื ืข ืœืืคึผืขืก 

ืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ ืื•ึผืŸ ืงืขืจ. 

ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื‘ืื ืจื™ื™ืŸ--- 

ืจื•ืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืื–ืงืึธืจืข ืฆื• ื‘ืื–ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ--- 

ืขืก ืจืฒึทืคื˜ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืฉืึธืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืื›ื–ืื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, 

ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืฒืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืŸ 

ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ื•ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืข ืคืจื•ื™, 

ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜; 

ืคืืจ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ --- ืฐืึธืก? 

ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข-ืฉืœืืง ืฆื™ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืกื˜, ืžืขืจ 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜.., 


ืก'ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ-ืฉืฒื™ึทืŸ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื–ืจืขืš ื–ื™ืš ื ื’ืึธืก, 

ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื‘ืืฐืึธืจื ื˜. 
ืืฃ ืกืคึผืืกืขืจ ื˜ื•ืจืขื ื–ืขืงืก ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜, 
ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืžืฒึทื ืขื 

ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืœื“ ืฆืขืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, 

ื ื”ืึธื ืขืŸ-ืงืจื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื’ืข ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜, 
ืึธื˜ื™ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 

ืืคืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืฆืขื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืค. 

ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜, 

ื“ืขืจ- ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืืš, 

ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ 

ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื ืึธืจ -- ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 

ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ---ืฐื•ื™ ืคื™ืฉืขืœืขืš ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข -- 

ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ -- ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ืœืขืฉื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก. 

ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืฆื•ื ืฉืจืื ืง; 

ืึธ. ื–ืข, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ --- ื–ืขืงืก, 

ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘ -- ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ื’ื•ื˜ -- 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื•ื˜ืขืจื‘ืจืึธื“ืŸ 


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ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื”ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ: 

ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื˜ืจืึธื˜.-- 

ืื™ืŸ ืžืืจืฉ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ. 

ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜. ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 

ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜... ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืฃ! 

ื ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื˜ืจืึธื˜. 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื˜ืจื™ื˜, 

ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื”ืืงืŸ. 

ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ, ื–ืขื˜ ืขืจ, ืœืึธื˜ืข ื’ื™ื˜, 

ื ื‘ืœืืกืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงืŸ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืฃ. 
--- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก? -- ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืœืึธื˜ืข. 
ืฆื•ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธืจืกื˜ ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ: 
ื ื• ื™ืึธ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื›ืึธื˜ืข! 


ื ืจื™ื™ ื ืึธืš ืจื™ื™, 

ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’, 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืกื™ื --- ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืงืืกืงืขืก, ืฐื•ื™ ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง 
ื ืงื™ืขื ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. 

ื ืกื˜ืจืึธื™ ื ืึธืš ืกื˜ืจืึธื™. 

ื ืกื˜ืจืึธื™ ื ืึธืš ืกื˜ืจืึธื™. 

ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื™ืœืขืžืก ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ืจืŸ. 

ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืืžืึธืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ึผื ืงื˜ ืื–ื•ื™: 
ืžืืจืฉื™ืจืŸ --- ืื™ื– ืžืืจืฉื™ืจืŸ! 

ื ื•ื–ืฐืึธื“ ื ืึธืš ืฐื–ืฐืึธื“. 

ื ืฐื–ืฐืึธื“ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื–ืฐืึธื“. 

ืื™ืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืฒึทืกืŸ.. 


ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืฆื•, ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืกืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ? 

ื ื•, ืึธื˜ -- 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื›ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืข! ืขืก ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ 

ื“ืึธืš ืืœืข ืงืืœืขื ื“ืืจืŸ.. ืฆึดื™ 

ื’ืึธืจ ืขืคืฉืขืจ --ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื™ืง, 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘? 

ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™-- 

ืฐื™ ื™ืขื ืข, ืฉืคึผืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืกื™ืง, 

ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื ื™ืจ -- ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื– ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื™ื–, 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืง, ืคืขืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจ.. 


ืฉื! ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืึธืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ื ืงืขืจ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื™ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, ืื•ึผืŸ ืงืจืขืžืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข? 

ื ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื˜ืจืึธื˜ -- 

ื ืคืœื™ืืกืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืข... 


ืขื“ื™ื˜:-ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘;ื” ืขืจ 


ืฐื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ ื˜ ืขืœืคึผื•ื’ืึทืฐ 


ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ 


ืืœืข ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืืฉื™ืŸ 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืฐืึธื“, 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ-ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜, 
ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืœืข- 
ื ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ. ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืืฃ ืคืจืื’ืขืก, 
ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืฒึทืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืึธืคื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืคืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ, ืืœืฅ 
ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืื“ืŸ. ืœืข- 
ื ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืข- 
ื ื™ืฉืŸ -- ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ื™ื’ืœื“ื™ืงืข, ืจืื“ื™ืึธ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ-ื•ื•ึผ,. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ ,ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ืื•ืจืงื•ื•ืืœ" ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืืžืข ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ื˜ืืงื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืื˜ืขื’ื™ืข. 

ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืขืก 
ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขื–ืฉื•ืจืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉืก ืื•ืค- 
ื ืื-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ื ื’ืขื’ืืจื˜ืŸ 
ืฆื•ืคืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืืฃ ื ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื‘ืจืขื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื–ืืฐืึธื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ,ื“ืขื–ืฉื•ืจื ืข" ืื™ื– ื‘ื- 
ื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’-ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืงืืจื“ื™- 
ื ืืœืข ืคืจืื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข. ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื–, ืฆื•ื ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ?, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื‘ืืœื“ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื•ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฃ 


ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืขืจ ืืจ- 
ื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜. 

ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืก-ื–ืืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคึผ, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ 
ื‘ืืœื“ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ึนืขืœ- 
ื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื. ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜: 

--- ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื•- 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜! 

--- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืืฒึทืš, ื•ื•ืœื- 
ื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ! 

--- ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ืืจืงืึธืžืื˜ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื’- 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ. 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืื ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืคืึธืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืงืึธืžื™ืกืืจื™ืื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื•ืฐืฐื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜: 

--- ืฐืึธืก? ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ? 

-- ื™ืึธ, ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื•ืึธืš ืฆื•" 
ืจื™ืง. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ืฉืึธ.. 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืกื˜ืœ- 
ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื ืฉืึธืงืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืคืืจ- 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื•ืžืคืืจืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš. ื“ืขืจ ื ืืจ- 
ืงืึธืžืื˜ืึธืฐื•ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ืคื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ. ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึธืคึผ- 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคึผ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืขื ืข, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. 


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ื‘ืื ืกืืžืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ. ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืข, ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื ืืจืงืึธ- 
ืžืื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ. 

-- ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ืจืข 
ื ื™ื˜?--ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืฉืึธืงืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. -- ื˜ืึธ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ืฉืึธ, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜. 

ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ 
ืืฃ ืื™ื, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื‘ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืจืืคึผื˜ืึธื 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ืืจืงืึธืžืื˜; 

-- ื”ืขืจื˜, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ. ื•ื™ ืžืฒืฒื ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื˜ื•ื™ื’ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ืืœื‘ืขืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืื˜ืฒื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ืœื™ืžื•ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืœืึธื’ื™ืฉ. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ 
ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื–ืขืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืคืืจืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ืฉื˜ืึธืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ื™ืœ 
ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืึธืคึผืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ. 
ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื’ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืœื™ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืคื™ืจ ืคืขืจื“ 
ื ืืฉืคึผื™ืฅ? 

--- ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก, ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜. 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ, ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง 
ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืงืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื‘ื™- 
ื˜ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืจืฒื™ื“ืŸ ---ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ? 

-- ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš, ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, ื 
ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ืืฒึทืขืจืข... 

-- ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ื ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื™ืงืข!--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ. --- ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™- 
ื ื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืข ืžืืกืฉื˜ืื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก. ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ื- 
ืจืข. ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืึนืฃ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ 
ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ื’ื•ื˜? ืื–ื•ื™ืืจื•ื, ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

-- ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜, ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, ืฐื•ึผ 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื•ืขืœืŸ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ 


ืขืจืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื™ืกืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื–ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืื™ืขืจ ื ืืจ- 
ืงืึธืžืื˜ ืื™ื– ืื–ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ? 

ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื- 
ื ืขืŸ. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ื“ืขืจ- 
ืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’. ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜: 

-- ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืจืฒึทื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืืฒึทืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ? 

--- ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜, ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืื ืฉืึธืคืขืจ. 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก: 
ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืœืขืš, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ. ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜, ื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืคืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ,. ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืืจืฒึทื ื–ืขืฆืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืืœืข ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืึธืจืŸ. ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ื‘ื 
ืืฒึทืš. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืึธืจื’ืื ื™- 
ื–ืืฆื™ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืœืึธื’ื™ืฉ? ื ืึธืš 
ื ืžื™ืŸ ืœืึธื’ื™ืฉ!---ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฒึทื ืคืืœ, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืืจ- 
ืงืึธืžืื˜ืึธืฐื•ืขืฅ ืฆื•ื ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืŸ 
ืื•ืžื‘ืืžืขืจืงื‘ืืจืŸ ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื•ืžืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืœืึธื“ืขื ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ืจื™ืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื– ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืŸ 
ืืœืฅ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ. 

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืจืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืข- 
ื ื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฉืึธืคึผืขืจ; 

-- ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืคึผืœืืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืกืึธืจืŸ, ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื ืขื ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœื“ ืืฃ 
ื–ื™ืš. 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืืคืŸ ืฉืึธืคืขืจืก 
ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ื. ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืืจืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜. ื‘ื ืื™ื ื’ื•ืคืข, ื‘ื ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– 


+-ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ืข, 


ืืฒึทืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืื ืงื‘ืืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ. ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืจ, ื˜ื™ื™- ; ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜! 


ื“ื™ ืคืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืข 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ืื–ื ืื - 
ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ -- ,ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืขื˜ืฉืื˜*. ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื˜ื•ื•ืขืจืกืงืื™ื-ื’ืืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื– 
ื ื•ืž. 38. ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืืก ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื ื•ืž. 28 ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื - 
ื“ืขืจืข ืื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ 


20 


ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืื“ืจืขืก: ื˜ืฐืขืจืกืงืื™ื, 28. ืื™ืŸ 
9+--1921 ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธ. ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึนืฃ 
ื’ืจืืžืึธืคืึธืŸ-ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืขืก ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ืฉื˜ื™ื. 

ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืขืžืœ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข. ืฉืฐืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืืจื™- 


ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืืคึผืืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™- 
ืงืืฆื™ืขืก. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืกืึธืคืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ ื’ืข- 
ืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืื–ื™ืจืŸ ืืฃ ื˜ื•ื•ืขืจืกืงืื™ื. ืฐืึธืก 
ืืŸ ืขืžืขืก, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉืืคืŸ ืœืขื ื™- 
ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืงืœืึธืคึผืึธื˜,. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืฆืขื ื˜- 
ืจืึธืคึผืขื˜ืฉืื˜? ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื ื˜ืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืขืก. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืงืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

-- ืคืืจ ื ื ื•ืฆืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืœืข- 
ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ืึธืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื–ื•ื™ืืจื•ื, ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื! ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™? 

ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• 
ืคืืจืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ื“ืจืฒึทืฆืŸ ืจืขื“ืขืก, ื ,ื•ืขื - 
ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืืจืžื™ื™", ,ืฐืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ืื™ื– 
ืจืื˜ื ืžืื›ื˜", ,ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ- 
ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœ", , ืฆื• ื™ืืงืึธื•ื• ืกืฐืขืจื“ืœืึธื•ื•ืก ืึธื - 
ื“ืขื ืง", ,ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœืคึผื•ืขืจื™ื", ,ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื“ืขืจื ืขืจื•ื ื’ืก-ืฉื˜ืฒึทืขืจ", ,ื ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืจืื“ื™ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื’ื- 
ืจื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืฅ- 
ื ืขื ืงืจื™ื’ืกื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ื›ืื•ืขืจ 
ื‘ืขืœื ืงื•ืŸ". 

ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ืก'ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฐื•ื•ื - 
ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ืฉื˜ื™ื, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ , ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืฅ- 
ืกืฉืื˜" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืœืึธื– ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื–ืืฐืึธื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืืจ- 
ืžื™ื™ื™ึดืฉืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ. ืž'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื˜ื•ื•ืขืจืกืงืื™ื, 
8 ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ืืฐืขืง- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืืžืึธืคืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ืคืœืืกื˜ื™ื•- 
ืงืขืก. ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ืข ืœึตืข- 
ื ื™ื ืก, ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ 

-- ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ! ืืœืข ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืŸ 
ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืื˜ื•ื: -- ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืข ืจื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. 

ืฐืึธืก ื ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืึธื›ืคืจืขื’ ืืฃ ื“ื™ืกืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ืงืึธืœ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™- 
ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื˜ื™- 
ืจืื–ืฉืŸ, ืžืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ. ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืื™ืŸ 
ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืืคึผืจืขืœืขื•ื•ืงืขืจ ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืกืง- 
ื•ื•ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืจืืฐืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืžื•ื–ื˜ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง--ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ- 
ื’ืจืื“. 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืžื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ , ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืขื˜ืฉืื˜". 

ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืœืืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืข- 


ื“ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืข 
ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš ื“ืจื™ื™ 
ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืงื™ื“ืขืจ-ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ -- ืก'ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ... ื“ื™ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืข ืืคึผืืจืื˜ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืž- 
ืจื•ื™ึดืง, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจื˜. ืืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื˜. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง, ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืข- 
ืกืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ; 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืคืจื™ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ื 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜, ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜. 
ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ, ืื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืื’ืื ื“ืข ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ื™- 
ื›ืœืืœ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš. 
ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืคึผื•ืฑืขืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืืจืžื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื™ืœืŸ 
ื“ืึธืš ื”ืขืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ-- 
ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™, 
ื“ื™ ืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืจืขื“ืŸ, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง? 

-- ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืื–ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ. ื ืึธืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืžืื›ื˜ 
ื”ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืœ. ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•- 
ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ -- ื“ื™ ,ื›ืึธื“ืึธืงืขืก". 

-- ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ืขืจื ืกื˜? ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื˜ืืงืข?---ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืฉืžื•ืจืขื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืฉืžื•ืจืขื˜. 

-- ื™ืึธ, ืื–ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ. ืคืจืขื’ื˜ 
ื‘ื ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜. 

-- ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ 
ืกื˜ืืจืขืŸ. 

ื ืคืืจื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ 
ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืกื”ืขืจืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืืžืึธืœ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ 
ืคืจืขื’ืŸ, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืœ ืขื ืœืขืš, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืคืืจืฐื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืงืกืœืขืŸ, ืื•ื‘ 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื™ืึธ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื ืœืขืš, ืื– 
ืก'ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื- 
ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืึธื ืืฆื™ืขืก. ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื - 
ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื“ืข ,ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœืคื•ื™ืขืจื™ื". 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื ื•ืžืœื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื ืคืืจื“ืจื™ืกืœืข- 
ื›ืขืจ ืฆื•ืคืืœ. ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืกืŸ 
ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ืจื™ื™ืš- 
ื˜ืึธืขืก. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง. ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืคืกื ืฒึท ืคืืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืข, 
ื ืึธืจ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืขืจ 
ื–ืึธืœ ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•- 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื: ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง 


27 


ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืขืœืŸ ื˜ื•ืœืขืคึผืœ? ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื–ื, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืœืื“ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜. 

ื ืื“ืขื–ืฉื“ื ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜, ื”ืืœื˜ื - 
ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืื•ืคื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ืŸ 
ื˜ืฉืฒึทื ื™ืง, ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ- 
ืžืึธื ืขืŸ: 

-- ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธ- 
ืœืึธื“ื™ืข. ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืœืข ืœืื“ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•- 
ื’ืืกื˜. 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, 
ื ืื“ื™ืขื ืงืข, ืื–ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืข ื‘ืึธืจื“ ื‘ื ืื™ื, ืื–ื•ื™ื ืข 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื ืื™ื, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ื–, ืขืžืขืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฒึทื›ืข, 
ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื’ืขืจืืžืข, ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข, ืื–ื•ื™ ืื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ืงืœืขืงืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. 

-- ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืื›ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ? 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ 
ืขืจืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืึธ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื ืื“ื™ืขื ืงืข. ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜, 
ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืŸ. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืฉื•ืœื’ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื–ื ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ืฐื™ ืื™ืš. ืื•ืŸ 
ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจืฒึทืœืขืš ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื’ืขืจืื--ื ืกืืš ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืงืึธืŸ 
ืืจื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ, ื’ื•ื˜, ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ, ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™- 
ืœื™ื˜ืฉ. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜,-- ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื•ืžืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื ืื“ืขื–ืฉื“ื ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™- 
ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื - 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืŸ. -- ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืจื•, ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข. 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืฐื™ื’ืŸ, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ื™ืœื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ 
ืฉืืœื›ืœ ืืงืกืœืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ื ืึธืจ ืคืขืกื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜; 

-- ืงืœื™ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื˜ืืงืข ื‘ืืœื“. 
ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืžืขื›ืื‘ืขื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืกืืžืึธื•ื•ืืจ! 

ืื™ืŸ ื ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ืฉืึธ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคึผืฑืขืจ ืฉื•ืœื’ื™ืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกื˜ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ 
ื‘ืื ื’ืื ืขืง, ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื ืกืืš 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ืขื ืง, ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืคึผืึธื ืขื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
- ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื“ืขื–ืฉื“ื 
ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ 


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ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืขืžืขืก ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื ืกืืžืึธื•ื•ืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืžืขืฉ 
ื’ืขื‘ืœืื ืงื˜. 

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ, ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื ืงืขืจืึธืกื™ืŸ-ืœืึธืžืคึผ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืืœืฅ ื–ืขืŸ --- ืกืฒึท ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืคึผืขื ืขืžืขืจ ื‘ื 
ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืกื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืื•ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ืข ืื™ื’ืŸ 
ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ืœืขืงืึธืฐืขื“ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื™ื™ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืžืืœื™ืขื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ 
ื˜ื™ืฉื˜ืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืืŸ 
ืืœื˜-ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜. 

ื ืื“ืขื–ืฉื“ื ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก 
ืื•ื™ืš,. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš,. ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืจื™ื ื’ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืžืื ืก ืขืœื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ื’ื™ื‘ ื ืึธืจ ื ืงื•ืง. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื˜ืืงืข 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–! ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืึธืงืœ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืจื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜, 
ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื‘ืœ ื’ื™ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, -- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, -- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื- 
ื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืืจื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ-- ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉื ื™ื™ โ€ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื’ืื ื’ืขืฃ 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜, ื“ืขืจ- 
ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื‘ื 
ืฉื•ืœื’ื™ื ืขืŸ: 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜-ืคืจืื’ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ 
ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’-ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’? 

--- ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืื– 
ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขื ื•ื’, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก, -- 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืืฒึทืš. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืึธื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืฐืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืจืื˜ื ืžืื›ื˜. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 
ืืจื•ื, ืื•ื™ื‘, ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืืจื•ื.. 

--- ืื–ื•ื™. ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ื™ืš, --- ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื›ื˜ืŸ ืจืื˜ืŸ-ืฆื•- 
ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจืฉื˜ ืคืืจืขื - 
ื“ื™ืงื˜, ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ 
ืคืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืœืื ื“, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืขืก ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื‘ืฒึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืกื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืฑืขืจื™ื, . 
ืกืฒึท ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ. 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืึธืคืŸ,. ืขืจืœืขืš, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 


ืคื™ืจื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืž- 
ืคึผื™ืง ืืื•ื•. ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ืืŸ 
ืขืžืขืก. ื ืึธืจ ืขืžืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ืœื- 
ื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืœื“ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืขืคึผืขืก 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžืข 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื•ืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืจืืงื™ืจื˜ืข ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื - 
ืงืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืง- 
ื–ืื, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื›ื™ื˜ืจืข ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื•- 
ื“ื™ืข: 

-- ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ? 
ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืœืขืŸ ื•ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืคึผื™ืง? ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืฆื•- 
ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืฃ ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืืœืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื•ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืข- 
ื“ืข ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืคืกื ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ืฆืฒึทื’ื˜, ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื˜ืึธืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ. 

ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืจืืงื™ืจื˜ืข ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื•ืึธืก 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืืคืŸ ืกืืžืข ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืœืื–ืฉ, ื–ื™ 
ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“-ื˜ืึธืขืก, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืงื•- 
ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืข, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืจืืงื™ืจื˜ืข ืคึผืœืืก- 
ื˜ื™ื ืงืข, ,ื“ื•ืจื›ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ" ื–ื™ ืคื•ื ืขื ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 
ืกืึธืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืื›ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 
ืฐื•ึผ ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ื“ืจืฒึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ,ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืคืึธืœื’ื˜". ืื ื•ืžืœื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ืคืืจืคื™ืจื˜ 
ืื–ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก: 

--- ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ, ืฉืขื ืงื˜ 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืจืืงื™ืจื˜ืข ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืข ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืขืงืฆื™ืข. ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื–ื ื’ืข- 
ืคืขืœื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ? 

ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•- 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืจืขืื’ื™ืจืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฉืคึผืืก. 


ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ 


ื™ืื ื•ื•ืืจ 1921. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืขื - 
ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ืข ืจืื˜ืŸ-ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ื‘ื- 
ืจื™ืžื˜ืข ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš 
ืฆืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜: ,ืงืึธืžื•- 
ื ื™ื–ื -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืจืื˜ื ืžืื›ื˜ ืคึผืœื™ื•ืก ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™- 
ืคื™ืงืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœืื ื“". 

ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืกืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ, ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ 
ืฆื• ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ื ืงืึธืœืึธืกืืœืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืคื•ึนืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธื - 


ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึธืŸ 
ืฉื•ื ืื™ืจืึธื ื™ืข: 

-- ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžื™ืจ 
ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ื’ืจืืžืึธืคืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข 
ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ืข ,ื“ืจื•ืงืคืข- 
ืœืขืจืŸ". ื ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ื–ืืš --- ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื ื•ืฆืœืขื›ืข! ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืžืืกืงื™ื? 

ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸืฃ 

-- ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืื–ื•ื™. ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืฒึทืขืš ืฆื• ืืž- 
ืคึผืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื›ืืฐืขืจ ืืฑื™ืš ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’. ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜! ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืžื™ืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืขืก ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ 
ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืื™ื– ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ 
ื ืจื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš, 

ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืืงืึธืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– 
ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืข ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ. ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜, 
ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ , ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ" ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืจืืžืึธืคืึธืŸ. 

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคืœื- 
ืกื˜ื™ื ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜. ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืืœืฅ ืื– ื ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืืฒื ืžืึธืœ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ. 

ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืง, ืขืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜, 
ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืฅ- 
ื˜ืขืžืคึผื˜, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืขืžืคึผื˜. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ืฉืืจืคืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื˜ืข ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’-ืคืขื“ืขืจ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืงืœืึธืจ, ืจื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš ืœืข- 
ื ื™ื ืก ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืฐืึธืจื˜, 


ืฐืขื˜ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืึทื ืืœ. 
ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฑื™ื˜ืขืจ ืืจืžื™. 
ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื˜ื ืžืื›ื˜.. 


ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืื ื“ืขืจืฉืŸ 


ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ? ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจืงื™? ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืœืฒึทืš, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืœืฒื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’? ื™ืึธ, ื˜ืืงืข 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš, ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธื™ 

ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ึฐื˜, ืคืึธืจื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจืงื™. 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ื- 
ืฉืœืึธืกืŸ. ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื’ืฉื˜ื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืืœื‘ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ืข ืืฑื’ืŸ 
ืคืืจื‘ืฒึท ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืื“ืขื–ืฉื ื“ื 
ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื ืจื•ืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึทืŸ 

-- ื ืื“ื™ืขื ืงืข, ื“ื• ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผื•ื™ืขืจ 


'99 


ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜. ืขืจ 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืื–ื ืงืืคึผืขืœืข ,ืคืขืคืขืจ", ืืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ื ืึธืจ 
ืื•ื™ืก. ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืืœืข ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ืขืก, ืฐื•ึผ- 
ื”ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืขืจืขืฐืขื˜, ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ื™ืง 
ืจืขืื’ื™ืจื˜, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•- 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืœืขืš. ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืืฆื˜. 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจืฒื™ื›ืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืฑืขืจื™ื ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจ, ืืœืข ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜, 
ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ื ืกืืš ืžืขืจ, ืื•ื•ืขืง- 
ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, ืื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืคื™ืงืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ 
ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธืžืคึผ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืืœืงืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜, ื“ื™ 
ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ 
ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ- 
ื ื™ืฉ.. 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคืืจ- 
ืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื”ืืงืŸ ืคื™ื™ืขืจ. ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืคื™ืงืืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ,. ืื™ื– ื ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก! 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื. 

ื‘ืื ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉืข ืœืขืžืคึผืœ 
ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืกื˜ืข ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจืงื™. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืืœืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ 
ื“ืขื. 

ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื”ื™ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ื ืคืืจื–ื•ื ืงืขื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. 

ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœื™ื’ื˜ 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜. ื ืกืืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš. ื ื- 
ื“ืขื–ืฉื“ื ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืข- 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื–ืฒึทื™ื ืข ื•ืฑืฒื™ื›ืข ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื˜ืจื™ื˜. ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืืŸ 
ื‘ืื ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ืฉ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืžืื ืก ืืงืกืœืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ื ืก ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 


ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืืžืึธืœื˜ ืžึดื™ื˜ึฐ ืขืคืขืก ืžืขืฉื•ื ืขื“ื™ืงืข 
ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ืก. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข? ื•ืึธืก 
ื˜ื•ืกื˜ื•? 

ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืืฃ 
ื ืื“ืขื–ืฉื“ื ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ืขืก ื”ืขื ื˜. 

--- ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื™ื’ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ืขืจ, 
ืขืžืขืก?--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืข- 
ืคืจืขื’ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก 
ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ืึธื ืžืึธืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื›ืขืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืคื™- 
ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื’ืึธืจืงื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ. 

-- ืื•' ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืœื™ื ื™ืข? 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืฒึทืš ืคึผืื›ืจื. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืงืขืœืขืš? ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ 
ื“ืึธ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ.. 

--- ื ืื“ื™ืขื ืงืข, ื“ื• ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืœืื›ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ... ืกื˜ืฑื™ืคึผืขืก,. ืขืžืขืกืข ืกื˜ื•ื™ืคึผืขืก. ืื™ืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ 
ืขืก ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข. ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš, 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืคืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืกื˜ื•ื™ืคึผืขืก 
ืืŸ ืขืจืขืš.+ 

ื ืื“ืขื–ืฉื“ื ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืื ืฅ ืคืขืกื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืฃ 

--- ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืœ ืกื˜ื•ืคึผืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืขืœืขืš, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืš 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืค- 
ืฉืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• 
ื–ื™ืš ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ? ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื™ืจ ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจืื ื“ืขืจืฉืŸ, ื“ื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืกื˜ ืžื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ื- 
ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ืจ. 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ึน ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ื ืก ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืงืขืœืขืš, ื–ื™ื™ ืืจื™ื™ื - 
ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืคืงืข. 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืื“ืขื–ืฉื“ื ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜: 

-- ืึธื˜ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืื ื“ืขืจืฉืŸ. ืœืื›ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜. 

ืฐื™ ืกื™ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉืก 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉืข ืœืขืžืคึผืขืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื - 
ื’ืขืฆื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื“ืึธืจืฃ ื’ืึธืจืงื™,. ืืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื˜ืฒึทืš ืคึผืื›ืจื ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ. 1921 
ื™ืึธืจ. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืืœืข, ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 


ืืŸ ืืจื“ื‘ืขืขืกื˜ืึธื’ 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืึธืœื“ืŸ, ืื– ืฆื• ืื™ื 
ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื™ืคืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ: 


0 


-- ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜!. 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืฆื•ืึธืจื“ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื’ืข- 
ื’ืขื ื™ืฉ? 

--- ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ 


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ืฆืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืคึผื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ, 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข.. 

-- ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜--ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? 

-- ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืžื•ื– 
ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืŸ ื ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ื•ืจ-ืคึผืึธืจื˜- 
ืจืขื˜. 

ื ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืคืœืื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ื- 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก 
ื’ืขื”ืขื›ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ 
ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื; 

--- ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืžืื˜ืขืจ- 
ื ื™ืฉ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ. ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืžื•ื–ืขืก -- ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืœ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 
ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืข, ืื– ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืจืŸ ืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ. ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ 
ื•ื•ืขื–ื– ื“ืขืจืฐื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ 
ืžื™ืจ ื ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืข ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜, 
ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืœื™ื™ื ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื”ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜? ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, 

-- ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื“ืืžืข, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื 
ืคืจืื’ืขืก ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื™ืŸ- 
ื’ืขืŸ ,ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืจืŸ". ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืจืขืคื•ืข ื ื™ื˜! 

ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืข- 
ื™ื˜ืึธืšืŸ; 

-- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ 
{ืื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืœืื’ืข. ืžืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ 
ืงืึธืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ื‘ืืฉื™ืฆื˜ 
ืžื™ืš ืืฃ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืขืจ. ื‘ื- 
ื™ืฉื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืš! 

ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ,ืืฃ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ" ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜, ืื– 
ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื•ื™- 
-ื ื™ื˜-ืื™ื– ืืฒึทื ื’ืฒืŸ, ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข, ื“ืึธืก ืกืืžืข 
ื™ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ, 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืง 
-ื‘ืื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ื™ืฆื•ื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื•ื™ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ 
ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฉืข ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ 
!ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ? 

-- ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืืฒึทืš 
'ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื ืื-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ... 

| -- ืื•ึผืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืืžืข, 
ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ ืคึผืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ? 

5 ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, 

: ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ. 


ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืฃ 
ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ื- 
ืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ืคื ืื-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื 
ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ ื’ืข- 
ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข ืงืขืกืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืžืขืจืœืขืš. 

;ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื™ืขื ืขืจ, ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืคืขืœืŸ ื ื”ืึธืจ!"--- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื”ืขืคืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืืžืข, ื–ื™ืš ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืคืืจื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, 
ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

-- ืึท ื™ืึธ. ื”ืขืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ, ืึธ ื™ืึทื™ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ 
ืืœืฅ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜: ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืคืจืื’ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ 
ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืจืŸ... 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ืžืื“ืื. ื›'ื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœ- 
ื“ื™ืงืŸ.. 

-- ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืžื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืคื™ืœืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ 
ืคืืจืœืื ื’, ื”ืขืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ, 

-- ื“ืืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ 
ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš. 

ื‘ืืœื“ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื - 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืืจืžื™ื™ืขืจ -- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื”ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื ืก ืงืขืกื˜- 
ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืงื•ืจืื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืคืŸ ื“ื™ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืคืจื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ. ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ--ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ื•ื™ื™- 
ื˜ืขืจ, ืื–ื•ื™, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืึธื‘ืื›ื˜ืŸ. 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. 
ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ---ืื•ื™ืš. 

ื‘ืœืฑื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธืจืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื•ืœืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื ืก ืขืžืขืจืœืขืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜. 

ืืœืข ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืืง ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธืจื“ืข- 
ื ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืœืข- 
ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจ- 
ื›ืืกืžืขื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ืืงืก ืงืึธื ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ, ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธืคึผืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืฑื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืคืืจืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืคืืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš 
ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืžืข 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธื ื™ืฉ ืคืืจื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืงื•ืจืฅ 


21 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ืึธืคึผืžืขืจืงื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฅ-ื‘ื™ื›ืœ. 

ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ืึธืคื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื–ืขืจืก 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืขืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืกื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. 

ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืคึผืจืืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื" 
ืงืื ื˜. ื ืงื•ืจืฅ ืฐืฒึทืก ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ, ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืื•ืคืžืขืจืง- 
ื–ืืžืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ-ื’ืœืขื–ืขืจ. ืœืข- 
ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืœื“ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื ืฉืคึผืืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื“ืขืจ- 
ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืฃ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ -- 
ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ืื™ื•ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ --- ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื”ืื›- 
ื ืึธืขื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ื‘ื™ื– 
ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื’ืืจื˜ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. 
ืึธืคืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฒึทืก. ืื™ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜. 

ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก 
ืคืืจ ื ื“ืขืจืขื›ืขืจืขืฅ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ืข ื”ืื ื˜, ืคืึธืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™. ื™ืข- 
ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ื- 
ื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ: 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ, ื”ืึธืฃ ืื™ืš, ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ืึธืคึผื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืœืึธื– ื˜ื™ื™, ืžืื“ืื? 

ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉืขืžื˜. ืœืขื ื™ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ: 

-- ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ --- ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืœืขื–ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™. ื”ื™ื™- 
ืกืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ,. ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข. 

ืื™ืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืงื™ืœื‘ืœืขืš. 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืœืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจืคืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 
ื˜ืฑื˜ ืžื™ื“, ืžื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืืฑื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื™ืก ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืงืฒืŸ ืงื™ืจืฆืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืข- 
ืจืฒึทืก, 

ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื ื˜ืืฅ ืฆืฐื™ื™ 
ื’ืœืขื–ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™. ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืข, 
ืฐื•ื™ ืขืก ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก. 

--- ืืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ:-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ, ื“ืขืจื–ืขืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื™ ืืคืŸ ื“ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืข- 


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ื–ืขืจ ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืคึผื™ืฆื™ื ืงืข ืฐืฒึทืกืข ืคึผื™ืจืืžื™ื“- 
ืงืขืก.---ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืื ืง! ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขื›ืื‘ืขื“, 
ืžืื“ืื. 

ืคืืจื–ื•ื›ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ. ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืœืขืคืขืœืข ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืกืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 

ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ืก- 
ืœืขื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

--- ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 
ืืจื•ื, ืžืื“ืื. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ -- ื’ืื ืฆืข ื“ืจืฒึท. ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ืึธืš 
ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ -- ื“ื™ ืื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข, ื“ืขื 
ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืืœืข 
ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืง. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ. 

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ื ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืฉืึธ, ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืงื•ื™ืขืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜. 

--- ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ, ื”ืขืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ. 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜. ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื›- 
ืฉื˜ืขื‘ืœืขืš ื ืึธืš ื ืฉืึธ. ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืขื - 
ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืžืขืก? ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึธ, 
ืžืื“ืื? 

--- ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืฉืึธ. ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืืฃ 
ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜. 

ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ, 

ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜, ืื– 
ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืžื•ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืคืืจืงืขืจืคึผืขืจืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ-ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ,. ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื’ื•ืคืข. ืื•ืคื›ืืคึผืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื™ื–, ืขืžืขืก, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’. ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืข- 
ืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืืฃ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืœื•ื’ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜. ื“ืึธืก 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืก 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ืื™ื•ืื ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข 
ืžืึธืœ --- ืืฆื™ื ื“, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ. 

,ื›'ืžื•ื– ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ื™ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ื- 
ืจืืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืขื ืื•ึผืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืคึผืึธ- 
ืฉืขื˜ ืืฃ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜. ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐื™ื™ื– 
ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ ืืœืข ืœื™ื™ื–ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืš" -- 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืืจื•ื™ืก- 


2--11 


ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืก 
ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืœื“, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื ื•ื™ืœืข 
ืคืืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ืขืจืืžืขืจ ืฆื™- 
ืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื- 
ืžืขืจืงื–ืื ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคื•ืœืฃ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ืœืŸ, ืฆืข- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ืœืขื ื’ื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ืขืจืฉืข ืœืืคึผื˜ื™ืขืก, 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฉื™ื ืขืœืŸ.. 

ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืก ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• 
ื“ื™ ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื˜ืข: 


ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื ืื- 


-- ืืœืฅ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื, ื›ืื•ื•ื™- 
ืจื™ื, ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื. ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืค- 
ื ืื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื- 
ืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืŸ, ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืืฐืึธื“ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืึธืŸ. ืืœืข ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขื 
ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ. ืืฒึทืขืจ ืจื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืกืขืจื™ืึธื’ื™ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ 
ื ื‘ืื™ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื ื”ืขืœื ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจืฑื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. -- ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ... ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ืœ, 


ื ื•ืืจืกืขืœื™ืขื–ืข 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืขืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืืฉื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืฉืœืืœ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืขืจ, ื 
ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื- 
ืจื™ื–ื, ืึธืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืข ืื•ืž- 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจืขืจ ื“ืึธืจืฃ 
ืฉื•ืฉืขื ืกืงืึธื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท ื™ืึธืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืจืฒึท ื™ืึธืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ื™ 

ื ืคึผืฑืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ืืงืื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืืจืฉื™ืงื˜ืŸ: ,, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฐื™ ืฉื•ืฉ. ืื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ืฉ ื’ืข- 
ืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืกืื™ืื ืขืก, ืื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกืื™ื- 
ื ืขืก---ืื™ื– ืขืง ืฐืขืœื˜". ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•ึผ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื”ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื‘ืขืขืžืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™- 
ืœื™ื˜ืฉืก ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคึฟืŸ 
ืคึผืฑืขืจ, ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื–ื•ื™: , ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ืžืื›ืŸ". 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืฑื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ื ืฉืึธืงืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืื™ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜: 
;ื›'ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืืฒึทืš. ืื– ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืื ื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืื›ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื". ืื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจืœื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐืึธืก 
ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ืืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืฐืึธืก 
ื ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืฃ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื’ืขืคืœืื ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ, ื’ืขื–ืขื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ 
ื”ืึธืœืฅ, ื’ืขืงืึธืกืขื˜ ื’ืจืึธื–, ืื•ืžื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคื•ืก 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ, ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 


ื”ืขืจื˜. ื‘ืืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื™ืขื“ืŸ 
ื”ืขืœืคืŸ, ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜, 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื ื ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืขื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืขืจ, ื’ืข- 
ืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืคืืจ ื“ืจืฒึท ื™ืึธืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืง. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืข -- ,ื“ื™ ืื•ืค- 
ื’ืื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœ-ื“ืขืžืึธืงืจืื˜ืฃ. 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืœืขื’ืืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ /ืขืง ื•ื•ืขืœื˜" ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ -- ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ื™ืฅ -- ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืืฃ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืคืืจื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ืจืึธืฉื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ืฆื•ื ืงืืžืฃ ืคืืจ ืคืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง, 

ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืžื™ื“, ืคื•ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘, 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ 
ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืคืืจื”ืืจื˜ืฅ- 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื ืฒึทืข ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•ืŸ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืื–ืื ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ- 
ืกื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืืŸ ืืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ื 
ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ. ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืขืงืŸ 
ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืขืก ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืื•ืžืจื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ ืื›ื–ืึธืจื™ืขืก- 
ื“ื™ืง ืžืข ืฆืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผืขื ื™ืงืข. 

ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืื˜ืขื ื˜ืื˜ 
ืืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืก 
ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ -- ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืฆืืจื™ืฉืข ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ืข ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ. ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื’ื ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืคื‘ืจื•ื™ื–. ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’, ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื• ื“ื™ 
ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœืกื˜ืึธื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืขื ื“ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืœื™ืื‘ืึธื•ื•ืŸ. 

ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืืจื•ื, ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš 


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ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืŸ; ื ื•, ื‘ืขื ืขื’ื™ื™ืข ื˜ืึธืœืกื˜ืึธื™ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ,. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืขืจืŸ- 
ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฉื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื˜ืืจืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืœื™ืื‘ืึธื•ื•? ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ 
ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืก-ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ? ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืก, 
ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก. ืฐืฒึทืœ ืคืืจืงืึธื›ืŸ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืืฉืข ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืขืคึผืืจื›ื™ืข-- ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข ื‘ื- 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืจืขื›ื˜. 

ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืืจื™- 
ืฉืข ืžืขืฉืึธืจืกื™ื, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืึธื ืฆื•ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื•" 
ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ! ืก'ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœืข ืืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื 
ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ึดืขืœืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜-ืกื˜ืื˜ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐื•ื™ 
,ืคืืจื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ",. ;,ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜", ืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜ 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืคืืจืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ื™ืขื ืฅ... ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื - 
ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื™ืขื˜ื•ื•ื™ื“ืข ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื - 
ื’ืขืŸ, ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ืŸ, ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืŸ, ืœืื ื“ืกืžืื ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ึทืึธื˜ืขืงืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืงืึธื ืคื™ืกืงื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืœืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืžืฆื•- 
ืคืจื™ื“ื ืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜. ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืคื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืข 
ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืืฉื•ื ืงืขืก, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื˜ ืืฃ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืึธืจื’ื- 
ื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืžืึธื ืกื˜ืจืืฆื™ืขืก. ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื–ื ื“ืขืžืึธื ืกื˜- 
ืจืืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืœืืฅ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงืื–ืื ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ืื™ื– 
ืื›ื–ืึธืจื™ืขืกื“ื™ืง ืฆืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฆืืจื™ื–ื. 

ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœืื ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืข. ืื– ืื™ืŸ ,ืงืจืขืกื˜ื™" ืื™ื– ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืžืึธืจื“ ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืงืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ื™ ื–ืฉืื - 
ื“ืืจืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜-ื›ื•ืืœื™ืข. ื“ื™ 
ืื’ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื›ืจืื ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืืฐืึธื“ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจืŸ-ืื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื’ืข- 
ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคื™ืจืขืจ, ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืฉืจืขืง ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข. 

ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื– ืก'ื–ื™ื™- 
ื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆืขื˜ืœืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ , ืงืจืืžืึธืœืข-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ", ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืœื“ 
ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืืกืŸ-ืืจืขืกื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ 
ื’ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 4 ืืคืŸ 5 ื“ืขืงืื‘ืขืจ 
. 1887 ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒื™ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข 
ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืื–ืื ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื–ื™ --- ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•ืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืขื 


4 


ืฆืขื˜ืœ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข. ืคืืจืŸ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื 
;ืกื›ืึธื“ืงืข* -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืื ื˜ ื‘ืื ืืจืขืกื˜. ืื’ืขื•ื•, ื ืคืืจ- 
ื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœื ืขืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืงื ื˜. 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉื™ื™ืขืš ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš 
ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ,. ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื 
ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ืžื‘ื™ืจืกืงืขืจ ืœืื ื“ืกืžืื - 
ืฉืืคื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ 
ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ,ืกื˜ืื˜ื•ื˜", ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ. ืึทื–ื•ึนื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื ืข ื›ื- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื ื™ืฐื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ 
ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข-ื’ืจืื˜ืขืก. ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœ-ืงืืžืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ- 
ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื ืื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืœืข ืื•ืž- 
ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืืœ- 
ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืืžืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืžื•- 
ื˜ื™ืงื˜, 

--- ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืœืขืš, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื– 
ืื•ื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜, ื’ืื ืฅ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ!--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืขืžืข- 
ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื˜ืึธ- 
ื’ื™ืงืข ืฉืฒึทืŸ. 

ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืจื•ืคื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข-ื ืขืžืขืŸ. 

-- ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžืื˜ืจื™ึดืขืš, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผ- 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•, --- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. 

--- ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขืŸ?.. ื“ื•ึน ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืึธืขืก?.. 

-- ืงืึธื ืกื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื• 
ืฐื™ืœืกื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•.--- 
ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ืฆื™- 
ืงืขืจ. 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื™ืฐื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืš ื ืึธืจ ืื›ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜! ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืขืš ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก! 

ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ืก ืืฃ ื ืจืขื’ืข ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ, ื‘ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ื- 
ื ืขืŸ, ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜: 

-- ื“ืึธ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืคื•ืœืงื•ื ืžืืกืงื™ื: 
ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืขืš ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜! ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš... 

ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื• ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืข- 
ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง: 

--- ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš, 
ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื™ืš ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืขืš, ื ืึธืจ ืืœืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืึธ. ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ 


ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืจืื’ืข ืฆื• ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืืžืขืจ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•ืŸ, 
ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื!--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ. -- ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข, ืคืืจ- 
ืคืจืึธืจืขื ืข, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜, ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืคืืจืœื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขื ืžื•ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ... 

-- ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืื™ื™ืฆืข ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ืืฑื™ืš!-- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข, --- ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธืš ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ืฆืขืœืข ืฐืึธืœื’ืข. 
ืžืข ื–ืขื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ 
ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืกื˜ื•ื ื’. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื–ืฉืืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจืื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ -- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก?! ืฐืฒึทืœ 
ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ ืฐื™ ืขืก ืจื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืœื’ืข. ื–ื™ื™ ืจื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ื ืึธืขื ื˜, ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™, ื“ื™ 
ืžืืžื™ื ืงืข ืฐืึธืœื’ืข! ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืขื›ืฅ 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื’ื•ื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืขืจ... 

ืืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืื•ืœื™ื- 
ื ืึธื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืข- 
ื›ืืคึผื˜ ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืขืก ืฉืคึผืืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจื•ืขืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™- 
ืœืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ; 

-- ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืžืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืขืฅ, ืขืจื - 
ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ืžืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืขืฅื™ 

-- ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืžืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืขืฅ, ืืœืข 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•. 

ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืืจื™ื™ืŸ- 
ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ 
ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื˜ืข, ืคืืจืงืึทืœื™ื™ืขื˜ืข, ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืืกืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ืฆืœืขืŸ. ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
,ืžืืจืกืขืœื™ืขื–ืข". ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืงื- 
ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข-ืื•ืคื–ืขืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™- 
ื–ืขืจื ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ.-- ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœื‘ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืงืกืŸ, ืฆื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื“ืงืขืฐืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ, 

-- ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ ืฐืขืจืฃ 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ? ืื– ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื”ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง. 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืจื•ืคืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืื ืฆืข -ื˜ื•ืจืžืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื - 
ืฆืขืจ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข-ื’ืืจื ื™ื–ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืฑืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™- 


ื–ืขืจื ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ, ื’ืขื“ืจืึธืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธ- 
ืœืขืก. ื“ื™ ,ืžืืจืกืขืœื™ืขื–ืข" ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืžืข-ืื•ืคื–ืขืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜, ืืœืฅ ืฉื˜ืืจ- 
ืงืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“. ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืขืก- 
ื“ื™ืงืข ืงืืžืขืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจืฑื™ืกืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืขื ื–ืืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืจืฒึทื”ืฒื™ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืงืฒื™ื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืžืข-ืื•ืคื–ืขืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืŸ, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ื ื–ื™ื’, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื– ืื•ืคื’ืข- 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืืฐืฐืขืง ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

! ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขืฐืข ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ 
ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ื™ืš 
ืืจืฑื™ืกืœืึธื–ืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, 
ืื– ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ื•ื ื’ 
ื‘ืื ืกื•ืžื‘ืขืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ืจืขื, ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื™ืงื•ื ื’ืก- 
ื˜ื•ืจืžืข, ืื–ื•ื™ืืจื•ื ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื - 
ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ,ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื™ืงืŸ* ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ 
ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืคืืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ 
ืžืึธืกืงืฐื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜. ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืจืžืขืก 
ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื•ืœื˜... 

ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื˜ืฒืœื™ืงื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืžืึธืœืŸ ืคืืจื’ืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืœื’ืข ืคืœื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืคืฆื˜... 

ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื ืกืืš ืฉืึธืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืœืื - 
ื’ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืขืคึผื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•- 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืจ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ-- 
ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ื˜--ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ 
ืขืจื ืกื˜, ืื™ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืกื˜. ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื–ืึธื’ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข, 
ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื˜, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ. ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ; 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. 

ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš, ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื›ื•ืฅ ืื•- 
ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•ืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื–, ืฐื™ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืคืขืกื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจืื˜ืขืก. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 


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--- ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข, ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืจื™ื™. ืฆื™ ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœืกื˜ 
ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ?! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจื ืกื˜. 

--- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜! ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ 
ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜. ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืžืขืงื•ึผื™ืขื ื’ืจืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืจืขื’ืข, ืคืจืฒื™ึทื ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืข! 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
,;ืžืืจืกืขืœื™ืขื–ืข". ืขืจื ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜! 
ื”ืขืจื˜! ื”ืขืจื˜! ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜? 

ืืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืœืึธื– 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ืจืžืข-ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื• ืื™ื– 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืœืึธื–ื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
,ืžืืจืกืขืœื™ืขื–ืข", ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืข. 

ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ื- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื; 

-- ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืกื˜ืืคืขื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืข- 
ื›ืืคึผื˜!:-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ.--- ืื™ืš ื˜ืจื•ื™ื, 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ืงืึธืจื‘ืึธื ืขืก. ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš 
ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ,. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš! ืื•ืŸ 
ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ื‘ืจืฑื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืš 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ื ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ. ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ. -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืจืึธืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืœ ื’ืข- 


ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ; 

-- ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜?! ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ 
ืฆื•, ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืŸ. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืš 
ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜... 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืฐื™ ื ืฆื™ื ืขื ืข 
ืงื™ื™ืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืขืจ 
ืคึผืึธื“ืœืึธื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข. ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข-ืื•ืค- 
ื–ืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื• 
ื ืึธืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ื˜- 
ืคืขืจ: . 
-- ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขื’, ื ืึธืจ ื›'ื’ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ?.. 

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืžืขืจ 
ืื™ื–,. ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืืžืฃ, ืืจื™ื™ื - 
ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืง ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืืœืื ื“ืข. 

-- ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืข 
ืฉืคึผืฒึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืœืขืš ืคืืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆืขืŸ ืžื™ื™- 
ืœืขืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืœื™ืื ืึธื•ื•. -- ื 
ืจืขื’ืข ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ื’ืขื‘ืŸ, -- ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืืงืœืขืจืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. --- ืฐืึธืœืึธื“ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›?ืœ ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื˜. -- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ื–ืืš: ื‘ื- 
ื ืื›ื˜, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ,. ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืš 
ื ืกืืš ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืกืืš ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜.., 


ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ--ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจืฉืžืืŸ 


6 


ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ืœืฐืึทืฐ 


ืžืื™ืืงืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืื ื“ 


ื ืžื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจืขื›ืฅ, ืื”ื™ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืืคืŸ ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืฅ-ืœืขืึธืจืขืฅ, 

ืฐื•ื™ ื ืฆืขืจื™ื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื’ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจ. ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืจืกืงืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขื’ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ-ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 

ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืืŸ -- ืืจื•ืฃ-ืืจืึธืคึผ, ื’ืขืฉืžืึธืœืฆืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืืกืคืืœื˜. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืงืกื™ืงืข ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ 

ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืงืจืืžืึธืœื ืข, 

ื•ื™ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 

ื‘ืื ืคืึธืœืง ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืื ื’ืœืขืŸ, ืืฃ ืืฑื™ืกืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจ ืกืžืึธืœื ื™ 

ื‘ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึธื’, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืงืจืขืžืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜. 
ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื–ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื“ืขืจืื‘ืข, ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื• ืฆืขืจืฒึทื™ืกืŸ 
ื‘ื ืจืืกื™ื™,. ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคืœืขื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืœื›ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจ; 
ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขืฉื•ื™ื ืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื’, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืขืจืก ื”ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ืขืก ืจืขื“ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ืก ื–ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืึธืจ! 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื–ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ -- ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ืงื•ื ืฅ, ื‘ื ืจืืกื™ื™, ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืขืŸ? ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืœื•ื™ืข ื”ื™ืžืœืขืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฉืฒื™ึทื ืขืŸ 
ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืงืึธืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–? ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื ืงืœืขืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื–ื™ืŸ. 

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ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืœืฒื™ื›ืŸ 

ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืกื™ื™ ื’ืœืฒึทืš, ืกืฒึทื™ ืงืจื•ื. 
ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื ืก ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข, ืฐื™ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ-- 

ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ---ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™: 
ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ, ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืจื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืœืขืš ืœืขื ื–ื™ื™. 


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ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืœืึธื ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœืขืจ. 
ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, 
ื‘ืืฉื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืข 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฆื™ื ื“ืขืจ. 


ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ, 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– : 
ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืขื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืœืขืš. 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ืคืขืœืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ืฉืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืจื™ืจ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึธืงืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ื˜, -- 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขืจื‘ืœืขืš. 


ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ 
ืกืฒึท ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืกืฒึท ื ื•ื™ื˜, 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืžืขื“ื™ืง. 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื“ืจืึธืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก; 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืืฒื‘ื™ืง, 


ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื ืฉืฐืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืจ, 
ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ---ื ื”ื™ื™ื, ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ, 
ื’ืขื ื™ืืœืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื›'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 


ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ 
ืึธืŸ ื ืžืืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ. 

ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ, 

ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ ืืฃ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง ืคืืจืœืึธืจืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ืฉืžืขืจืฆืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ. 


ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ื ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืžื™ืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืืŸ ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ื“ืขืจ, 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ, 
ื’ืขื ื™ืืœืข ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 


ื ืœื™ื“ ืคืืจ 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืœื’ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืœื’ืืจืŸ 

ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื ืืกื˜ืื, 

ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืืจืŸ--- 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืจืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืื, 


ื‘ื ื“ืขื ื˜ืจื•ื ืง, ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ 

ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืืจื‘ืข, 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืฐืขืก ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“, 


ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืฐื•ึผื ื’ 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื’, 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ 


ืื ื“ื–ืฉืขืœืขืŸ 


ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, 
ืžื™ืš ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ื›ืขื, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก -- 
ื“ื• ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื–ืขืŸ,--- 
ืื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ,ื˜ื•ื–ืขืžืขืฅ", 

ื ืžื™ืŸ ืื‘ืึธืจื™ื’ืขืŸ. 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืฒึทืขืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืขืก, 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืœ-- 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงืื–ืืŸ ื ืื™ื ื“ื™ื™ืขืฅ, 

ื•ื™ ื“ื• ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืžืึธืœ, 


ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืืจืŸ. 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื ืืกื˜ืื 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ืึธืœื’ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืœื’ืืจืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืจืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืื. 


ืฆื• ืžืฒึทื ืข ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึทื›ืข-ืืฒื’ืขื ืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืจืื ืงืฒึทื˜ 


ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ. 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืœื™ื‘! 


ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืื•ื•ืข! 
ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืš, ืงืื›ืื•ื•ืข. 


ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“ ื ืขืžื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ. 


ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืขืก ืœื™ื‘! 


ื“ืึธืก ืœืื ื“ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื ืžืืžืข! 
ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืืจื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ, 
ื•ื•ื• ื™ืขื“ืขืก ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ื’ืขืจืืžืขืจ. 


ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ื›ืืœื•ื™ืžืขืก, ื“ืขื ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“, 


ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ, -- 
ื”ืืงืœืืœ, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืื ื“, 
ืื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ ืืฒึทืš, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 

ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ--ื. ืฐื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก 


ืง 


39 


ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ื™ืขืจื™ืึท ืžืขื ืงืึธ 


ื ื›ื•ืš 


ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืจืฒึท:ืื•ื–-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ. ื ืฉืฐืขืจืข ื”ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜. ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืœื- 
ืงืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ื’ืจืื“, ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึธืก- 
ื˜ืึธื•ื•, ืกื˜ืื•ื•ืจืึธืคึผืึธืœ, ื“ืึธื ื‘ืืก... ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ืงื•ืจืกืงืขืจ 
ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื›ื˜ ืคืืจ ืงืื•ื•ืงืื–, ื“ื™ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข, ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกืœืื ื“... ื”ืืงืœืืœ, ืื–ื•ื™- 
ืคื™ืœ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื ืึธืš, ืื– ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื– 
ืื™ืŸ ืžืืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืข ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืื™ืึธืจืŸ ื–ื•- 
ืžืขืจ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’. ื–ืฒืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืื•ื•ืงืื–. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื ืคืจืื–ืข: ,..ื“ื™ ื ืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื•ื• 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืื ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข". ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืื•ื•- 
ืงืื–. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ 
ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืŸ ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ื’ืจืื“ืขืจ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื 
ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืžืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ืžื•ื™ืจืข 
ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ึผ. ืฆื• ืฐื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ,. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจืก. ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง, ืื– 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ.. 

ืื•ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ 
ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™-ืื•ืŸ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ" 
ืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆืฒึทื˜, 
ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ื•ื ื’ ืืฃ ื ื ืฒื™ึท 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ืฐื•ืขื˜ืขืจ. ื ื™ื˜ 


40 


ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ 
ืžืืจื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืข ื–ื•ื ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื’, 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ, 
ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืฉืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’- 
ืจืขื’ื ืก, ืื™ื‘ืขืจืืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื‘ืœืฑื™ืงืฒึทื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ --- ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืืฆื™ืข, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื ื™ื›ื˜ืขื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืฒึทื’ืขืก. 

ืคืืจ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื–ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ, ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืื–ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืขืœืขืจืก, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืืœืขื ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ืข ื”ื•ื™ืคื ืก 
ื‘ืจื•ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜. ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ืคืืจ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืขืก. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื”ื™ื™ืกืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื–ื•ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ืคื’ืขืฐืขืงื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืข ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ื’ืจืื“ืขืจ ื™ืืจืŸ. ื˜ื™ืคืข, ืคืืจ- 
ื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืกื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื’ืข, ืฆืขืฉื ืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข 
ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. 

ื“ื™ ื™ืืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื’ืก-ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง. ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืงืขืจ- 
ืคึผืขืจืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื–ืึธืจื’ ื‘ื 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืื›ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ- 
ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜. 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืจ 
ืึธื ืจื•ืคืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™. 
ื™ืืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื ื–ื™ื™. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืข- 
ืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืจื™ื™-ืคื™ืจ ื™ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, 


ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืืฃ ืœืืกื˜ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก ืึธืคึผ- 
ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ-ืงืฐืึธืจื™ื. 

ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืขืš ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื ื’- 
ืœืขืš. ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื•ื™ื™ 
ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข 
ืฆื™ื ื“ื“ืžืืฉื™ื ืงืขืก, ืžืขืกืขืจืœืขืš, ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืขืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืœืฒื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื™ืงืข ืืคื™ืœืข 
ืคึผื™ืกื˜ืึธืœืขื˜ืŸ, 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขื ืข ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ 
ื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจ ืคืืจืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื’ื˜ ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืขืก ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ 
ืžืึธืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ ื‘ื™ืงืกืŸ, ืื™ 
ืคึผื™ืกื˜ืึธืœืขื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ืŸ ืงืืจืื‘ื™ืŸ. 

ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฐืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ 
ืคืืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืจื•ื•ืขืก, ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื”ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืขืš ืฉื™ืกืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ื ื“ื™ืง 
ื“ืขื ืงืืจืื‘ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ืคึผื™ืกื˜ืึธ- 
ืœืขื˜ ,ืคึผืืจืื‘ืขืœื•ื". ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืžื•ื–. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ 
ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื™ืื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ืื•ืŸ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ. ื‘ืืœื“ 
ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืจื™ืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš 
ืื™ื ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธ- 
ื˜ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ื‘ืื 
;ืคึผืืจืื‘ืขืœื•ื? ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจืŸ ื‘ืœืฆื˜ืœ ืืคืŸ ื”ืขื ื˜ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื•ื ื’. ืื™ืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™: ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืคึผืขืก-ืฐืึธืก, ืฐืขืœ 
ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื•ืคืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืขื ื”ืขื ื˜ืœ. 
ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื‘ื™ื– ืฐืึธืก-ืฐืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœืขืš, 
ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื›ื•ืจื•ื•ืขืก. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™- 
ื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ืคึผืื˜ืจืึธื ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผืืกื˜ ืคึทึผื- 
ื˜ืจืึธื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืื•ื•ื˜ืึธืžืื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื- 
ื‘ืขืœื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืึธืš ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜. 

ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒื™-ืื•ืŸ- 
ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืŸ 
ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ื’ืจืื“. ืืœืฅ ืฐื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื”ื™ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ 
ืก'ื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืืœืฅ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ืŸ ืคืืจ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืื–ื: ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ 
ื ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืข ืงืืฉืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืกื•ืค ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜- 
ืจืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืฅ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืš ื“ืจืฒึท ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื’ืจืื 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจื•ื‘ืœ, ื ืึธืจ 
ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ืฐื•ึผ ืฆื• ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื’ืื–ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืขืžืขืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ,ืฉื•ื•ืืจ- 


ืฆืขืจ ืžืืจืง", ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื ื ืื˜ื•ืจืขืœืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ื™ืฉ ---ืืœื˜ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฃ 
ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ, ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืืœื˜ื•ื•ืืจื’. ื’ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ื ื˜ 
ื“ืึธ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืืœืก ื ืžืึธืก ืคืืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ื™ืฉ, ืื–ื•ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 500 ืจื•ื‘ืœ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื•ึน ื ืœืื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ 
ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื ื”ืืœื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืจืึธื ืคืŸ. 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื’ืจืื 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืงืขื›ืฅ ืื™ื– ื ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืœื•ื™ืŸ. ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“- 
ืงื™ื›ืŸ ืœืึธืงืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืงืจืื ืงืข ื–ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ.. 
ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื“ืขืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืฉื™ืงื˜ ื–ืฒื™ 
ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ , ืกืคึผืขืฅ-ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ", ื•ื• ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื- 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ื”ื™ืœืฃ. 

ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคึผืื™ืึธืง ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืจื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ-ืฐื•ืขืจ ืฆื•. ืžืข ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจ- 
ื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืžืื˜ืงืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ 
ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืื–ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืข- 
ืœืขืจืก, ืฐื•ื•ึผ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืžืืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื - 
ื’ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืขืกื˜ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™, ืึนืฃ 
ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜.. 

ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืฒื™, ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืคืืจืฉื ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื 
ื’ืจื™ื ืข ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืงื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ื”ืืœ- 
ืงืขืก, ืืจื•ื ืื™ืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืข- 
ื›ืขืจ ื–ืข ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืืฑื™ืขืจืœืืคึผืŸ ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื 
ื ื™ื˜ ืจืื–ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 

ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ืข ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืจืื’ื™ื–ื ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ื- 
ื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืจืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข- 
ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื“ืจืฒึท-ืื•ืŸ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜, ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื‘- 
ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืง. ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ืข, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžื™ืจ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื™ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืึธืก. ืžื™ืš ื•ื•ืืจืขืžื˜ ื‘ื™ื– 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฆื•ืคืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืข- 
ื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ื•ืš, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’-ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™- 
ืจืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื- 
ืฉืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื 
ืกืืš. 

ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ื•ื™ 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืžืฒึทืกืขืœืขืš. ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ื ืœืื ื’ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ 
ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’ืฐืฒึทืœื™ืงืข ืœืขืจื ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื˜ 


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ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ื- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื‘ืึธืœ, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืœื’ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืืฃ ื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉ- 
ืื™ื™ื–ื ืก,. ืืฃ ืœื™ื–ืฉืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื“ืจืขืžืœื˜ ืืฃ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืข. ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš. ืฆื™ 
ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ 
ืื•ื ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜?.. 

ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ืคืืœ. ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืืจืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื–ืืฐืึธื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืืžื™ื™ึทืขื•ื•-ืงื•ืจื’ืืŸ. ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืึธ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืœื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ืคึผื™ืจื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืื•ืœื™ื•ืกืŸ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืก ืืฃ 
ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืจื•ืงื–ืืงืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืืœืขื ืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง. ืก'ืื™ื– 
ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื ืึธื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธ- 
ื˜ื™ืฅ-ื‘ื™ื›ืœืขืš, ืคึผืขืงืœืขืš ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืžื™ืจ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ,,/ื”ืืจื‘ืก- 
ื˜ื™ืงืข* (ื’ืขืคืืœืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜) ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžื‘ืขืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ื’ืจืื“ืขืจ 
ืงืจื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ืœื•ื ื’ 
ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ื‘ืจืขื ืขืš. 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื”ืึธืคื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก-ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• 
ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
,ื˜ืจืึธืคื™ื™ืขืŸ". 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคืืœืขื ืขื ื•ื™ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื ืฆืขืจื™ืกืขื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฐื™ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืจื•ืงื–ืืง. 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืขืจ ื ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื–ืืง ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ืคืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขืง ืฆื•ื ืืฒึทื–, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืžื™ืก- 
ื˜ืืžืข ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืœืื ื’, ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ ืึธืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืืง ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆืข- 
ืจื™ืกืŸ --- ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฉ- 
ื˜ืขืจื˜. 

ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืฆื•ื ื•ืขื’,. ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ื•ืจื•ื•ืข,. ื‘ืื ืจื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืค- 
ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืืง ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™- 
ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืขื‘ืขื›ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืžืขื’ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ื ืคึผืขืงืœ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืœืข ืœืฒึทืฐื•ื ื˜ืขื ืข ืึธื ืขื˜ืฉืขืก. ืฆืขื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก 
ืคึผืขืงืœ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื•ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ- 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืŸ, ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื•ื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื“. ื ืึธืจ 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ 


ื˜ืึธื•ื•ืœ; 2080040806 ืฐืขื ืฆืฅืช 6868ืขืงืฅื–1 .0 6 
1116320 


ื’{ืื™. ืก. ื˜ื•ืจื’ืขื ื™ืขืฐ. ืจื•ื“ื™ืฃืŸ 
ืกืงืึธื™ืข ื’ื ื™ืขื–ื“ืึธ (ื ืคึผืจื™ืฆื™ืฉืข ื ืขืกื˜). 


ื“ืฐืึธืจื™ืื - 


42 


ืจื™ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืึธืคื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืจื ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ 
ื ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืขื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ื’ืจืื“ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืคื™ืœ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืœืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื›ื˜ืŸ ืงืœืืก, ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืงืึธืฉ- 
ืžืืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ืžื™ืกืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืื–ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืš 
ื•ื•ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉื•ืœ, ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจืก 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทืกืข ืœืฒึทืœืขื›ืขืจ.. 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ื•ื•ืขื’ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ืกื™ื, ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืฃ ื ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืฐื™ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื–ื ื‘ืืŸ-ืคึผืœืื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข, ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืœืืกื˜ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ- 
ืงืฐืึธืจื™ื --- ืฆื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื™ื‘ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืกืœืขื›ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืกื™ื- 
ืจื™ื™ืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื–ืืคึผื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืฉื•ื–ืฉืขื˜ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ืื•ืžื•ืคื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืงืœืื ื’. 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ืœ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš, 
ื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจืขืžื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื™ืžืขืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื 
ืžื™ืŸ ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ืก-ืื™ื ื“ื–ืขืœืข ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืืึธืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืฃ 
ื‘ื ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื“ื–ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ 
ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. 

ื“ื™ ืœืืกื˜ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ื–ืขืœ-ืžืึธ- 
ื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ืขืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืกื ืืจื™ืื“ืŸ ืขืจื“ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื- 
ืฐืึธื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืึธืคืขื ืข 
ื’ืจื™ื‘ืขืจ. 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืึธืž- 
ื‘ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื’ืข- 
ืฆื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืืฐืึธื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆืขืš, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืืจืึธืคึผ- 
ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืœืืฅ. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข 
ื’ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืกืืคึผื™ืึธืจืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื 
ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืฒื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืคืจืฒึทืก- 
ืฉื˜ืึธืฃ, ื“ื™ ืจืื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืค- 
ื’ื™ืš ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื’ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื”ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ืืจื’ืขื˜ืข. 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™- 
ื˜ืขืจืข ืœืืกื˜... 

ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ืขืคื™ื ืก ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ 
ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืจื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืคื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื - - 
ืœืขื›ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜, 

ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืืกืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฐื•ืฒึทื–ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ืš---ื ืฉืคึผืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื 


ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื ื ืฒึทืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืืฃ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืฑื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื- 
ืจื•ื™ึดืงื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื™ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ื’ืขืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืื™ ืืœืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื - 
ื“ึดื™ืงืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืขืœืขืจ, ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฆืข- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– 
ื“ืึธืก ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ -- ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื•ืš. 

ื ืึธืจ ืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš ื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืืฒึทื ืฐืฑื ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืขืœืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜, ืฐื™ ืืฃ ื 
ื–ืืš, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื”ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื•ืžื ื•ืฆืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ืื™ืš. ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืฐืึธืก 
ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขืฐื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš. ืคื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœืข ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜. ื–ืขื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืก, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืจืึธืคื™ื™ืขืŸ.. 

ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืืžืข. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ, ืฐื™ื ืงืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ื•ื˜ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืจืฒึท ื›ืืœืึธืงื™ื ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืงืข 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื’ื™ืกืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืงืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื”ื™ื™ืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, 

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ,ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข" ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ- 
ืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ืืจืข, ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ,ืงืื˜ื™ื•ืฉืข", ืื•ืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ 
ืฉื™ื ืขืœ, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื”ื™ืœื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกื ื- 
ืจื™ืื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืฉืื“ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ืฉืขื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜, ืื– 
ื“ื™ ,ืงืื˜ื™ื•ืฉืข" ื“ืืจืฃ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืื›ื˜, 
ืื–ื•ื™ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ,ื“ืฐืึธืจื™ืื ืกืงืึทื™ืข 
ื’ื ื™ืขื–ื“ืึธ? ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืคืืจื”ื•ื™ืœืขื ืข ืžื•ื–ื™ืง 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ืจืึธืžืืŸ. ,ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ื ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืจืึธื–ืข ืฐืึธืœืงื ื“- 
ืœืขืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ื”ื™ืž? 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, 
ื ืึธืจ ืฆืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืื–ื•ืจ-ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืค- 
ืงืฒึทื˜...* 

ื’ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื˜ืึธื’... ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’-ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืข- 
ื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื”ืขืœืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืฑื™- 


ืกืข ืจืึธื–ืข ืฐืึธืœืงื ื“ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืจืึธื–ืข ืฐืึธืœืงื ื“ืœืขืš, ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืจื‘ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ. ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืก 
ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื ืœืื–ื•ืจ-ื‘ืœื•ื™ืข ื˜ื™ืคืงืฒึทื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืž? 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฉื•ืืจืฅ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืจื™ื™ืคืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืจืฒึทืกืŸ, ื ืึธืจ 
ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคืืจืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐืฒึทืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืœืข ืื•ืž- 
ื’ืœื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืกืืžืข ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.. 

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทื›ื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœืขืš ืื™- 
ื ืขื ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ-ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื‘ื•ื ื“, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™- 
ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื ื ืขืก--ืฆืขืจื•ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื ื’ืข 
ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืข ื•ืฐืขื ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืขืœืขืจ, ืฐื•ื•ึผ ืกืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข, ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืข ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืจืืœื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒึทื˜. 

ืžื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื–ืข ืงืืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื, ืคื™ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœืื•ื•ืจืขืฆืงื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืื ืฉื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืืœืฅ 
ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™- 
ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’. ื’ืึธื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜? ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ, 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื’ืืกื˜ืฆื™ืžืขืจืŸ, ืฉืœืึธืฃ- ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ-ืฆื™- 
ืžืขืจืŸ,. ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืขื ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจื™ืฉืข 
;ื”ืขืœืคื˜ืŸ". ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืื™ื - 
ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืงืื•ื•ืข. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืงื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืคืขืจื–ื•ื›ื˜. ื’ืขืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ืคืืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’... ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœืขืš! 

ืคืืจ ื ื”ืืœื‘ ื™ืึธืจ, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื ื“ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื’ืข, 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืœืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืฑื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื ืึธืจืžืืœ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜, ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื‘ื- 
ื˜ืึธื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœ, ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ 
ื ื™ืก ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืื– ืื–ืขืœื›ืก ืื™ื– 
ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืฅ-ื•ื•ึผ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜. 

ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ืึธืš ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ืึธืš 
ืืœืฅ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืžืืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ- 
ื ืึธืš ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ.. 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
,ืงืื˜ื™ื•ืฉืข", ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื‘ืืจืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืฆื˜ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉืฑืŸ 
ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ 
ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜,. ืฉืจืขืง, ืคืืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืจื ื™- 
ื“ืขืจื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืฅ, ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืข- 


18 


ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ืจื’ืขื ื™ืขื•ืฐื•ื™ืฉืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืืžืึธืฉืขืกื“ื™ืง... ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ" 
ืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ- 
ืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืข ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ-ื•ื•ึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸืฃ.. ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืžื™ืœื›ืึธ- 
ืžืขื“ื™ืงืข. ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืคืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจื’ืขื ื™ืขื•ื•ืก ืจืึธืžืืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– 
ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืž- 
ื‘ืื’ืจื™ื™ืคืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื“ืื ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื - 
ื“ื•ื ื’ -- ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ืš. ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื- 
ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก 
ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜.., 

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืืœ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 


ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฉืจืขืง ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืคืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจ ืžื™ื ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื–ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื’ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทื - 
ื’ืขืฉืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.. 


ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื ืฆื™ืง 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ 
ืคื•ึผืŸ ื˜ืึธืœืกื˜ืึธื™,. ื“ืึธืกื˜ืึธื™ืขืฐื•ืกืงื™, ื’ืึธืจืงื™,. ื”ืขืžื™ื - 
ื’ื•ื•ื™ื™, ืจืขืžืืจืง, ื‘ื•ืœื’ืืงืึธื•ื•, ื˜ื•ื•ืืจื“ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ื™ืขื ืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ-ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ืจื’ืขื ื™ืขื•ื•-ื‘ืื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืจื•ื™ึทื ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ื’ืจืื“ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ 
ืกืืžืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. 

ืื–ื ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš. 


ื™ื•ื™ื“ื™ืฉ--ื™. ืกื•ืจื’ 


2 


ื™ืขืฐื’ืขื ื™ ืฐื™ื ืึทืงื•ืจืึทืฐ 


ื“ื–ืฉืึทืจื“ืื ืึธ ื‘ืจื•ื ืึท 


ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืขืžืขืก 

ืฆื•ื ืฉืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜.. 
ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’, ืึธืŸ ื ืจืขืžืขื–, 
ื ืœื•ื™ื‘-ื˜ืึธืกื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜! 


ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœืื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, 
ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ื™ืš ืคืืจื“ืขืงื˜, 

ื“ืึธืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืœืขืคึผืึธื ืขื, 

ื“ืขื ืฆื™ื™ืœืขื ืงื•ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืขืง. 


ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื ื“ืขื˜, 
ื‘ืื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื˜, ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜, 
ืื– ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืขื ื“ืœืขืš, 
ืื•ืžื‘ืจืขื’ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉืขืจื˜. 


ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, 

ื˜ื™ืฃ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, 

ืื– ื’ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืžืขืก -- ืื™ื ืœืขืฉืขื. 


ื“ืขืจ ืงืืจื“ื™ื ืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงืืœื˜ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืงืืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืงื•ื™ื ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆืขืคึผืจืืœื˜ืŸ 

ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืก ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ 

ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืื ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜. 


ื“ื™ ื ืื˜ื•ืจ 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœืฉืข ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืœื‘ืŸ 

ื ืคืืจืงื™ืฉืขืคื˜ืขืจ ืœืึธื– ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ืฅ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ื•ื™ืš, ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืื ื’. 


ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื•ื•ื™ื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืคืขื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ืคืืจื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ืื ื’. 


ืœืขื ื ื‘ืจืึธื“ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืฆืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืคืืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืขืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืข, 
ื“ื™ ื ืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜. 


ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, 

ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜! 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื•ื–ื™ืง, ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืขืก ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืจ ืกืึธื ืื˜ืข ืืŸ ืืจืคืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฆืึธืจืข ืžืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜, 


ื–ืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืง. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืคื•ืกื ืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืืฒื™ื–. 


ื“ื™ ืกืึธื ืื˜ืข ืคืืจื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืžืœ 
ืื™ื ืขื ืคึผืืจืง ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืจื•ืคึผืึธืจ-ืงืจืฒึทื–. 


ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืง ื˜ืจื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื›ืขืจ. 

ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจื ืงืจืึธ ืœืขืจื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ืก'ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื ืื˜ืข ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ!ึผ 
ื›'ื‘ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืš; 

ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, 


45 


ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข 


ืื™ืš, 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–, 
ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

ื‘ื ื“ืขื ื‘ืจืขื’ ื‘ื ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ 

ื ืฉืœืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืฉื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ืก, 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ื ืึธืš -- 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืก ื˜ืึธืŸ. 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ืคืืจืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื“ืจื™ืงื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืข 
ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’, - 

ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ 

ื’ืขื‘ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 

ืืฃ ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜... 

ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืคื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืœืื ื’ 

ื–ื™ืš ืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœืฉืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ืขืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืงืขืจืคึผืขืจื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจืืฉื˜ 

ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, 

ืก'ืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ื ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขืš ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืŸ-- ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทื’ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืœ-ืฉื, 

ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ืคืœ. 
ื‘ืืœื“ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืคื•ื™ื’ืœ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ,;ืื”ื!" 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ, 

ื•ื™ ืขืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืคืืœ, 


ื ื‘ืจื•ื ืขื 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™'ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืืฃ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืง ืื™ื– ืื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื, ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืขื, ืคืืจื’ืขืกืขื ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื ืขื.. 


ื›'ื‘ื™ื™ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ,. ืฉืจื™ื™ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, 

ื•ืฐื•ึผ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ื ืคื™ื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฐืึธืจื˜ 

ืงืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื“ืขื ืœืื ื’ืŸ. 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื ืขื --ื ืฉื˜ืื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื ื ืขืกื˜. 

ื›'ืฉืฐื™ื™ึทื’, ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ื ืขืŸ 

ืก'ื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืข ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฉืขืกื˜, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืกืฒึทื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึธื›ืŸ, ืกื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’. 


ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื ื’ืกื˜ ืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ืืคื’ื™ืš, 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•-- ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืฉ ืื™ืš. 
ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื ืขื, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขืšื™ 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ื‘. ืžืึธื’ื™ืœื ืขืจ 


35 


ืฐืืœืขืจื™ ืคึผืึทืฐืึทืœื™ืื™ืขืฐ 


ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื– 


ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข 
ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืง ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืข 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืก'ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ -- ืื™ืš ืงืœืขืจ, ืื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื- 
ื“ืืจืคื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืง- 
ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœื ืขืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข,-- ื“ืึธืก 
ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืจืขื ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืข- 
ืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ.. 


ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืจืขืžื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืž- 
ืคึผืึธื–ืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ: ืื™ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืฆืึธืคืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ื’ืจืื“, 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืคื™ืœืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื– 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ืขืก ืฉื™ื˜ ื ืึธื›ืื ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื ืฉื ื™ื™. ืึธื˜ ื ืจืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื - 
ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ 
ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื•ืืจืขืžืขืจ 
ื‘ืจืึธื ื–ืขื ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืœืš-ื’ืจื™ื ืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœืขืš, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจืึทื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืงื ืึธืกืคึผืŸ,. ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืจืขืžื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืœืขืš,. ืขืก ืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืŸ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืืฉืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืŸ. ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื 
ืฆืืจื˜ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืึธืกืŸ:ืจืฑื›ืœ, ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืงื™- 
ืžืื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ืืœืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื™ื ืขืจื•ื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ืขื ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ืžืฒึท-ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ. ืžืข ื•ื•ืืจื˜! ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธ- 
ืจืขืžื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– 


ื™ืขื“ืขืก ื’ืขืกืœ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืืœื™ืกืื“ื ื™ืง ื‘ื•ื ื˜ 
ืฆืขื‘ืœื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืืกื˜ืคึผืจืฒึทื ื˜ืœืขืš 
ืฆืขืคึผืจืืœื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื–ื™ืง. ื“ื™ 
ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืืคืŸ ืžืืจืง ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’ ืื•ื™ื‘ืก, ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ 
ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ื“ื–ืฉืึธืงืึธื ื“ืขืก ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืกืคื•ืœืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื‘ืœ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒื™ื˜ ืืฒื™ื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ, ืื™ 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื–ื ื”ื™ืกืœืฒึทืฐืขืก, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ 
ืงืœืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ.. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืคืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืึธืจืขื ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื•" 
ื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœืŸ --- ;ืฐืึธืœื’ืขืก" ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ืขืฅ 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืขื›ืœืขืš ื˜ืฉืขืžืึธื“ืื ืขืก, ื‘ืฒึทื“ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื™ืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืืจืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืจื•, ืคืœื™ื ืงืข ืคื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™", ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ื™ืœ, ,ืžืึธ- 
ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ? ืื•ืŸ , ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืฆืขืก* ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™- 
ื“ืขื ืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœืŸ. ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื“ื™ ,ืžืึธืกืงืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ" ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืืœื˜ื™ื ืงืข, ืื– ืขืžืข- 
ืฆืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื ื˜ืึธืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ืคืืจ ืงืึธืคึผืขืœ-ืงืื“ืขื˜ืŸ?, ืขืก ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš 
ื ืึธืš ,ืคึผืึธื‘ืขื“ืขืก", ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื 
ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืœืื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื”ืึธืจื‘ ืืจื•ืฃ. ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืื ืฆืข ืืจืžื- 
ื“ืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ืงืึธืจืžืขืŸ, ืึธื ืคึผืื™ืขืŸ. ื‘ืื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ 
ืžื™ืก ืืœื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก. 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ื–ืึธืงืึธืœืึธื ืงืขืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื - 
ืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืจืฒึทื–ื ื“ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, 
ื–ืึธืœืŸ, ืืฑื™ืกืžืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™, ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, 
ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™, ืฐื•ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ 
ืขืก ืื™ื–, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ื–ืึธืงืึธืœืึธื ืงืขืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ื•ืคืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ืขืก ืฉืืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื 


47 


,ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืงืขืก*, ืื•ื•ืืจื™ืขืก, ืงืจื™ื’ืขืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ" 
ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืžืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉืœืขื’ืŸ. ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, 
ืื– ืžืข ืžื•ื– ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข, -- ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื“ืขื ืจืฒึทื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืข ,ืžืื˜ืึธื™ 
ื ืขืก". 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ื–ืึธืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืœืึธืคืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืืฑื™ื‘ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืจืื“ืข ืืฃ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืœืืฅ--ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ื–ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ื“ืขืจื”ืืœื‘ืŸ ืฆืขื " 
ื“ืœื™ืง ื”ืขืœ-ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ืงืึธืœืึธื ืขืก, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืืจืงืขืก. ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ื“ืขื, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ื™ืœ-ืงืึธืœืึธื ืงืขืก. 
ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜, ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง. ื–ื™ ืื™ื–, ืื–ื•ื™ืืจื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืข. ืขืก ืฉืืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืงื™" 
ืžืื˜ ืงื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื™ 
ื‘ื™ืœืŸ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืืกืข, 
ืคึผืึธืจืŸ ืืจื•ืฃ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืืกืคืืœื˜ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคึผืœืืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื“ืจืฒึท ืžื™" 
ื ื•ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืึธื ืงืขืก ืืฃ ืึธื ืฆืืคึผืŸ ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ. ืึธื " 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืง, ืงืขืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืืกืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– 
ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ. ืขืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื‘ืœื•ื™ ืจืฑื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ืขืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื ื“ื™, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืขืก, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก, ืคืืจ- 
ืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ึผืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืืฃ 
ื“ื™ ืœึดื™ืคึผืŸ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืืคื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืœืฒื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืึธื ืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข ืจืฒึทื–ื ื“ืขืจ, ืฆื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’... 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš: ื“ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ืจืขื’ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 
ื˜ืขื’, ื“ืขืจ ื ืืกืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื™ืงืขืจ ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื”ืืžืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจ 
ืจืฒึทื–ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืงืขืžืคึผื™ื ื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืžืึธื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ืขืจ. ืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืื‘ืœ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืข ื ืœืึธื– ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ื“ื™ 
ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืืจื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ืึธืš 
ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ, ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง 
ืื™ื™ื ืข ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืฐืฒึทื– ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฒึทืกืŸ: ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธืกืฒ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื•ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก, ืฐื™ ืืŸ 
ืขืจืขื•ื•-ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืืคืŸ ืฉืึธืกืฒ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื™ 
ื‘ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ. 

ืขืœืฃ ืื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ืžื™ื ื•ื˜-- ื“ื™ 
ืฆืฒื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื–ืฉื•ืจื ืข ืึธืคึผืขืจื- 


18 


ื˜ืึธืจืฉืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืื ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ-ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ. ืื™ืจ 
ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ 
ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ืื ืจื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื ืื–ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. 
ื“ื™ ืžื•ึผืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืึธืงืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืงืึธืคึผ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ ืื– 
ื–ื™ ืคืืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืืฐื˜ืึธ- 
ืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ, ืื™ ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืžืขืงืื ืข: ;ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ 
ืืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืกื˜ืจืึธืฆืœื˜ืข ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ื ื”ืึธืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ". ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืึธื ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ;ื–ืขืงืก- 
ืื•ืŸ-ื ืฒึทื ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ* ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผืึธืจืŸ ื ื–ืึธืจื’- 
ื–ืื-ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ืขืจ ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™* ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืœืืงื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืจืคึผื•ืก. ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. 
ืืคืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืืฃ ื ื’ื•ืžืขื ืขื ืฉื ื™ืจืœ ื ืžืืœืคึผืขืœืข: ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืœ-- 
ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืืžืฉ, ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ื™ืง ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ ืฐื•ื™ ื ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืคื™ื ืฃ ืคื™ื’- 
ื’ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืื•ืคืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ: (!ืง0ื•45 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกื”ืืœื˜ืขืจืฒึท. 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ. ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืงืขืœืข, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ, ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ืœื™ื’ื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ: ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื™ืฉื™ 
ืœืขืš, ืืŸ ืืคึผื˜ืฒื™ืงืœ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื ืฆืขืฉื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืึธืœ. 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื --- ื’ืขืœืข, ืื–ืขืกืคึผืึธื ืขืžื“ื™ืงืข. ืฆื• 
ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื™ืขื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ืจืขืคึผืกืึธืฐืขืจ ื‘ืื ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืฉืืคื˜, ืื–ื• ืกืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฆื•ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืฆื™ ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ, ืฆื™ ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ. 

ื“ืขืจ ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืืจื‘ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืึธืžื™ื“ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืž- 
ื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ืขื˜ื™ืงืขื˜ืงืขืก: ืขืž- 
ื‘ืœืขืžืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ-ืงืœื•ื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืื’ืื–ืฉื ื™ืง, ืคื•ื ืขื ืงื- 
ืคึผืึธื˜. ืคื•ื ืคืึธืจื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข 
ืคืืจืขืก, ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืœืข ืคืืจืขืก -- ื ื™ื™- 
ื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื ื ืขืคึผืœ-- ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฅ-ืฐืฒึทืกืข 
ื’ืขืงืขืกื˜ืœื˜ืข ืœืืžื˜ืขืจื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ 
ื‘ืื”ืื•ื•ื ื˜ืข ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ื- 
ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™. 

ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ื’. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– 
ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก. ืื•ื‘ ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืจื™ื™ื ืข, ืืŸ 


5--161 


ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ืข, ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื ืฒึท-ื™ืึธืจ- 
ืฉืคึผื™ืœื›ืœ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืžืขืจ ืื™ืจืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืืŸ ืืงื•ืจืื˜ื™ืกื˜, ืืœืฅ ืคื™ื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ื 
ืื™ื, ืืœืฅ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜: ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืขืฉืข- 
ื ืขืก, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื‘ื ืžืื ืฆื‘ืœืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืจ- 
ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฉื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜ืข, ืœื™ื’ืŸ, ื›'ื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืงืึธ- 
ื•ื•ืขื“, ืืคืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง, ื•ื™ ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืืงืกืœืขืŸ ืึธื - 
ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคืึธ- 
ืจืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืงืึธื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืŸ-ืคื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืคืึธืจืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื ืงื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืฅ- 
ืงืจืึธื›ืขื ืขืจ, ื ืฆืขืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ืงืึธื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืŸ- 
ืคึผื•ืฉืงืข, ืฐืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกืงืจื™ื›ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžืข 
ืงืึธืŸ, ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืœ, ืคึผื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื’ืึธื“ื™ื, 
ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ืฉืงืืจืคึผืขื˜ืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืึธืจ- 
ื•ื•ืขืก, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืš, ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืฃ ืื–ื ืื™ื™ื ืขื-- 
ื ืฉืจืขืง ื ืงื•ืง ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืฃ! ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง ืคืืจืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืจื˜. ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ื’, ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืฉืืฆื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผ, ื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืžืข ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืื™ื–. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืื ืงืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™", ื•ื™ ื“ื™ 
ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืฆื•ื›ื˜: ื ืฉืœืื ืงืขืจ, ื‘ืจืฒื˜ืคึผืœืฒืฆื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืฑื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืงื•ืจืื˜ ืคืืจืงืขืžื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ืคืจื™- 
ื–ื•ืจ. ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืืงื•ืจืื˜ ื’ืขืฉืึธืจืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืงืขืžื˜ืข ืคืจื™ื–ื•ืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืึธ 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืœืื-ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืœืข- 
ื–ืขืจื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœืขืจ ืคึผืืจื™ืง- 
ืžืื›ืขืจืกืงืข, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื‘ืื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ- 
ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื’ืึธืœื˜, ื‘ืืจืขืžืœื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืงื•ืจืื˜ืข ื‘ืืงื ื‘ืืจื“ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ --- ืฐืฒึทืกืข, 
ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข. ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื”ืขืœืขืจ. ื 
ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ---ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืคืืจืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›- 
ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžืึธืœืขืจ ืฉืคึผืืจื•ื ืข ื ืคื™ื ืค- 
ืจื•ื‘ืœื“ื™ืง ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ ืคืืจืŸ ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ื’ืขืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืงืึธืœืึธืŸ. 

{ ื™ืึธืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ -- ื ืžืขื›ืฒึทืข ืืฃ 
ืื™ื ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข 
ื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ--- ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ- 
ืฐืึธืœื˜, ืื– ื‘ืื ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ, ื‘ื ืกื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื–ื ื›ืึธืกืŸ; ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขืจ, ืืŸ ืืงื•- 


ืจืื˜ืขืจ, ื ื’ืขืงืขื›ืœื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ื’ืจืืฃ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ืžืืฉื™ืŸ... 

ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืึธื ืงืข, ืฐื•ื•ึผ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ึถืขืจ ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœ:* ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ื - 
ืžืืŸ, ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ื ,ื”ืึธืจื‘ืื˜ืขืจ"--ืื–ื•ื™ ืจื•ืคืŸ 
ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืœื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœืขืŸ, ื“ืขื ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ ,ื–ื- 
ืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ* ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ. ื“ืืจืฃ 
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืึธืคึผื’ืฅ- 
ื ื™ืฆื˜ืข ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ,ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ? ืื™ื– 
ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืืœื™ืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื”ื•ืกื˜, ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืคืึธืจืฉืงืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืืจ- 
ืฆืข ืจื•ื™ื›ื™ืงืข ืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื˜ืืจืื›- 
ืงืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืื˜. ื“ืขืจ 
ืืฐื•ื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืืคืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ- 
ืžืึธื–, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืืœื™ืข ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขึถืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืืกืคืืœื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืžืคึผืขืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืžืคึผืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืŸ ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™", 

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืืค ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื˜ืืœ 
ืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืืœ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืื ื’ ืฉื˜ืขื - 
ื“ื™ืง ื ื”ืืจื‘ืขืจ, ืžืข ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืžืขื˜ืืœ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืึธื ื™ื. 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ืืžืคึผืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ืข ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœ-ื‘ื•ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™- 
ืงืข, ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื- 
ื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฉืืจืคืก, ืฐื™ ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืึธื ืฉื™ื˜ืŸ ืื”ื™ืŸ 
ืฆืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืขื ืขื ืžืขื˜ืืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืคื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื 
ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืœืื•ื•ืข. 

-- ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืฆื• ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜,--ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื - 
ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ื–ืืžืข ืจื•ื™ึดืงืข ืฉืคึผืืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ,ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ* ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ, --- ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, -- ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืžืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืฆึธ- 
ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืืžืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ- 
ืžืืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื. 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• 
ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ, ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ื‘ืืžืคึผืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™" ืื™ื– ืงื•ื™ื ืฆื• 
ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ื ืงืจื™ืฅ. ืคืืจ ื ืคื™ื ืฃ-ืื•ืŸ-ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™- 


49 


ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืžืคึผืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฉืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขื. 

-- ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืขื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ", ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื’- 
ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืจื•ื™ืงืข ืฉืจื™ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืŸ ืกืึธืคืขืง, 
ืื– ื”ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืžืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื , ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™*" ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 
ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธื“ืŸ 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื ื™ืฉื˜, ื ืงืœื™ื™- 
ื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜. -- ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืง ืคืืจื˜ืฉืข- 
ืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ. ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜. ืงืืœื™ืข ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืขืจืขืคึผืื›ืข, -- 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืœืืค ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืข 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื›ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ;ื”ืึธืจื‘ืื˜ืŸ", --- ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธืจ- 
ืžืึธื–ืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ. 

ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื‘ื- 
ืžืขืจืงื˜: ืฆื•ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ,ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ" 
ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ื ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืขื ืขืจ ืงื•ืื“ืจืื˜ื™ืง, 
ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื›ืฉื˜ืื‘ 
ื’ืง ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืžืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืงืืคึผืจื™ื–ืขืฐืฐื•ืข ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ, 
ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืจืžืึธื–. ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืฃ, ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื• ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื˜ืงืฒื™ื˜- 
ืงืืกื˜ืŸ... ื“ืขื ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืžื™ืกื™ืข, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผ- 
ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜... 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคื•ื ืขื ;ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ* ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ื•ื ืงืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธืŸ ื ืคื•ืก. ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขืš: ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืš ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื , ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ", ืฐื™ ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก, 
ืืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืฉื•ืš ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฆืขืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผ- 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืขื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ--ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื–. 

ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืก ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืคึผื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ืื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื–,. ืืฒึทื - 
ื‘ืจืขื›ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื•ืš. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™- 
ื›ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฉื•ืš.. 
ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• 
ืื™ืจ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ, ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืืžืขืจ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“. 

ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ: ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ 
ืื™ ื ืกืืš ื’ื•ื˜ืก, ืื™ ื ืกืืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ืข 
ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืื™ื ืขื ืึธืคืข- 
ื ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืื™ื ืขื ืึธืคืขื ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืง. ืกืื™ื– 
ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 


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ืฉื•ืœื“, ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื•ืคืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื 
ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึธืฐื™ืง. ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ 
ื›ืืœืื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืึธืคึผืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ 
ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืคื™ึทื™ื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข ื ืึธื–. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื– 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขื ืžืืŸ, ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆ- 
ื‘ืจืขืžื™ืงืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืŸ ื”ืืจืžืึธื ื™ืกื˜, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ 
ืขืก ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš, ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืœืขืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- * 
ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืคืขืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืคืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜. ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืืŸ 
ืืœืžืึธื ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืžืืŸ ืื™ืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ื’ืขืกืŸ. ื–ื™ ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึธืœืขื---ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ, 
ื ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืŸ, ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื”ืืจืžืึธืฉืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืขืคืฉืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžืืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืฃ 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜... ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™- 
ื“ืขืจ ื ืฐื™ืฉ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคืืจื˜ืขืš ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

--..ืื–ื•ื™ ืื– ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ื›'ื‘ืขื˜ 
ืื™ึทืš! ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ, ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ืืฆืึธืœืŸ ืคืืจืŸ 
ืฉืึธื“ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื ืงืจื™ืฅ, ืžืข 
ืงืึธืŸ ืขืก ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ 
ืฆื• ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“, ืฆื•ื“ืจื™ืงื - 
ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜.--ืขืจื ืฐืึธืจื˜, 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืฆื• ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– 
ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ 
ืจื•ื™ึดืงืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ื”ืืจื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ืื™ื ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ื ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ. ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ืœืื›ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื , ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™", ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื 
ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™", ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื - 
ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื ืงืจื™ืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข ื‘ื ื“ืขื 
ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืฒื˜ืขืงื˜ืข, ืฆื™ 
ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื•" 
ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืื ืก ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืข ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ื”ืืจื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื›ื™ืง ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืฐื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื–ืึธื“ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื - 
ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืืคืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื– --- ื“ืึธืก - 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ-- ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื‘ื ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืจืขื - 
ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜,. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืขืœืข- 


ื’ืื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืขื’ืข ืืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื ื–ืขืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 

ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื“ืึธ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒื™ื™ึทื ืžื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืขืฉืœืขื’. ื ืึธืจ ื•ื™ ืืคืฆื•ืœืึธื›ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™- 
ื ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฃ 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืคื•ืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก. 

-- ืืš ื“ื• ืื•ื™ืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ!---ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื–ืขืจื™ืง 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข. ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ- 
ืžืืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ 
ืื ืฆื™ืงื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• 
ื–ื™ืš ืขืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืก. ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืึธืจืฐืขืกืข ืคื™ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืงืฉื™ืš. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ --ืืš ื“ื• ืื•ืฑืก- 
ืฐื•ึผืจืฃ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืืžืึธืœ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. --- 
ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืืœื“ ื•ื•ืฒื™ึทื–ืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื”ืื ื˜ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“! ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ! 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข 
ื“ืืฉืขืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืก. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜, 
ืฉื™ืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืจืฐืขืกืข ืคื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืืคึผืงืขืก. ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืข- 
ืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ืข ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆ- 
ื˜ืขืจืœ, ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืข- 
ืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืืกืคืืœื˜ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคึผืœืืฅ. 
ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืคืึธืจืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“? ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืฑืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืš 
ื‘ืืœื“ ืืจืฒึทื ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืŸ ,ื–ืฉื™- 
ื’ื•ืœื™? ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืœืขื ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ืฐื•ึผ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ืืœื“ื™ 
ืจื•ื›ืขืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืืคึผืงืขืก? ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื•- 
ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืขืงืขืก-ืงืึธืœื™ืจ. ืืจืึธืคึผ- 
ืœืึธื–ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืืคึผืงืขืก, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจืคืขืœื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื 
ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก; 

ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื“ืืจืข ืฆืขืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ืข 
ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื‘ืœื™ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืื™ื ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ 
ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืคืืœืŸ. ืงื•ื™ื ืื™ื™ื - 
ื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ืืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขื˜ืึธื ืขื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืš 
ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื–,. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ืงืœืืค ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืึธื ืขื 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืœื˜ื™ื ืงืŸ ื™ืื“ืขืฉืœื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ื•- 
ื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื›ืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขื’ืœืžืขืกื™ืง 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืกืึธืคึผืขื˜ -- ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜, ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืึธืš ืคืืจืฐืึธืก, ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกึผืŸ. ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื™ืึธืจ- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืžืืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืืคืŸ ืงืืคึผืึธื˜, ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจ 
ื–ืึธืœ ื ืึธืš ืื•ึนืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 


ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ืคื•ื ืกื ืฒึท ื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. ื“ื™ 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœืขืš ืคื•ื ืขื ;ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ? ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ื‘ืื 
ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื ืคึผืึธืจ 
ืžืึธืœ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืค- 
ื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื- 
ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื›ืจืืงืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ื‘ืื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืจืขื ืง- 
ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื ืคืืจื›ื™ื“ืขืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ ืขืคืขืก 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื˜ืึธืŸ, ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื‘ื- 
ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื–ื•ื™ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ืจืขื’ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– 
ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ืกืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ืื›ื˜ืข ืจืฑึทืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืก- 
ืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืฒึทื–, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืืฆืึธืœืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืค- 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื•ื ื’. 

-- ื™ืึธ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืžื•ืจืžืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ 
ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืคื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืงืึธืœ, --- ืืฃ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ืœืขืจ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ืฐื™ ื“ื•. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืคืืจืฉื™ื•ื•ืขืฅ, ื–ืข, 
ื•ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ื›'ืคืœืขื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื ืง ,ืคื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™- 
ืกื™ืง" ืงืืจื“ืืฉืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ื˜ืื ืงืขืฃ ืงื•ืง, 
ื”ื•ื ื˜! 

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื ืงืขืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืืคึผืึธื˜, ืžื™ื˜ 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื–ึดื™ึดืšึฐ ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ื ืขื 
;ื”ืึธืจื‘ืื˜ืŸ?. ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื- 
ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ,ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ?, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœืขื›ืก. ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืž- 
ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™- 
ื ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืจื•ืงืŸ,. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืืจืข ืœืึธืคึผืขื˜ืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืืงืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืžืขื”ื- 
ืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ื ืฆืขืŸ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื’ืื–. 

ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ,ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ* ื”ืึธื˜, 
ืคืืจื›ืœื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืง ื ืฐืึดื™ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ืืจืฑื™ืกืฉืคึผืฒึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ ืจื•ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืกืื–ืฉืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื›ืข- 
ื•ื•ืื˜ืข ืฉื™ื ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืก- 
ืคืืœื˜. ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืจื™ืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืึธ- 
ืจื•ื™ืก, 

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜, ืฐื™ ื ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืืฐ- 
ื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ ืืฃ ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜-ืคืืจืžืขืกื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐื•ื™- 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฉื ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืขื’ืข ืืจื•ื 


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ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ืกืงืจื™ื–ืฉืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ื? ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืžืขืฆื ืก ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ 
ืื”ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืคื•ึผืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืคืืจื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืขื ืืจื•ื, 

ื“ืขืจ ,ื”ืึธืจื‘ืื˜ืขืจ" ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ 
ืงืจืืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืŸ , ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™". ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ืคื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืคึนืœื™ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆืขืงืจื™ืฉืœื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ื’ืœืึธื–, ื ื‘ื•ื ื˜ 
ืฉืžืื˜ืงืขืœืข---ื ื”ืืœื“ื–ื˜ื•ืš ืฆื™ ื ืฉืืจืฃ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธ- 
ื˜ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื ืกื™ื ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืงืœืขืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื“ื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™", ืื•ื™ืกื‘ื- 
ื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืขืคึผ. ื“ืขืจ ,ื–ืฉื™- 
ื’ื•ืœื™" ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืจืขื“ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงืขืจื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ /ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ" 
ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™* ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•- 
ืจื™ืง ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืืฃ ืืœืข ืคื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืขืจ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืขืจ, 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืฆืขืงืืจื“ืืฉืขื˜ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืฆืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง 
ืงืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜, ืฐื™ ื 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืงืื•ื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื›ืœืขืš. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœ, ืจื•ืคื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ื”ื™ืœืฃ, 
ื’ืขืกืงืืฐื•ึผื˜ืฉืขื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื‘ื ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ืืŸ 
ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืจ. 

ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ืก ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืจื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข, ื“ื•ืจื›ื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ, ืขืกืขืจื™ืงืข, 
ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื”ืืงื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ืค ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข" 
ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜, -- ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืงื•ื•ืขืœื›ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืžื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื•ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื ืงื™ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื™ืึธืจ- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืฉื™ืจืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื ืข, ืฐื™ื™ึทืกืข 
ืื•ืŸ,. ืฆื•ื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜: 

-- ืงื•ืง, ืงื•ืง, ืืฑื™ืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 
ืื™ื ืขื ื“ืจื™ื™-ืื•ืŸ-ืคืขืจืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื’ืข- 
ืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื ืง ื“ื™ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืขืจ- 
ื“ืขืจ. ืงื•ืง!ึผ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคืœื™ื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ! ืงื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืง! 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ื ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืฆืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืกื ืฒึท 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ,ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ* ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื’ืื ื’. 
ื“ืขืจ , ื”ืึธืจื‘ืื˜ืขืจ", ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืืœื˜, ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ื ื™ืฆื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืจืขื ืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ืฉ ื 
ืคืœื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ื‘ืืคืœื™ื’ืœื˜ ืคืขืจื“, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืง ืฉื˜ืขืคึผืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ื™ืœื ื•ื•ืืจืคืขืจ, ื–ื™ืš 
ืจืืฉื™ืง ื ื˜ืจืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก, ืฆื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื’ืื ืฅ ืงืจืขืค- 
ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื ืึธื–, ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื ืงืึธื•ื•ืื“ืœืข, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืŸ โ€ ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™". ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืจืขื’ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื ืงืขืจืขืฐืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฐื•ื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ ืืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ึทื ื’ืข- 
ืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ;ื ืึธื–* ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ึผื - 


2 


ื“ืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™", ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืืžืขืจืกื˜ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืจืŸ, ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ 
ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืข ืขื˜ื™- 
ืงืขื˜ืงืขืก. : 

ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื™ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ 
ืื™ืจืข ื˜ืืคึผืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ื•ื“ืงืข. ื ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜ืข, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ื“ืขืจื–ืขืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ. ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ื’ืขืคืึธื›ืขื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ืฐื™ ื ื”ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ืข 
ืคืœื™ื’?; ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื“ื•ื ืขืจืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
,ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ* ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ืขืจื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืข 
ืžืืฉื™ืŸ. ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•- 
ืœื™* ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜- 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืก ืืฃ ืื™ื, ื•ื™ ืืฃ ื 
ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื ืขืคืขืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื ืขื‘ืขืš, ืฉื•ืœ- 
ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ? ื“ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืื™ืจืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ, 

ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ึผืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜... 

ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืืžืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืข ื–ืืš. 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืš, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืคืืจืฐื•ึผืŸ- 
ื“ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ,. ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื’ื ื•ื•ืืจื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืงื ืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื ืืจื™ืื“ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืงืข ืื•ืคืจืฒื™ืกืŸ, 
ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ื“ืจื™ื™ ืจืข" 
ื’ืขืก ื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ื ืึธืš 
ืื™ึทืจ ืจืฒื™ึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ ื˜ืจืื›- 
ืงืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื˜ืจืื›- 
ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืœืขืš ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ. 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ืœื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืืจืึธืคึผืคืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ื”ืœื™ื‘ืขืก ืขืจื“, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื‘ืจืข- 
ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื- 
ืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื ืขืžืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืข ืคืจืึธื ื˜-ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื,. ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื˜ืืงืข, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืื ืง, ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื’ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืืœืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื˜ืื ืง ,24* ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืœืืจื™ื ื’ืึธืคึผืึธืŸ, ื™ื•ื ื’ืื˜ืฉื™ืฉ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ืืจื˜, ื’ืขืฉืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžึฟืขืŸ 
ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืก โ€ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื˜ืื ืง ืกื ืืจื™ืื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœ, ื’ืœื™ืง- 
ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืข ืฉืึธืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœืฉื˜ืื ื“. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข, ืœืฒึทื‘ืœืขืš-ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ื›ืขืฐื•- 
ืจืข. ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฉืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• 


ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ... ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืื ืง ื‘ืื ืึธืคึผืจืฒื ื™ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืงืืจืคึผืื˜ืŸ; ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฐืœืืกืึธืฐืขืฅ ื 
ืกื ืฒึทืคึผืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืึธื‘ืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืก- 
ืฉืคึผืืจื•ื ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื ืงื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืื ื’ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืคืืจืžื™ื ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคืขืœื“, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืืคึผืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจืฒึทื ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืกื•ื™ื ืขืก ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืœืื ื“! ื 
ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืคึผื˜ ื ืงื•ืœื ื•ื•ืืจืคืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื“ื•ืจื›ืคึผืœื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ,ืžืขืกืขืจืฉืžื™ื˜". 
ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ื˜ืื ืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ืื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขึถืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื™ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜!. : 

ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืืงืจื™ื•ื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ืืจื•ืžืฉืคึผื- 
ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืคืืจื‘ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ื’ืฒึท, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึธืฐื™ืง? 

ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื.. 

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืงืึธืคึผ, ืืจืึธืคึผื˜ืจืฒืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ, ื–ืฉืžื•ืจืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืืœืฆื ืงืฒึทื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ืจืขืจื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื’ืื ื’. 

ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืื–ืฉื™- 
ื’ื•ืœื™* ืึธืŸ ื ืกืึธืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ื‘ืจืขื’,. ืฐืฒึทืœ, 
ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืจืคึผื•ืก ื‘ืื ,ื”ืึธืจื‘ืื˜ืŸ" ื 
ืกืืš ืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื‘ืื , ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™*. ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจืขื‘ืขืจืŸ ืžืขื˜ืืœ, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ื– 
ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืฐื•ื™ ื ื˜ืื ืงืขื˜ืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืกืคึผืจื- 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืืกืื–ืฉื™ืจ-ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืืกื˜ืžืืฉื™ืŸ; ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, 
ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ื‘ืื ,ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ" 
ืคื•ื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงืœืขืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธ- 
ื˜ืึธืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืคืึธืจืฉืงืขื˜, ืคืืจืคืœืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืงื ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืจื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ, 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ;ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ* ืคื™ื™ื™ึดืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืืจื“ื- 
ืฉืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™". ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขื˜ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืข- 
ื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืžืฉื˜ืื ื“ ื ืึธืš 
ืœืื ื’ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืื ืกืืžืข ืจืื ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื 
ืืกืคืืœื˜ื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืคึผืœืืฅ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ืืจืึธืคึผ- 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืœืึธื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืข, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืฐื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืึธื“ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข 
ื”ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ 


ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ืื™ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ: 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜, ื’ื™ื™ ืจื•ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข.. ื’ื™ื™, 
ื’ื™ื™! 

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื ืฆื™ืง ื 
ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืึธืจืฑื™ืก, ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืึธื ืฆื•ื›ืืคึผืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“, ื ืึธืจ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ 
ืคืืจืžืื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ, ืึธื ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ืงื ืึธืคึผืงืขืก, ืื– ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืกื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื˜ื™ืจืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ืืจื™ืงืื“ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืก ืื•ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืจืฑืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐื•ืฑ 
ื‘ื ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืกื˜ืื ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, 

ื ื‘ืœื™ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืกืึธืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืืจ- 
ืงืจื™ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ืžื•ื™ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ื’ืขืงืจืฒื™ื–ื˜ ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื 
;ื”ืึธืจื‘ืื˜ืŸ", ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ื™ืจืœ, ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ืขืก, ื’ืขืคึผื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆ- 
ื˜ืขืจืœ, ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืจื›ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืก ืื™ื ืขื ืงืึธืจืคึผื•ืก, 
ื’ืขืฐื•ืึธื™ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง, ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืคื›ืืคึผืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ื“ืขื›ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื›ืœ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก 
ื“ืขื›ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืก, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ 
ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืคืœืึธื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืžืงื•ืงืŸ, 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืœืึธื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคื•ื ืขื , ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ". ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข 
ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ --ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืš 
ื‘ืืœื“ ืื™ื™ื ืก-ืื•ืŸ-ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ื™ืžืขืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“, 
ืืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื“ืงืข ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆืœืข. 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืœืื ื’ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื- 
ืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื 
ื“ืขื–ืฉื•ืจื ืข ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืœืึธืคืŸ ื“ืึธ, 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขื ื–ืึธืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ืื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืคืจืื ื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ, ืื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืœืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“, ืื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืฐืขืง ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆืข- 
ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ. 

-- ืงืœืึธืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืขื–ืฉื•ืจื ืขืจ, -- ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืืœื“ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 
ื•ื•ืืจื˜, 

-- ื›'ื•ื•ืืจื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ืžืืก- 
ืงื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื–ืฉื•ืจื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 


8 


ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืžื•ืžืขืฅ ื“ืืฉืข ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืง ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืข- 
ืœืขืคืึธืŸ-ื˜ืจืฒื™ื‘ืœ: -- ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ืืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ, 
ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜! ืฉื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™- 
ื›ืขืจ! ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ! ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜? ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜! 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืข- 
ื ื•ึผืžืขืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืขืžืขืจืœ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข 
ื–ืืš, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื ื•ื™ื˜, ืงืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื“ืขื ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืึธื•ื•ื™ืง, ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืกื•ื™ื ืข. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ 
ืจื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฐืขืœืึธืกื™ืคึผืขื“. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืื”ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ื•ื“ืงืข. ื ืจื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืข ื–ืืš, ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื ืคึผื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืฒื™ื‘ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืืฃ ืฆื• ืคื™ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื, ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื–ื ื’ืขื•ื ื˜ืŸ 
ืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืืคึผ 
ืื•ื•ืขืงืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ,ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื–ื•ื›ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ื‘ืืฐืึธืคึผืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื•ืœ, --- ื”ืึธื˜, ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืฐืึธืจ- 
ื˜ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข, --- ืงืขื“ื™ื™ 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“, ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื•ื- 
ื ืขืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข". 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืคื™ื ืคืจื•ื‘ืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืœืืกื˜ืžืืกืึธืฐืข 
ื˜ืขืœืขืจืœ ื‘ืื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ืž- 
ืงืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœื˜, ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืกื™ื™ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ, ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืจืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืืœื•ืคึผืขื˜ืข ืจืื ื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื‘ื 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ึนืŸ ืคืืจืฐื•ื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ืšืš ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืงื ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืœืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง. 

ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื•ื " 
ื’ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™* ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื ืข, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืคืืœื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืื™ืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ: ืžืข ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืžื™ึทืขืกืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื“ื™ 
ื”ืขื ื˜ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืึธืคึผ 
ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก,. ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื™ืึธืจื ืœืื ื’ ื ืฉืื ื“ืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ. ืœืื ื’, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ ืฐื•ึผื " 
ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื–ืขืœื›ืก ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš 
ื“ืขื ืืœืขื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืฃ ืื•ืŸ 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื”ืืจืฅ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 
ื’ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ --- ืžืข ืื™ื– ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืืคื™- 
ืœืข ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกืืžืข ืฉืฐืขืจืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’; 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืก ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–" 


- ืงืฒึทื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื 


ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“, ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืคืืจ- 
ืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืืจืึธืคึผ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ. 


4 


ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ... ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ- 
ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืื ืคื•ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข" 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืืฃ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ื•ื•ื™ื‘ืืœื“ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื˜ืขืœืขืจืœ ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ื ืคืขืจืœ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ื ืฐืึธืœืงื•ืœืืง! ื ื• ื ืฐืึธืœืงื•ืœืืง, -- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ืจืžืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื ืง 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื•ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ืข- 
ืœืึธืกื™ืคึผืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜. 

ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง: ืฐืึธืจ- 
ื˜ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ, ืื™ื– ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ื ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื™ื™ึทืฉืขืจ ืžืึธ- 
ื˜ืึธืฆื™ืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืขืœืข. ื‘ืื ืจื•ืœ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืื–ืฉื ืข 
ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื ื‘ืื™ืึธืจื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืข ืฐืึธื ืฆืขืก. ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ืึธื ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื”ืขืจ, ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื•ืงื•ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก, ืฆื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื•ื•ืขื˜ืข. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขืฐื•. ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข ื›ื- 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขืฐื•---ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ 
ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื ืึธืคึดื™ืฆื™ึดืขืœ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ืขืœืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืึธื˜ืึธืฆื™ืงืœ ืื™ื–, 
ืฐื™ ื ืฉืฐืึธื ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ื™ืฉืœ, ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื ื™ื ื’ื™ื - 
ืงืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจ, ื ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœ ื ืึธืš. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื’ืึธื ืขืก ืืฃ ืื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธื ืœ- 
ื ืฒึทืข. ื“ื™ |ื”ื™ื’ืข ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• 
ื–ื™ื™. ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื ืึธื ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืœ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฉืงืึธืฉืข, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื ืึธืš ื™ื•ื ื’, ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืืœืฅ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืฒึทืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืง- 
ืœืขืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ืจ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืง- 
ื–ืืžืงืฒืฒึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ืจืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ 
ืฐื™ ืืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉืข ืจืขื›ืš-ืžืืฉื™ืŸ. ืžืื›ืŸ 
ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื ืขืก, ืคืึธืจืฑืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ืคึผืจืึธื’ื ืึธ- 
ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื 
ื ืฒึทืขื, ืกื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ืœื•ื ื’. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฃ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื, 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืฒื™ืœื˜ ืฆื•ื ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขืฐื•ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขืึธื - 
ื˜ื™ืขื•ื• ื ืฐื•ึผื ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ื ืงืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืึธ- 
ื ืขืจ ืื™ื ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ืขืœืข-- ืจื™ื™ื“ ื–ื™ืš,. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, 
ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืจ, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ 
ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, --- ืื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. 

--- ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื• 
ื”ืืจื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื ืคืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขื 
ื‘ืจืื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคื•ื ืขื ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™". 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืึธืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื“ืึธืงื•- 
ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ?!--ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืืจืฃ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืงืึธืœ.--ืึธื˜ ื‘ื 


ืื™ื ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ! ื‘ื ืื™ื! --- ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืืคืŸ ,ื”ืึธืจื‘ืื˜ืŸ", 
ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆื˜ 
ื ืฆืขืฉื•ื•ึผืžืขื ืขืจ ืคืœืขืง. -- ื–ืขื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื›ื•ืœื™ื’ืืŸ, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื ื“ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ! ื–ืขื˜! 
ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืงืฒืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ. ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ื ื ืฒึทืข ืžืืฉื™ืŸ! ืงืœืึธืจ? ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ืœืื ื–ืึธืœ 
ืขืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš! 

ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืงืข, ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืจืขื“ืข 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื• ืื•ืž- 
ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื‘ื•ื“ื™ืึธื ื™-ืฐืึธื ืฆืขืก. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจ- 
ื–ืฉืื ื˜ ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืฃ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœ- 
ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืืจื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื’ืขืคืึธ- 
ื“ืขืจื˜; 

-- ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ! ืื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื- 
ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜!-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื™ืงืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืึธืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืขื˜ืขืžื˜. --- ืžืข ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืืฒื™ึทืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื- 
ื ืื ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืฃ ืงืœืึธืจ?! ืื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื ืข- 
ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืื’ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผืึธืž;ื“ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื 
ื’ืขืจื˜ื ื“ืœ? ืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ืขืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. 

-- ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื• 
ื˜ืึธืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ืื™ื ืจื•ื™ืง ื’ืขืขื ื˜- 
ืคืขืจื˜. ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื ืฆืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื•ืฃ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ื ืงืึธื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ---ืื•ืŸ 
ื›'ื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืฃ! 

ืฆื• ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›- 
ื’ืขืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ื•ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจ- 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ืž- 
ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืึธืงืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืงืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืข: 

-- ืงืœืึธืจ, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงื™ืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืคื™ืจ. 

ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ืืคืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™", ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืข" 
ื ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึทืœ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ" 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ืžืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. 
ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜,. ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก โ€ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜, ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ืœืืคึผืข,. ื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ 


ืงืœืึธืจ, ืฐื•ื™ 


ืขืกืงืื•ื•ืื˜ืึธืจ, ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฆืขืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜ืŸ 
;ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ", ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ, ืฆื•ืจื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื - 
ื’ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื“ืืฉืขืง ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ื˜ืœ, ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜:---ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืฆื˜, ื‘ื™ื˜ืข, ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ!---ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขื ื˜ืื - 
ืงื™ืกื˜, ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ;ื”ืึธืจื‘ืื˜ืŸ", ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขื‘ื•ื™ืงืขืจ- 
ื˜ืขืจ ;ื ืึธื–", ืื•ืŸ, ืคืืจืœื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื– ื“ื™ 
ืึธืคึผื™ืฆื™ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืžืื ืฆื‘ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™- 
ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื, ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืขืœืข- 
ืฐื•ื™ื–ืึธืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืืก-ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ 
ืฉืคึผื™ืœื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ื˜ื‘ืึธืœ-ืงืึธืžืื ื“ืข. ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืืœื•ืคึผืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืื ืขื ืข ืคืืจื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืฉืžืึทืงืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’: --- ืึธื”ืึธ! 

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืง, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื’, ื‘ื™ื›ืขืœืข -- ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื›ืขืœืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. 

ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื›ืขืœืข, ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืขืก ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ --ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจืฆื•- 
ืงืœืฒื™ื‘ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ, ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืข ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ื™ื›ืขืœืข, ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธื˜ืึธ-ืงืืจื˜ืœ, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืืกื˜ื™ืึธืจืงืข, ืึธืŸ ืคึผืึธื’ืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืœืื›ื˜-ืึธืจื“ืขื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ืืœืŸ. 
ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ, ืื– ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืืคืŸ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื˜; ืื–ื ื’ืข- 
ื–ื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš. ื‘ื ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืจืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขืจ 
ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ื ื‘ืื ืง ืคืืจืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืŸ 
ืืฃ ืื™ื ืคืึธื˜ืึธืืคึผืืจืื˜. 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืฒึทืš ืื”ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, -- 
ื”ืึธื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ, ื”ืืจื‘ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื™ื ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜. 

--- ืื•ึผืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืฐื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื ื™ื™- 
ื˜ื™ืง? 

-- ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง!--- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื ืจื•ืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

--- ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงื™ืŸ! 

-- ืื™ืš, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜!---ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ื ืงืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆ;ืึทื ืขืจ. 


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-- ืจืขื“ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ.. -- ื“ืขืจ 
ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื”ื•ืกื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจ ื“ืœืึธ- 
ื ื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื โ€ ื–ืฉื™ื’ื•ืœื™". ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื™ืข ื 
ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืืจืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ-- 
ืจืขื“ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืœืื ื’ืฐืฒึทืœื™ืง, 

ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืฉื™ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืœืืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื - 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืจืืžืึธื˜ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขืฐ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืืœืฅ,. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ืก ื‘ื™ื›ืขืœืข, ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขื ื ื•ืžืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™- 
ืคึผืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืŸ-ื‘ื™ื›ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืึธ, ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืงื ืืง 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’: 

-- ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœ- 
ื›ืึธืžืข, ืคึผืืคึผืืฉืข. ืึธืจื“ืขื ืก ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ, ืื– ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืœืขืงื˜ ืคืืจ ื ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืจืึธื˜ืข. 

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืืฃ 
ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜. ืืคื™ืœืข ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื 
ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืฃ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื- 
ื‘ื™ื ืข,. ืฐื™ ื ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืคึผืฒึทื ืœืขื›ืข ืžืื›ืฉืึธ- 
ื•ื•ืขืก, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื• ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื˜, ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืื ืก ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ื ืคืขืœืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื 
ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ื“ืืฉืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜; 

-- ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื•ื™, ืคึผืืคึผืืฉืข, ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืึธืคืขื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื - 
ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ืŸ-ื‘ื™ื›ืขืœืข, -- ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื˜ ืืฒืฒึทืš ืจื•ื™ืง ืื”ื™ื™ื. 
ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืจื•ื™ึทืง. ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืื™ื’ ื–ืึธืœ ืืคืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฆืขืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ืŸ 
;ื–ืืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ",. ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืข- 
ื”ืขืจื™ืง ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ. -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืง ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงื™ื ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื: -- ืžืึธืœ ื ืึธืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืข 
ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ ื“ืขื ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืึธื ื˜ืฒืœื ืขืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข!-- ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“,--- 
ืฆื•ื ืืœืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื”ื™ื™ื, ืžืขืœื“ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธื‘ืขืก?. ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื™ืงืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ 
ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืจืขืžืึธื ื˜. ืืฐื•ื™ ืื– ืื™ืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 


1 ื’ ื!-- ืื‘ืจืขื•ื•ื™ืื˜ื•ืจ. 
- ืกืคึผืขืงืฆื™ืข (ืจื•ืก.). 

? ืกืึธื‘ ืข ืก-- ืื‘ืจืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืื˜ื•ืจ. 
ืจื•ื ื’ (ืจื•ืก.). 


6 


ืžืขืœื•ื›ื™ืฉืข ืืฐื˜ืึธ-ืื™ื’- 


ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืข ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืข- 


ืจื•ื™ึดืง ืคืึธืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืœืื ื’ืข ื”ืขื ื˜,--ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ, -- ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ,. ืžื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืจืืคื™ืจืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข 
ื›ื•ืœื™ื’ืื ื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš... ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืจืข- 
ื›ืขืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื• ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“, --- ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜. ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ 
ืื™ื ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžืขืกืœืขืก, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, --- ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขืฐื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืคื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, -- ื“ืึธืก ืกืืžืข ื”ืขื›- 
ืกื˜ืข. ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜?--- ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. --- ืžื™ืจืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืืงืข 
ื‘ืืฉืœื™ืกืŸ. ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืื ืื™ื ื ื•ืืœื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื ืฆื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืฑื™ื˜ืขืง. 
ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืกื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืืจ- 
ืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืึธืขืก -- ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืงืืœื™ืขื˜ืฉืขื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธืก ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื˜ืจืขืฉื˜ืฉืขื˜ืข ืคืืจื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข ืœื™ืคึผืŸ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜: 

-- ื ื“ืื ืง. ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืŸ ื“ืื ืง, ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜. 

ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื”ืื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื“ืืฉืขืง: 

--- ืคืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืž- 
ืจื•ื™ึดืงืŸ... -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ 
ืฆื• ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงื™ื ืขืŸ: -- ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงื™ืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืคึผืืคื™ืจืœ? 

-- ื˜ืืง ื˜ืึธื˜ืฉื ืึธ! 

ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•' ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื ืืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ: 

-- ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ ืื”ืขืจ! -- ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ื - 
ืงืขืจ ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืข ื‘ืขืงืขืœืขืš ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจื“ืข, ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืืกื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ื™- 
ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืื›ื˜, ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืœืึธืงื ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืข- 
ื›ืืกืžืขื˜ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื• ื ืงืœืืค ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงื ืืคืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืื™ื ืขื ืื - 
ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืŸ ื•ืขื’. 

ื›ืจื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ, ื”ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ,ื–ื- 
ืคึผืึธืจืึธื–ืฉืขืฅ* ื–ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืคึผืœื™ื›ืขื•ื•ืื˜ืข ืจืขื“ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืืก- 
ืคืืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ื–ืึธืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข. ื“ืขืจ 
ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืก ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™; 

--- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜-- 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• 
ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืœ. --- ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืฆืึธืœืŸ 


ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ? ืฐืขืจ?! ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืข- 
ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ?--ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื ืคื™ืจ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื”ืืจื˜ ืœืขื ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื•ืก 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. --ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืคืืจ ืืœืฅ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื 
ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืื ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ- 
ืฆึตื•ื™ื’ึฐืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจื•ื™ื›ืœ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืก, 
ื•ึดื•ื™ ืกื•ืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืขืกืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืึดื™ื‘ึถืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืืคืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืžืขืœืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ื–ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœ 
ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื ืฆืขืก: 

-- ื›'ื•ื•ืขืœ ืคืืจ ืืœืฅ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ 
ืคืืจ ืืœืฅ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืœืขืš ื ื–ืึธื’ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ 
ืคื•ืœืŸ ืงืึธืœ:---ืืš ื“ื•..---ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืฒึทื ืฆื•ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืงืึธืžืื ื“ืขื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ:--- ืื ื•, 
ื–ืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืขืœืข, ืžื™ืจืŸ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข. ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ื“ืึธืจื˜! ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื- 
ื ืื ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืื ืื - 
ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ืก'ื’ืขื”ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืฐืขืกื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืฃ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขืกืœืขืก 
ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืจื•, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืขืก ื“ื™ืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ? ื–ืึธืœ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื•ื ื“- 
ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื ื•ืฅ. ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื ื˜ืขืœ ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜.. ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ? ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ืจ ืืฃ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื - 
ืœืขืจ! ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงื™ืŸ, --- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฉืืจืฃ ื ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจ,--- 
ืคืืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ื“ืึธ. ืฐืขืกื˜ ืคืืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื - 
ืฆื™ืข. --- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ึผ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืืคืงืขืก ืืคืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืืกืคืืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข 
ื“ืืฉืข, -- ืคืืจืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ ืืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ืฐืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืค- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืฐืขืจ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืงืœืข- 
ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืืคืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืฆื™ืงืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ืขืฅ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืื ื’ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ, 
ื–ืฉืžื•ืจืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื›ื™ืงืข ื“ื•ืจื›ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขื›ืข 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆืึธืจืŸ, ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ; 

-- ืื ื•, ืื ื•, ื–ืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืืจืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื ืขื ืฐืขื’ืขืœืข! ืฐื™ืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืคื™ืงืกื™ืจืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ืื– ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื ืฐื•ื•ื™- 
ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข. ืงืœืึธืจ? ืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงืœืึธืจ?! 

-- ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, 
ืื™ืจ- ืื™ืจ.. 


ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื–?! 
ื’ื•ื˜, ืžื™ืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ืขืŸ. ืฐื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 


ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ืฆื™ ืื™ืš! 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืื ืื - 
ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจ-ืงืœืฒึท-ื‘ืŸ! -- ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื–ื™ื“ืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทืœื˜ืข 
ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ืžืึธื˜ืึธ- 
ืฆื™ืงืœ, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื•ืก ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ- 
ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืขืœืข. 

-- ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™-ืึธ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™- 
ืœื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ืจื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ; 
;ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ"... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ืขืคึผืขืก 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜. ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืื•- 
ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜: ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืคืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– 
ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ 
ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ ืืฑืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืคืืจื ืขืžื˜ ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืฉื˜ืขืœืข... ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขื•ื• 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืงืึธื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืฃ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืขื’ืข ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉื˜: ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ 
ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกืขืจื–ืฉืื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื’ืึธื ืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืืŸ ืื™ื - 
ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื, 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜: ,ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ"... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจ 
ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ. ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉ- 
ืงื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืจืื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืงื˜ื™ืง --- ืงืึธืœื–ืžืืŸ 
ื–ื™ึทื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฃ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขึถืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืขืก ื‘ื- 
ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขืฐ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›? ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื–. ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืฆื™ืงืœ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืจืขืฐืขื˜, ืื–ืฉ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™- 
ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืคืืœืŸ. ืœืขืึธื ื˜ื™ืขืฐื• ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึดืงื˜. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงื™ื ืก ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื–ืึธืจื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ื“ืืฉืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ื•ื“ืงืข ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ 
ืืฃ ื ื ืฒึทืขื ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืคืึธืจืŸ 
ืืฃ ื“ืึธืจืขื. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืงืืœื™ืขื˜ืฉืขื˜ืขืจ ,ื–ืฉื™- 
ื’ื•ืœื™", ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืœืึธื ืงืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื‘ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
;ื–ืขืงืก-ืื•ืŸ-ื ืฒึทื ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืืจืงืข", ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืคืืจืœืึธืคืŸ, 

ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ--ืฉ. ื“ืึธื ื’ืืจ 


ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™; ื˜ืื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืกืŸ 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ 


ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืงื–ืืœืŸ 
ืฆื•ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืข ื”ืืคื ืก ืืœืข 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืคืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง. 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ --ื ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ, 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืื˜ืจืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื’. 
ืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ืขืก ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขึถืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืœ-ื”ื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจืข 
ื˜ื•ื ืงืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืื ืขื˜ืŸ-ืคืœืื. 
ื ืฒึทืข ืกืคึผื•ื˜ื ื™ืงืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืงืึธืกืžืึธืก-ื™ืื. 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืงืœื•ื’ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื™ืขื: 
ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื˜ืขื’, ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ. 
:ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ ืฉืืฆื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืœื™ืขืŸ, 
ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ --ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜. 


ื ืจ ืขื’ืŸ 


"ื™ืฉ 


8 


ืก'ืจืขื’ื ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™, 


ื›'ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื‘: 


ืก'ืจืขื’ื ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™, ื•ื•ื™ ื ื˜ื•ื™ื‘, 

ื’ืื ืฆืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืžืขืกืœืขืก ืื–ื•ื™. ื’ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜. 
ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ืก'ืจืขื’ื ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™, 

ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ืก'ืจืขื’ื ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™, 


ื‘ืœืขื–ืœืขืš-ืจืขื’ื ื“ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื™. 


ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 


ื ืื›ื˜ ืฆืขืจื™ื ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ืœ 

ืจืึธื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ, ืฐื™ึทืœ 

ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ, ืก'ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื ืžืฒึทืœ, ื ืžืฒึทืœ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื–ืขื˜: ื‘ื™ื’ื™ืœ, ืฆืŸ, ื™ืžื™ 

ืคืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ื˜, 


ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœ. 


ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืขืœื“ ืคืืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“. 


ืก'ืจืขื’ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“, ืืฒึท, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืก? 

ืก'ืจืขื’ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“, ื ื•, ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก? 

ืื•ืŸ ื›'ื“ืขืจื–ืข, ื•ื™ ืืฃ ื ื‘ื™ืœื“; ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก! 
ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจืก ืฉื ืขืœ, ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืฉืื˜, 


ืคืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœ 
ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืคืขืœื“. 


ืื•ื‘ ืกืข ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืš ืฉืจืฒึทื‘. 


ื ื‘ืืจื’ 


ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืืจื’ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, 
ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ื‘ืืจื’---ื ืจื™ื–, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืืจืฃ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ืฉื•ืขืจื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“ื™ืง ืืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก. 


ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืœื™ืืกืŸ ื˜ืขื’-- 
ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืœืงืŸ-ืจื•ื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ 
ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš, 


ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขื ื˜ืฒึทืš 
ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืืจื’. 


ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 


ืก'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืืœืข; 

ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ, 

ื ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก? 
ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 
ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš, 

ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืก, 


ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, 

ืื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ 

ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื’ืขืก ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ื•ืฉืœืขืŸ ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืขืก ื”ื™ืŸ-ืื•ืŸ-ื”ืขืจ. 


ืงืื˜ืฉืงืขืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื 

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื–ืŸ, 

ืฉืคึผืขืจืœืขืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืจื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฉืœื™ืืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ืžืขื•ื•ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ 
ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจืŸ ื ืกืืš, 


ืฉื•ื•ืขืœื‘ืขืœืขืš -- 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื•ื’ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื‘ืืจื™ืจืŸ, 


ืืฃ ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืขืŸ -- ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจื’ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜-- 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืงืืจื’. 


ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจื’ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜, 
ื‘ื™ื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ-ื”ืขื ื˜ ืงืื™ืึธืจ 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืจื’ -- ืžืขืกื•ืงืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ -- 
ื ืจื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. 


ืฆืขืฉืขื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืจื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืฆืขื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ-ืงื•ื•ืขืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืคืืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืœ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ 


ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“ืฉื ืขืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืขืจ-ื”ืขืง. 
ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืก,. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขื“ืขืจืŸ-ืกืืคึผืคื™ืจืŸ, 
ืงืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืฒึทื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืง. 


ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืžืขื•ื•ืขืก?.-- 

ืึธื“ืœืขืจืก, ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ืจื™ื, 

ื•ื•ืขืžืขืก ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืœื™, 

ื˜ื•ืกื˜ ื ืงื•ืง-- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื“ืœืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืจืข 
ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืคืœื™. 


ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, 
ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืงื ื“ื™ืง ื ืงื™ื ืข 

ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืคื•ื™ื’ืœ -- ื”ื•ื™ืš ืขืก ืคืœื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงืœื•ื’ืข ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ื˜ืจืฒึท ืื™ื ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ, 

ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜. 


ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš 

ืื™ื– ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ --- ืฆื™ืคึผื•ื™ืจืข, 

ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืคึผืœื™ึดืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ-ืžื™ื˜. 

ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขื, ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืขืจื“ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ ืคืœื™ื˜. 


ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ--ื“. ื›ืฒึท ืงื™ื ืข 


ื ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 


ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข, ืžื™ึดืขืกืข, 
ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืกืข, 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืข, ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืฆืืจื˜ืข, 
ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข, ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืข, ื”ืืจื˜ืข 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืื˜--- 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื˜ืื˜! 


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ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 

ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืื˜, 

ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜, 
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ืื˜... 


ื ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื•ืขื›ืฅ 


-- ื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ืกื˜ื•, ืฐืึธืก ืžืื›ืกื˜ื•, ื–ืึธื’, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืขืœืข. ืึธื’ื™ 
-- ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ืŸ; 


ืคืืจื‘ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืืจื’, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื ืืค, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื ืงืืคึผ; 


ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธืกื˜ -- 
ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืฆื•ืคึผื˜ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื– 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ื™ืกืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ; 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ -- ื“ื™ ืงืืฅ... ืืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ! 
-- ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ื ื‘ืจืื•ื•ืขืจื™ื™ 


ื˜ื™ืจ-ืื•ืŸ-ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 


ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื ืฒึทืข 


ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื ื›ืฒึทืข, 
ืึธื ื’ืขืžื™ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ (ื ืฆืึธืจืข!) 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื ืึธืจืข 


ื ืฆื•ื ื’---ื ืฉืจืขืง! 


(ืึธืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ), 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื”ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทืข, 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื ื ืฒึทืข. 


ื ืฆื•ื ื’ 


ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ, 


ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข-ื˜ืฒึทืš 
ืฐื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืจืึธืงืขืก ืขืง, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืงื ืฆื•ื’ืœืฒึทืš. 
ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ, 


ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืึธืจืขืฆืงืขืจ 


ื‘ืจื™ืง, 


ืขึน 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื–: 
ื ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ--- ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–! 


ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ื. ืงืืฆืขื•ืฐ 


ื›ืื™ึดื ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“ 


ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 


ืจืึธืžืืŸ 


18 


ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜: 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ? 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ?--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. -- ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 

-- ื‘ืึธืจืขืš, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืืŸ ืื›ื–ืขืจ, ื‘ืึธืจืขืš. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“! 

-- ื•ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“? ืžืืžืขืฉ ื ืคึผื™ืฆืขืœืข! 

ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืงืจื™ื’ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 

-- ื‘ืึธืจืขืš, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืงืœืืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื˜ื™ืจืฃ 

--- ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืงืœืืคึผืŸ?! 


ืก ืึธ ืฃ. ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื–ืข , ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื ื•ืž. 9, 10, 11. 


1 


--- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก? ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื ืข ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื ืข! ืฐืขื“ืœื™ืง ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืงืœื•ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืคืจื•ื™. 

-- ืื•ื‘ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืงืœื•ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. 

--- ื‘ืึธืจืขืš, ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืืŸ ืื›ื–ืขืจ, ื‘ืึธืจืขืš! ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ, ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื™ 
ื˜ืขืœื ืข. 

--- ืื•ื™, ื‘ืึธืจืขืš.-. 

-- ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ืฐืึธืก, ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข. ื“ื• ืฉืœืึธืฃ. ืœืึธื– ืžื™ืš ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ. 

ื ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ? ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคืขื ืข ืืฑื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืข" 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ืจืข ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืฉืขืœืึธื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ื™ืจ- 
ื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืืจื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืกืจื™ื™ืคืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืžืขืกืœืขืกื ืฐืฒึทื– ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืง 
ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืขืฉืขืœืึธื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื–ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ืก 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืกืจื™ื™ืคืขืก, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืงืืœื™ืขื˜ืฉืขื˜ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“... ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธื™ืื‘ืขืจ. ื ืึธืš ื 
ืจื•ื™ืงืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ื’ืจืื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทื ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืจืื ืง ืงื™ื ื“, 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜. ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืœืŸ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืžืึธื–ืœืขืŸื™ 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผื•ืœืžืืŸ-ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ, ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืคึผื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ื™ึธืจื˜ืข, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึธื–ืœื˜ ื 
ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ืžืขืœืข... ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื”ื™ืฅ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืข ืื•ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขื–ืฉื™ืคึผืขื˜. ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืœ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืงืขืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ, ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืจืŸ 
ืฆื• ื“ืขื. ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืžืืŸ ื ื–ืฉื•ื•ืื•ื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืขืœืข, ื ื“ืืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืฃ 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ: 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืฉืœืขืคึผืกื˜ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื™ืคืขืœืข? ื–ืขืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ืึธื˜ ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืฐืขืงื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฐืขืงื˜ืจืึธื’ืฃ--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. -- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜: ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืข" 
ืกืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. 

ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ืคืจื•ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืืฐืขืงื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื ื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ืจ" 
ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื•ืกืขืจืŸ: 

-- ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืขืก ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข? 

-- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฐืขืงื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸื™ 

ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขื ืื•ืžืขื ื“ืœืขืš-ืœืื ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืจืขื’ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื ืกืง. ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“, ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืœืื ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืจื™ื’ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื ื™ืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื ืฉืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืœื™ืคึผืขืœืขืš ืคื•ื ืขื ืงื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืœืขืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืฉื ื™ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื " 
ื’ืขืฉืงืจืื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืคืจืึธืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฐืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ. ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ 
ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ: 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืฆืกื˜ื• ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงืกื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื ื™ืกื™ื? ื’ืฒื™ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืข. 

ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืข" 
ืœืึธื–ื˜, 

= ื’ืœ ื ื™ื™-ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“. ื”ืึธื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื ื™ื˜. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ืื™ืš 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜? ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ืžื•ื–ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 

ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ. ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืœืขื ื’ื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ืขืฉืข- 
ืœืึธืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ ืงื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื™, ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆืฒื™ื›ื ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืงืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ืขื ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆื™ืคืขืจืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ื" 
ืžืขืจืงืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœื™ึดืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืคืขืจืฆืŸ. ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืกืŸ ื ืงืืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืข" 


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ื›ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืขื ื“ืื˜ื•ืจ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜ 
ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืขื ื“ืื˜ื•ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ื ื ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื‘ื™ืงืขืก 
ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื˜ืœื™ืฆืขืก -- ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขื ืื ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืš. ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื–ื ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืž- 
ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืขื ืขื ื’ืืกื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 

-- ื ืึธืš ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? 

-- ื ืึธืš ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 

-- ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. ืืœืฅ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜. ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ.. 

ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืฆื•ื ืฉืึธืš-ื‘ืจืขื˜ืœ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜. ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜ืข, ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืœื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืจื™ื ืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผ 
ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฉื˜ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ 

-- ื–ืข, ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื“ืึธ. ืฐืึธืกื™, ื“ื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜! ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš 
ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืื ืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™... ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืื ืฆืŸ, ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ- 
ื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜. 

-- ืื™ืš ืžื•ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, --- ื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ืจืก.-- ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ืงืจืื ืง ืงื™ื ื“. ืขืก ื”ืืœื˜ 
ื ืื ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ, | 

-- ื˜ื• ื ืึธืจ ื ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ืื™ืจ! ื ืฆืขืฉื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืข, ืขืก ืจื™ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืฐื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืข, ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ืคื•ืœืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, 

ืื•ื– ื–ื™, ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข, ื ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™: 

-- ืื™ืš ืžื•ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜! 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ืืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ืึธืš ื ื˜ื™ืจืœ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืข 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ืื™ืึธืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืžืืŸ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ืื™ืึธืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉืคึผืืŸ, ืื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉืคึผืืœืขืก ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืขื˜ืœื™ืฆืขืก. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ืžืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

-- ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ --- ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. -- 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืื ืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ, ืืฃ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ, ืื– ืงื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜. ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ 
ื ืงื•ืง, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืจื™ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืื ืฅ 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’: 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ? ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš. ืืฒึทืš ื’ืื ืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜: ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื. ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขื ืื ื˜. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜? ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืืœืขืก. 

--- ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืš!:-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ. -- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืืคืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ืžืฒึทื ืก ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ื˜. ืื™ืš ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจืฑื™ื˜. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜, ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ื–ื™ ืžื•ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื™ืึธืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืžืืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ. 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืจืึธืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืžื•ืกืขืจ: 

-- ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืืฒึทื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืึธื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜? ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงื- 
ืคึผืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื”ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื– 
ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ืฐืึธืกื™? ื–ื™ ืžื•ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ... ื‘ืœืึทื˜ืข ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ... ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ? ืื ื•. ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืก. ืงืจื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืงื™ึดืึธืกืง: } 

ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืึธืกืง ื”ืึธื˜, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื. ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืจืกืึธื ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืžืขื ื“ืื˜ื•ืจ, ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืื”ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื™ืึธืจื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืžืืŸ. ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื ืœืขื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ; 

-- ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืื™ืึธืง. ืืœืฅ, 


03 


ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ. ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืœ 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืขืกื˜ืขืœืขืš ืงืึธื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืŸ, ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืฐื•ึผืจืฉื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืง 
ื›ืื–ืขืจ-ืฉืžืืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื”ื™ืคึผืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ื”ืืจื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ. 

--- ืื•ึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื™ืŸ ืงืจืขืคึผื“ืขืฉื™ื ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื“, ืืฃ ื“ืขื -- ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืก 
ื ืจืขืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืก? ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ---ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜-ื’ืขืคืืœื“ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ื“? ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœ. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจ" 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืœืขื ืข ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืืจื™ื™ื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ื˜, ื–ืข ืื™ืš, ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืคึผืจืืงื˜ื™ืฉืข.--ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืžืืฃ.-- 
ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื–ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืข. 

--- ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืจืขืก ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข... 

--- ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงืœืฒื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ื ื•, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื“ืขืฐืขื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“. : 

ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืืฑื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืจืขืœืกืŸ, ืืœืข ืคืขืจืฆืŸ ืงืึธืœื™ึดืขืก. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืึธืคึผืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืืฃ ื ืงืึธืœ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืฐื™ ื ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ืขืœืข: ืื™ื™ื ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท, ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื™ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืจืขืœืกืŸ, ื˜ืื ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขื ,ื“ืจืฒึทืฆืŸ". ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืก, ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจืฆื ื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื ื™ืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืฒึทื ืฉืœื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ื›ืืฉื›ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืคื”ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืกืŸ ื ืงืืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื›ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฐืขืœื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ ื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืืจื•ืฃ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื–ื ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืื™ืจ ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“, ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื™ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืขืจ, ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ. ื ืงืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืืจืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขื˜ืขืจ ื›ืฒึทืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืืœื˜ 
ื‘ืื ืื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื™ืขื˜ ืคืืจ ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง. ืฐืึธื™ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื™ืขื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื™ืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืืžืขืœืขืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืžื•ื™ืจืขื“ื™ืงื• ื›ืืฉื›ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืคืืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืฒึทืขืจ? ืื™ืจ ื ื‘ืœืขื ื“ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื”ืื ื˜ ื”ืึธืก ื–ื™ ื 
ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืืงืกืœ. ื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืงืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ? 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืคึผื™ื ื˜? ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืฑื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืžืื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืคึผืืœืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืœืืžื˜ืขืจื ื“ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜, 

-- ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื™ื›ืฆื˜. --- ืื•ื•ืขืง ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืฉืขืœืึธ! ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ 
ืžืฒึทื ืก... ืขืก ื”ืืœื˜ ื‘ืื ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ! 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ? ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื”ื™ื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ? ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ื˜ื•ืข ื’ืข" 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ื™ืข? 

--- ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš. ืคืขืจืฆืŸ ืœื™ื ื™ืขืก 
ืื”ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืฆืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 

--- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•? 

--- ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ึดืขืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื˜. 

ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก. ืงืœืฒึทื‘ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ-ืึธ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸื™ 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืกืคึผืขื˜ืฉืขืจ. ื“ื• ื”ืขืจืกื˜! ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืืฃ ื“ืขื 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ. ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ" 
ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื“ื™ืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืกืŸ ืืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื 
ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืืžื˜ืขืจื ื“ืœ, ืื•ึผืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืงืึธืœ, 
ื ืงืึธืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืจื™ืฆื˜ ืืคืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœืขื‘ืฃ 

-- ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’!--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ.---ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื•ืคึผื™ืง! 

ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: 


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-- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜, ืื™ืš ื•ืฐื•ืขืœ ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. 

ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืจืขืœืกืŸ. ืขืจ -- ืคืึธืจืฑื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืืžื˜ืขืจื ื“ืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜, ื–ื™ -- ื ืึธืš ืื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื™ื ืขื ืคืืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืขื ืฐืึธืœืขื ืขื ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืœ. ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ื ื”ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ื ืก ื“ืขืจื–ืขื– ื“ืขื ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืก? ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆื™ืคืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืืจื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก. ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืื™ื• ื–ื™ ื’ืข- 
ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ. ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜, ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฐืขืœื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜, 

-- ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก... ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™... ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืืฒึทืš ืึธืคึผื“ืื ืงืขืŸ? 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืื ืงืขืŸ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืœืขืš ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. -- ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ, ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืžืฒึทื ื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ื•ื•ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืš ืืจื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืžื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื ืงืืœื˜ืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืขื›ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ.. 

...ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืจืขื’ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื›ืืฉื›ืขืก, ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืืจืฉื•ืฐื•ื•ื ื“ืขื ืขื ืขืฉืขืœืึธ, ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืืœื˜ืŸ ืจืขื’ืŸ ืื•ึนืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆืขืฉืึธื˜ืขื ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืื– ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜... ืฆื™ ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืฆื™ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜, 
ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜: 

-- ื‘ืึธืจืขืš, ื“ื• ืฉืœืึธืคึผืกื˜? ื”ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื’ื™ืกื˜. ืžืืžืขืฉ ื ื–ืœื™ื•ื•ืข... 

-- ืฐื•ึผ ื’ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ื–ื™ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึทืงื˜. -- ืื–ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืขืจื ื˜ืข ื ืื›ื˜... ืฉืœืึธืฃ... ืฉืœืึธืฃ... 

ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืžื•ื– ืขืจ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืึธื ืขื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ 
ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืืคืกื ื™ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืฉืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืืคึผืขื˜ืฉืงืขืœืข ืœื•ืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ, ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืึธื ืขื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉืœืฒึทื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฐื•ึผ ื ืงืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืืจื’ืŸ, 

ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืึธื“ื ืข. ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ืงืึธื, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ, ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ืงืึธื, ืžืืงืืจ 
ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื ืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืืจืงืฒึทืœืขื›ื™ืงื˜ืข ืืงืกืœืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ืืœืข ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืžื•ื˜ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื ื”ืืœื‘ืขืจ 
ื ืื›ื˜. ืคืืจ ืื™ื, ืคืืจ ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจื™ื™, ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ื˜ืขื•ื•ืข ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืื›ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืฅ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืื™ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ? 
ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืฉืœืื‘ืขืจื™ืง, ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืฉืขืง ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜, ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื– ื ืฉืึธืงืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ื ืก, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื• 
ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง, ื•ื• ืžื™ื˜ืคื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง, ืฆื™ ืคืืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืžืืงืืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ... ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืืงืืจ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื’ืขื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืคึผืืคืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื- 
ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. ืื– ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืื˜ื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขื, 
ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜. ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืื– ืขืจ, 
ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืขื ืงืœืขืš ื ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืจืฒึท. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืืœืฅ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืขื”ืืœืขืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ืกื˜ ืืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืขื ืงืœืขืš, 
ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจืกื˜ืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘, ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื•ืžื’ืข- 
ืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืงืืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
,ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ืŸ", ื”ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ื™ืขื ืข ืคึผืืคึผืงืข, ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ 


ืก6 


ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื 
ืงืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืคึผืงืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 

-- ืื–ื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. 

ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื, ืื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื›ืžื•ืจืขื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื– 
ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืฅ ื ืจืฒื™ื“ ื˜ืืงืข ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. 

-- ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ 
ืฉืื‘ื™ืกืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืขื˜ืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข. ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืžืขืกืข ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข ืื™ื– 
ืฉืื‘ืขืกืงื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืข ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืืžื•ื ื’. 
ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข ืจืื‘ืึธื ื™ื. ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขื ื ืขืคึผืžืืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื ืึธื ื™ืžืข, ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื ื˜.,. ืื•ึผืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืžืขื›ื•ึผื™ืขื•ื•... : 

ืื™ืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ-ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจืœืขืš-ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืœื™ืง-ืฉื˜ื™ืœ. ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื 
ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืœืข ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืืฃ ื‘ืึธืจื™ืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ื’ืึธืจื’ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜. ืคืืœื ื“ื™ืง, ืคืœื™ึดืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืฑืกืฉืจืฒึทืขืฃ 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ื’ืจื•ื ื˜? ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžืขื›ื•ื™ืขืฐ? 

ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื˜- 
ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืจืื’ืข: 

-- ืื•ึผืŸ ื•ื•ืื›ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜? ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ? ื•ื•ืื›ื–ืืžืงื™ื™ื˜: 

ืžืืงืืจ ืคึผื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื’ืจืึธื‘ืœืขื›ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ: 

--- ืื“ืขืจืื‘ืข, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸื™ื™ 

--- ืฐื•ื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜? 

ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืืŸ ื ืกืืš ื–ืื›ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžืืงืืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืจืฆืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจืขืจ 
ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขื ืึธืคึผื’ืจื•ื ื˜. 

--- ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืืกืงื•ื“ืกื˜ื•ื•ืข? 

ืžืืงืืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฐื•ึผืจืฃ. 

--- ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ืš ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ึผืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก... ืฐืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข? 

--- ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข? ืฐื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ? 

-- ื ื•, ืึธื˜, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ.. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš? 

-- ืื– ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก... ื ืจืึธื•ื•. 

-- ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ื”ืจืื‘ืืจื ื™ืง. ื•ื•ืขืœื•ื•ืœ ื”ืจืื‘ืืจื ื™ืง! ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืืœืข 
ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืžื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืื–ืื•ื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืื ืื - 
ื“ืขืจื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ. ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื ืคืืจืฉื™ื˜ื™ 

--- ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข? 

-- ืื•ื™ืš ื ื”ืจืื‘ืืจื ื™ืง! 

--- ืื•ึผืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจื–ื™ื™ื“ืข? 

--- ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ื™ 

--- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืงืืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. -- ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข! 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. 

--- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜? ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜. 

-- ืขืจ ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืืžืขื•ื•ืื˜ืข. 

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืคื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ 
ืืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืœื™ื ืงืก, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืงืœืขืš... ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืข ื‘ืขื ืงืœืขื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ 
ื–ื•ืึธืจืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื•ืคื›ืืคึผืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ื• 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก --- ืฉืื‘ืขืกืงื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืฒึทื’ืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ 
ืžืืงืืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. 

--- ืื•ื™ื‘ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉืŸ... ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืื‘ืขืก. 


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-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜? ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš? ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืฅ! 

-- ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ? ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ! ืก'ืื™ื– ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, 
ืฐื™ ื ืฆื•ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ... ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืข. ื–ื™ ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื”ื•ื - 
ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจืขืจ. 

-- ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืึธืจ? ื ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืข? ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื ืขืคึผืžืืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืข? 

-- ืฆื•ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ื ื™ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทืกืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™: ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข.. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– 
ื“ืึธืš ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืื›ื˜ืข! 

ื ืœืขืคื™ืฉืข, ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™- 
ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืฑื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื 
ื”ืึธืจ, ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื•ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ึนื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›- 
ืžืืจืฉื™ืจื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื, ืฐื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื ืคึผืืจืื“, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ. ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื”ื™ื™ื–- 
ืœืขืš, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืงืื“ืขืฉ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ, ื•ื™ึธืืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืก ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจื˜ 
ืืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืกืžืฒึทืกืข ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธื ื‘ืืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ 
ืจืึธื›ืขืœืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืœื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืคืืจื’ืขืกืœืขื›ืข ื›ืืกืขื ืข... ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืœื™ื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืžืฒึทืกืขืœืขืš.. ืขืค- 
ืฉืขืจ ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืžืฉื˜ืื ื“ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขื ื•ื™, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, 

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื ืžื•ื™ืจืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืจืึธืกื˜, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืฉื ืข ืืฃ ืฆื• ื›ืืœืขืฉืŸ. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืื– ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ 
ื’ื™ืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืžืขืก. ืคืืจ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ื ืขืคึผืžืืŸ, ืื•ึผืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืฉืื‘ืขืกืงื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ, ื ื’ืึธืจ 
ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืจืึธืฐ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื™ ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืจืขื•ื•. ื ืžืฒึทืกืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ, 

ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื ื‘ืœื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธื›ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืฉืคึผื™ื–ืŸ. ื ื‘ืœื™ืง, ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืฉืื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™. ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืื– ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืœืฒื™ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืœื“ื™ืงืข 
ืื ืึธื ื™ืžืงืข, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, 

ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืงืึธืคึผืฉืฐื™ื ื“ืœ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœืขืš, ื‘ื™ื– ื›ืืœืึธืฉืขืก ืื•ืžื‘ืื’ืจื™ื™ืคืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืž- 
ื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงืœืืžืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื ืงืœ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืž- 
ืคืืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก, ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื? ืขืจืฉื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืึธ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง! ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ! ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืื–ื ื‘ื™ื™ื–ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืื ืึธื ื™ืžืงืข ืืœืฅ ืึธืคึผืžืขืงืŸ? ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื - 
ื‘ืœื™ืง? ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœืขื‘ืฃ 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฑืกืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืึธืฉืŸ. ,ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜.-- 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžืขื›ื™ืœืข ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืืฑื’ืŸ --ื ืึธืจ ื–ืขืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ืข ื˜ื™ืจื›ืข. ืื–ื 
ืฆื™ื™ื˜.," 

ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืก ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืึธืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื ื”ื™ืฅ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืฒื™ืกืžืฒึทืกืข ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื• ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื‘ื- 
ื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื ืึธื ื™ืžืงืข, ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืจืขื›ื™ืœืขืกืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ื’ืขืฐืขื˜. 

ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื, ืฐื™ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื–? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ื‘ื™ืœื‘ืœ, ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืขื›- 
ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธืฐืึธืงืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกื•ื™ื ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืœืขืžืขื ืก ื ืกื•ื™ื ืข. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืก 
ืคื™ืœ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ืขื ืขื’ื™ื™ืข ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืขื ืขื’ื™ื™ืข ืคื™ืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– 
ื ื‘ื™ื–ืึดื™ืขืŸ. ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ืš. ืฐื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืื–ื ืคืืกืงื•ื“ืก- 


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ื˜ื•ื•ืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืคืึธืจืฉื˜ ืืœืฅ ืฐื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง? ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ... ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ืื ืฆืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืงืขืžืคืŸ. 

--- ื ืึธ, ื ืึธ, ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืงืืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ,ื“ื•". --- ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืงืขืžืคืŸ? 

ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜. ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื" 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืก ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜: ,ืคืืจ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืคืืจื“ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ 
ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืืžื•ื ื’". ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืคื•ื ืงื˜: ,ืคืืจ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื‘ืืจืขืจ 
ืื•ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ึผืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธื™. ื ื” ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฆื™ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืืฃ 
ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™. 

ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉืื•ึนื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืฃ ื ืฉืึธ ืงืœืขื ืขืจ, ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืกืึธืฃ ื™ืื ื•ื•ืืจ, ื ืึธืจ 
ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ืœืื ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืงืืœื˜ืข ืฐื™ื ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื ืื›ื˜. ืื™ื™ื ืข ื 
ื™ืื ื•ื•ืืจ-ื ืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ื–ื ื˜ ื ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื›ื˜-ืื•ืŸ-ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืฃ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืจืขื›ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื " 
ื’ืขืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ื”ืื•ื•ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืขื ื”ื•ื ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืž" 
ืจื•ื™ึดืงืŸ ืืœื™ืืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืขืžื˜ืข ืœืึธืงืึธืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื ืฐืึธืงื–ืืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื• ืกืงืจื™ืค ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืฉื ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืขื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืขืจ. ื™ืขื ืข ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก, ืื•ึผืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจื•ืฑื™ืจื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ืค" 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื ืื™ื, ื‘ื ื‘ืึธืจื™ืกืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืืจื•ื™ืกื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•" 
ื–ืขื-ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ื“ืขื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ืงืึธื. ืฐืขืŸ 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข 
ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜. ืื™ื ื”ืึธืก ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข" 
ื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืงืก, ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคืืจ ืงืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื " 
ื ืื ืฆืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืฉื™ืฆื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืืก, ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื ืืขื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, 
ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืฒื“ื™ืงื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก" 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื”ืืจืฅ. 

-- ืืœืฅ, -- ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง. -- ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜. ืฐื™ 
ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ? | 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›- 
ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš: ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ื˜ืืงืข ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ? ื ืึธืจ... ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ! ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ! ื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืข, ื“ืึธืก ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืข, ื“ื™ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืข 
ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข, ืกืืžืข... ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืืฉืฒึทืžืคึผืขืจืœืขืš, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืึธืงืึธืจืฉื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ; ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜, 
ืฐื™ ื ื–ืืš, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ื ืึธืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ื•ืคืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื™ื ืก ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜. ืฐื™ ืžืขื’ ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืจืึทื›ืขืœืขืŸ? 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืืงืฉืึธื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜: ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš 
ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™, ืฐืขื˜ ืืœืฅ ืืฑืกื’ืขืกืงืจื™ืคึผืขื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ, ืืœืฅ ืคืืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืฐื™ 
ื ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื›ืึธืœืขื. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื”ื™ื™ื ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ. ืืŸ ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ื ื“ืขืจ" 
ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืฑืกืงืœืึธืจืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืื™ืงืขืจ: ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืก 
ืืœืฅ! ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืฃ ืขืจ ื•ืขื˜ ืงืขืžืคืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš. ืขืจ ืฐืขืก 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ืื ืฆืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ.. ื™ืึธ, ืฆื•ืคื•ืก ื•ืขืก 
ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข, ืฆื• ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ืขืŸ! 

ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืืœืฅ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืขืกื˜ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš, ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืืœืฅ ืืฑืกืงืœืึธืจืŸ 
ืื– ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ืืœืฅ, ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜, ืื•ื– ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ืžืขื’ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื™ 
ื ืึธืจ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข... ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืงืœืืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืฃ ื“ื™ 
ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. 

-- ื–ืข ื ืึธืจ, ื‘ืึธืจืขืš, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื”ืืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื˜ืŸ! ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ... ืคืืจ- 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ: ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืก 
ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ-ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก, ืฆื™ ืืŸ ืื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข? 


8 


--- ืฉืจืฒึท ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™. --- ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ืื•ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“. 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื•... ืฐื™ ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืขื ืข. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืžืื–ืœ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ. ื–ืึธื’, ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืœ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื ื“ื–? ื“ื• 
ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื–ื ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื’ื™ื˜ืคึผืจืึธืคึผ! 

-- ืจืขื“ืกื˜ ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข. ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืื’ื™ื˜ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืŸ ืฐื™ ืื™ืš? ื ืึธืจ 
ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœืฅ. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ื–ืขืŸ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•ึนื™ึดืง. 

-- ืจื•ื™ึทืง, ื–ืึธื’ืกื˜ื•... ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ึน ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืื™ืš ืจืขื“ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“! 

-- ื˜ืืงืข ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“. ื“ื• ื”ืขืจืกื˜, ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข? ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“! ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืืจืคึฟืŸ 
ืฉืขืžืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ. ืฆื•ืคื•ืก ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ืขืŸ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืฃ ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ื–ืขืฃ 

ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืจืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืจืฑืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก,. ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืืฉื˜: 

--- ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–? ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜! 

-- ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืืจื‘ืขื˜? 

-- ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื™ืงืก! 

-- ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื™ืง? 

-- ื ื•, ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืื“ื›ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ื 
ื›ืืกืขื ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืืœืฅ. ื™ืึธ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ. 
ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจื™ืงืŸ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืก 
ืœืขืฐืฒึทืข. ืขืจ ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜, ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ, ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜,.. ืื•ึนื™, ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืœ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื˜ืŸ.. 

ืื™ืจ ืžืืžืขืก ืœืขืฐืฒึทืข... ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื•ืฅ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ืขื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืฆื™ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœืขืฐืฒึทืข ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ, ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื, ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ.. 


ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ืจืฒึทื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ืคืจืื’ืข, ืฆื™ 
ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื™ืขื ืข ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ืข ืจืฒึทื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. ื 
ื ืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขื ื’ื•ื™ืจ ---ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข 
ื ืขืคึผืžืื ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื™ืขืจืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืก... ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืข ืžื•ื™ืขืจืœ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆื˜ืข ืฆื™ื’ืœ. ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื›ืื™ืึธืœืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืžื™ืฉืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืžืืจืง-ื’ืืก, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืกืจื™ื™ืคืขืก, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคื™ืœ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืคืขืกื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืืœื˜ืข ืžื•ื™ืขืจืœ, ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจ ืืžืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืœืื ืฅ, ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืื“ืœืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืข ื”ืฒึทื–ืงืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืฑ- 
ืขื ืข ื“ืขื›ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืงื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš, ื–ืงื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืฑืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›- 
ืœืขืกื™ืงื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืจืขื‘ ืžื™ื™ืขืจืœ ื‘ืืœื ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจืฐื•ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืžืึธืคึผืกื™ื, 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืจืœ.. ื ื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ืคืืจืกืžืึธืœืฆืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจืขืงืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ืžื˜ืข ืฉื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ืžืขืจ ืคืืจืงืจื™ืžื˜ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, 
ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ื’ื–ืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑืš. ืกื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, 
ืขืจ, ืจืขื‘ ืžื™ื™ืขืจืœ! ืื–ื ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ื›ืึธืกื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืืœื ืขืจ ืจืขื‘ ืขืจ, ืจืขื‘ ืžื™ื™ืขืจืœ,---ืืŸ ืืจื˜ืขืœ- 
ื ื™ืง, ื ืคึผืึทืฉืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื ื ืื›ื˜-ืฉื•ื™ืžืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืจื˜ืขืœื ืข ืกืงืœืื“! 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืžืึธืคืกื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ืืจื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืจื˜ืขืœืขืฐื•ืขื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืืœื ืขืจ ืงืœื•ื™ื–, ืฆื™ ื™ืึธ ื›ืกื™ื“ื™ื, ืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื™ื“ื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืืจื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืื‘ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืœืขื ื™ืฉ, ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฆื•ึน ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ืžืงืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืฆื•ืœืึธื›ืขืก- 
ื“ื™ืงืข, ื ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืคืจื•ืžืงืฒึทื˜, ืืคืฆื•ืœืึธื›ืขืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืืคึผื™ืงืึธืจืกื™ื. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืคืจื•ืžืงืฒึทื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขื ืฉืื‘ืขืก, 

ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ืขื ืขื ืฉืื‘ืขืก ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึธืœื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืฆื™ 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืคืืจืฉืžื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืืจื’ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืฆื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื™ืš, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื - 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงืืœื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื ื“ืขืœืขืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ื- 


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ืจืขืžื˜ ื–ื™. ืžื™ื™ืขืจืœ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ืขืคืฉืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืฆืฉืžืขืงื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐื™ ื ื˜ืฉืึธืœื ื˜ ื“ืืจืฃ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื™ืขื ืข ืฆื•ื’ืขืจืฑื›ืขืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฉืื‘ืขืก ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืื. ืืฑืกื’ืขื–ื•ืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื™ืš, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ 
ืื•ืŸ ืืœื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฉืื‘ืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ื™ืขื ืฅ 
ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืึธืฉืข. ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขื˜ืฉืขืง ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืงืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืฐื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ 
ืื”ืขืจ ืฉืื‘ืขืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืงืข? ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืืคึผ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื”ืขื ื˜. ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืœืขืฐื•ืขืฉืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฆื’ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ืืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืœืขืฐื•ืขืฉืงืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืข. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš 
ื’ืขื˜ืœื™ืขื˜ ื ืคื•ื ืงืขืœืข. ื ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืข --- ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืจืฒื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกืคึผืื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœืขืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ื™ืจืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ื•ื™ืจืขื 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข. ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ืฒื™ืงืขืฃ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ื ืึธืš ื ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื›ื™ืœืขืœ- 
ืฉืื‘ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืืคื’ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ื–. ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึถืฐื ื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข 
ืคึผื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขื•ื•ืงืขืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคึผืจืืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืืฐื•ื“ืึธืœืข, ื ืึธืจ ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ืืœืฅ ืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฆืขืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ,ื”ืืžืื•ื•ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ืœืขื›ื•ื™ืœ", 
ื’ืœื™ึทื™ืš ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืื‘ืขืกืงื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ืื•ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืกืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฐืึธื›ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืื‘ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืข- 
ืฉืคึผืืจื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ, ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื , ื”ืืžืื•ื•" 
ื“ื™ืœ", ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ. ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืื‘ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฐืขืง, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš, ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืืคืงืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ื’ืขืคืขืก --- ืืœืข 
ื˜ืขืœืขืจืœืขืš, ืฉื™ืกืขืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœืขื›ืœืขืš --ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ืฆืขื‘ืจืขืงืœื˜ ืืฃ ืคึผื™ืฅ- 
ืคื™ืฆืœืขืš. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฉืฐื•ื™ื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ื–ืืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื›ืกื™ื“ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ืกืœืฒื™ืฐืขืก, ืžื™ื˜-ื™ืขื ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืคืœืื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื ืคืฒึทืขืจ. ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืืฉืคึผืขืจืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฉื˜ืขื›ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธื“ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ืจืข. ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืกืึธืฃ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš 
ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขื‘ ืžื™ื™ืขืจืœ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ: 

--- ื›ื™ืœืขืœ-ืฉืื‘ืขืก! ื›ื™ืœืขืœ-ื”ืืฉืขื! ื’ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ! 

ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืฐืขืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืœืงืขืจืœ. ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืžืึธืœื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืกืืง. 

--- ืžืขื’ืกื˜ ื™ืึธ ืžืื›ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึธืœื ื˜, ืžืขื’ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ. ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฃ. ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขื˜ืฉืขืง 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฃ. ืฉืื‘ืขืก ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืคืจืื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. 

--- ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฐืึธืš, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืงื•ื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜. 

ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื“ืึธืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ื- 
ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืจืขื ืง. ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืจืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ืื•ึนืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืืฉืคึผืขืจืขืก ืฐืึธืก 
ืืžืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืขื›ื™ืงืขืจ. ื’ืื ืฆืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข ืงืึธืœื“ืจืขืก, ื ืึธืจ 
ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ืจืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื–ื•ืžืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฆื•ื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื–ืึธื•ื•ืกืง. ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข 
ื“ืึธืงื˜ืฑื™ืจื™ื, ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืกื˜ืข ืจืขืคื•ืขืก, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื ืง 
ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจืฑื™ืกื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื™ืžืขืจืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืจืฒื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผื™ืฆืœ ืงื™ื ื“, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืขื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืคืืจ ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, 
ื•ื™ ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ, ื‘ืืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก ืจื•ืžืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืก, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜: 

--- ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ... ื“ืขืจ ืžืืŸ ื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืืŸ ืืคึผื˜ืฒืงืขืจืŸ, ืงืึธื ื˜ ืืœืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื˜ื™ืฉืขืจืข ื“ื™ืจืข? 

--- ืื•ื™,+ ืžืืžืขืœืข, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืึธื›ืœ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ---ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜! ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืื˜ื™- 
ืœืขื˜ืงืขืก. ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืจืขืก. 

--- ืื™ืš ื–ืข, ืื™ืš ื–ืข... ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ, ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื™ืข, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืœื™ืง- 
ืœืขืš? 


76 


-- ื™ืึธ, ืžืืžืข, 

--- ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก? 

--- ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ, 

-- ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืืœืฅ? 

-- ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืŸ, 

--- ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื™ืข, 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืืžืข, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ืœืŸ. 

-- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืืงืข ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื™ืข. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืงืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜. 
ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฉืข ื“ื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืฉืขืจื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. 

--- ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืžืืžืข, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, 

--- ื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื’ืึธื˜... ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜. 

ืื”ื™ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืงืจื™ืจืข. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืงื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

-- ืื•ื™, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื’ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจืœ! ืฐืขืกื˜ื• ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ, ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขื, ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ืžื™ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืข? 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืขืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ! ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืื›ืฃ 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึนื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ , ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขื" 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื–ื™ --- ;ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืขืจ-ืœืขื‘ืŸ". 

-- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข? ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื–ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ..---ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืข ื•ื™ื“ืข.-- ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื–ื.. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ? 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ืฐืฒึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื•ืขืง. ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื 
ื ืฒึท ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ืืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืžื•ื– ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืจื•ื™ึทืง ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื ืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืขื‘ ืžื™ื™ืขืจืœ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึธื“-ื’ืขืกืœ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ, 

-- ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ? --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคืขื ืข. 

-- ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืš, ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืขื ืขืกื˜ืข, ืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ืฃ! 

ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืึธืจื˜ , ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืขื ืขืกื˜ืข", ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ืคืืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขืœืขื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื’ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก 
ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื™ื›ืฆื˜ ื ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืœืื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข, 
ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืจืœ. --- ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ, ื ื•, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, 

-- ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืึธื•ื•ืกืง. ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. 

--- ืื•ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืขืคืขืก ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืื›ื˜? ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืฆื•, ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ื ืœืขืžืคึผืœ. 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืžืคึผืœ. ืื™ืš ื–ืข ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ? 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข... ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ? ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœืขืš, ืคืืจื”ืื ื’ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืคื™- 

ืจืขื ืข ืคืึธืจื”ืขื ื’ืœืขืš, ื“ืึธืก ืงืจื•ืžืข ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืึธืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืฉื˜ืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืžืึธืœืข, ืฆืขื˜ืจืืกืงืขื˜ืข ืกืึธืค- 
ืงืขืœืข, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ? ื ืึธืจ.. ืฐื•ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐื•ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜.. 

-- ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื–ืฉืข, ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™? 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ? ืืฃ ืืœืข ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืœื™ื‘ืข. 

-- ื ื“ืื ืง, ื ื“ืื ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืงืขืžืขืจืœ? 

-- ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืงืขืžืขืจืœ. ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืืงืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืืฒึทืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื ื“ืื ืง ืคืืจ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ. ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขื. 

ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืžืคึผืขืœืข. ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืจืฒึท ื’ืขืงืึทื ื˜ 
ืึธื ืฐืฒื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจืข ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืฆืึธืจืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืข.. ื ื•, ืฐื™ ืขืก 
ืงืึธืŸ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ... ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืš, 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื•ื™ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืืš; 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืข... 

| -- ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืขื ืขืกื˜ืข? ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš? 
-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ื“ืึธืก, ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืข-ืœืขื‘ืŸ... ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ. 


11 


ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืึธื›ืœ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืืžืข, ืื– ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื”ืืœื˜ 
ื‘ืื ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ื ืคื™ืึธืจื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ. ื‘ืึธ- 
ืจืขืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜, ืฆื™ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜. ืฆื™ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜. ืจืึธ- 
ื›ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ืื–ื•ื™. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ื“ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฐืฒึทืข ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ, 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ?--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

--- ื•ื•ืขืœื•ื•ืขืœืข, ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื“ืŸ. 

--- ืื•ื™ื•ื•ื, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขื‘ ืžื™ื™ืขืจืœ ื ืกืžืึธืฆืงืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ. -- ืื–ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื›ืขืก-- 
ื•ื•ืขืœื•ื•ืœ ื”ืจืื‘ืืจื ื™ืง, 

ื˜ืืงืข ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื™ืงืŸ. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆื™ึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื ืื™ืจ, 
ื ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ื›ื•ืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ืœืข- 
ื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข, ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธืฐื•ืข ื”ืึธืจ ืคืืจื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ื‘ืœื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื›ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึธื ืขื, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื’ืื ืฅ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื‘ืืจืข ืกื™ืžืึธื ื™ื, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ืœืข- 
ื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’... ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื™ืง! ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื ื™ื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืฉื˜ืข- 
ื›ื™ืงืŸ, ืคืฒึทื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืึธืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

--- ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืื–ืขืจืŸ.---ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืข 
ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ! 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ืืคืงืขืžื™ื ืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. -- ืžืข 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืงืขืžืคืŸ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ. ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ, ืคืืจ ื“ื™ืจ, ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“, ืคืืจืŸ ืขืžืขืก. 

ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ื’ืขืžืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืกื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืขืœืข ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจ, ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืคืŸ ื“ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืคืกื ืฒึท. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืืฑืกืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜... ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜... ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงืก, 
ืฆื™ ืžื™ื˜ืคื™ืœื ื“ื™ืงืก, ืืœืฆื™ื™ื ืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืฉื•ืœื“. ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืข, ื ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืื ื•ืžืขื ืข, ื ืึธืจ ืืœืฆื™ื™ื ืก ื ืฉื•ืœื“. ื ืคืขืœืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื•ื– ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ 
ืืคืŸ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜. ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืžื•ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื•ืžื‘ืื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžื–ื˜ 
ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžืึธืœ ืืฑื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืžืขืงื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืงื ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื - 
ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš... ืฆื•ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜: ืื– ื ืึธืš 
ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื–ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜. 

ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื ืฉืœืึธืคึผืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ. ืื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืฐืขืจืŸ 
ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืงืึธืคึผืฐื™ื™ื˜ืขืง... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ื•ื™ ืจืึธื›ืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ 
ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืคึผื˜ืฒืง. ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ืงืœื•ื ื’ 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ,. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื˜ื™ืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘- 
ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื”ืขืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ื ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ืงืึธื, ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืฐื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื. 

-- ืฐืึธืก. ื“ื• ืฉืœืึธืคืกื˜?--- ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืงืืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ื•ื™- 
ื–ืขืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืื•ืžืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš. -- ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ 
ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืŸ? ื ืึธืš ืื–ื ื‘ืึธื“... 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ื‘ืึธื“? ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื“ ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื•!? ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืื“ื™ืึธ? 

--- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ! 

--- ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ืจ. ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืกื™ืžื›ืข. 

-- ื ืคืฒึทื ืข ืกื™ืžื›ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 

--- ื ื•, ื’ื•ื˜, ืงื•ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ืงืึธื, 


72 


ืก'ืื™ื– ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืžืืงืืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฐื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื›- 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืœืืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก. ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ื ืขื - 
ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ. 

-- ื ื•, ื–ืึธื’ ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก, ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืคื™ึทืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืื›ื˜?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ 
ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืŸ. 

--- ืคึทึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. 

-- ื ืึธ, ื ืึธ, ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึทืš ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื“ืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ืขืœืข. ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ื• ื ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืœืขื ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืงื: ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืขืจืŸ ื‘ืื ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™. ื ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’. 

-- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก? 

--- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก... ืื– ื“ื• ื‘ืขื˜ืก. ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’. ืื™ืš 
ื•ื•ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธื ื˜ืืงื˜ื™ืจืŸ. ืขืคืฉืขืจ 
ื“ื™ืจ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ ืืจื•ืฑื™ืกื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, ื? 

--- ืคืืจ ืฐืึธืก? 

--- ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจ ืฐืึธืก. ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืฒื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ืคืืงื˜! ื ื•, ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื–ืขืŸ. 

ืžืืงืืจ ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ, ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื™ื™ื–ืขืจื ืขื 
ืฉืืคืงืขืœืข, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืœื™ืก? ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื”ืขืฆื ื“ื™ืง ื ืฐื•ึผื ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึธ- 
ืจืขื›ืŸ. ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ. 

-- ื ื, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึท ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผืฉื™ืงืŸ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืืœืข ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ... ื–ืึธื’,. ื”ืึธืกื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจื™ืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜? ื• 
-- ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜. 
-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•? ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ื ืฒึทืŸ ืื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ? ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ... ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืžืขื’ืกื˜ื• ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจ- 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ. ืื™ืš ืฐื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ืื•ื•ืฆืง ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืฆื• ืจืึธื›ืขืœืขืŸ 

ืื™ืŸ ืืคึผื˜ืฒื™ืง. 


ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืžืขืกืœืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืขืœื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื" 
ื“ื™ื ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื– ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื™ืขื ืฅ ืกื™ืžื›ืขืœืข ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืขืจื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฐืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜: ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’, ืื– ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืฆื•ื•ืื ื’ืก-ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื 
ืžืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืคืขืก 
ืขื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื”ืึธืคึผื˜ ืืฃ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืข ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ืฉืึธืงื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืคืกื ืฒึท ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื, ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืŸ ืงืึธื“ืขืงืก. ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข-ืžืืžืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธืก ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื: 

-- ื‘ืึธืจืขืš, ื“ื• ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืกื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ืกื˜ื•, ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข? ืื™ืš ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜. ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ 
ืฆื• ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืŸ? ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜, ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™: ืฐื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื ื™ืกื™ื? 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜... ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ...-- ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืคืœื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ!-- ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ืงืืฐืึธื ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ! 

-- ืงืืฐืึธื ืขืก... ื“ื• ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜, ืื– ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืžืืœืึธื›ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื“ืฒื™ึทื ืข 
ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืงืืฐืึธื ืขืก! ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐื™ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ? 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก? ืคื•ืŸ ืคืื™ื ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ. 

-- ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื–ื ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜. 

--- ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืงืขืจ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ ืื™ืจืก. 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ื–ื™ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึดืงื˜..-- ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸื™ 


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ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ึทื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืฐื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื•ื•ื™ืจืขืŸ. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ื“ืขืจ- 
ืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืื ืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืืจื™ืขืŸ -- 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ื‘ืขืก. ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืงืœืืœ: ื–ื™,. ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืžื™ื™ืกื™ื, ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื ื“ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™- 
ืกืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื›ืฉืื“, ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืขืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืœืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืจืขืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืจื™ืข ืคืึธืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืคืข ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’,. ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืฐืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืจืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื ืึธืขื - 
ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ึทื˜ืข ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ื, ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืืฃ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืื ืงืขื˜ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืข ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืื“ืจืขืŸ-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข ืื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ- 
ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืจื™ืข ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืฉืื‘ื™ืกืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธืŸ ื ืฉื•ื ืคึผืขื’ื™ืžืขืœืข. ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืก ื˜ืื˜ืข, ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™- 
ืžื™ืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜-- ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืš-ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง. ื ืžื™ื˜- 
ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ืงืึธื ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™, ื ื“ืขืคึผื•ื˜ืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืจืื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ.. 

ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจ, ืื– ืจืขืœื™ืง ืžืขื’ ืืจื™ื™ื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื™ 
ืจื™ื ืงืข ืžืขื’ ืืจื™ื™ื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™. ืื•ึผืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš... ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืืจื™ื™ื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืื‘ื™ืกืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืก. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืืจื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืขืŸ ืืœืก 
ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•... ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•, ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง. ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ,ืฆื•" ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง, ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ -- ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืก. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืฆื• ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ื’ืืกื˜ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜- 
ืœืขืš. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืคืื™ื ืข... ืคืื™ื ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืคืืจื“ืขืงื• ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืœืข ื›ืขืกืจื•ื™ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืืŸ. ื›ื•ืฅ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขืคื™ืฆื™ื˜ืœืขืš. ื–ื™ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข 
ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืžืขืกืข ืคึผืจืฒึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, 
ื ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืขื ืขืกื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ ื•ืฑื™ืก... ืื–ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜. 

-- ืื–ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื›ืฒึทืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜, ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืœืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ืžื›ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืฉืจืขืง. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืœืขื ื™ืฉ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ื˜ืจืึธืœืฒื™ื‘ื•ืก, ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ. ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ื›ืืคึผื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ. ืžืืจื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืคึผืื•ื•ืœืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืืจื‘ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ื ื“ื™ืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผื™ 
ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ. ืคื•ื ืขื ,ืคืจืขืžื“ืŸ" ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ื™ื‘ื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆืก ืืฃ ;ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ". 

--- ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืงืืœื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืจื™ึทืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื•ื•ืขื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื. --- 
ืื–ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืš ื‘ืืคืืœืŸ... 

-- ืื™ื– ื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐึทืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก,--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืจ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ --ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืฆื•ื™ 
ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื• ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ. 

--- ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ, ื‘ื ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ?-- ืžืืจื™ึดืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ.---ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ืขืก ืืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื... ืžืข ื˜ืึธืจ ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ื ืขื ื ื•ืžืขืจ... ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ... 

-- ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืึธื’ืŸ, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืจ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ. 

-- ืื•ื•ืื“ืข, ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ืจ... ื“ื•, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงืืœื˜ืขืจ ืœื•ื ื’-ืื•ืŸ-ืœืขื‘ืขืจ.. 

ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™,. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื’ืขืœืข ื“ื•ื‘ืœื™ืึธื ืงืขืก. ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืš. ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืคืืจ ืžืืจื™ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืข, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืืคืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข 
ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ื˜ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืคืืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืึธืก 
ืืžืึธืœ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ, ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืžืืžืขืฉ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคืจืึธืกื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื“, 

--- ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’?--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืืฐื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื›ืฒื™ืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืจืขืœื™ืง 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฐื•ึผ? ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ? 


24 


ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืžืืจื™ืข. ืจืขืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคึผืขืจ, ื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคึผืขืœืฆืœืขืš. 
-- ืžืข ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ! --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ. 
-- ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทืขืŸ? ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืืจื•ืžืฆื•ืจืขื“ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื 
ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื™ื•ืจื™ืกื˜, 
ื™ืึธ, ืฆื• ืืœืข ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืจื™ืข ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื–ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืจื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืจ ื 
ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืืœืข ืงืึธื“ืขืงืกืŸ ืืฃ ืืฑืกืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืืš ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ, ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืืกื™ืงืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืคึผืืฐื•ืœื™ืงืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื“ืึธ ื ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืขืœืขืจ ืงืึธื“ืขืงืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืื•ืŸ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืš ื ื–ืืš: ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืฐื•ื™ืกืŸ, 
ื•ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื˜ืืงืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืืจื•ืžื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจ- 
ืฉืึธืœื˜ืขื ืข ืคืืกื™ืงืœื™ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข, ื•ื™ืื–ืฑื™ 
ืืจื•ืžื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™, ืžืืจื™ืข, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื“ืขื ืžืืŸ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื– ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ื–ื™ืš ืœืขืจื ืขื– ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ. ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืจืขืœื™ืงืก 
ืคึผืœืฒื™ืฆืขืก, ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื‘ืื–ืขืก ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืข- 
ืคื™ืฆื™ื˜ืœืขืš. 
-- ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ืจ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ืก ืžืืจื™ืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื”ื•ืกื˜, 
-- ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข. ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ืžื™ืกืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ 
ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ... 
-- ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืกืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ืืคึผื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื™ืึธืจ. 
ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื›ืฒึทืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ, ืคืขืกื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงืœืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜.ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืœืืคืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื“ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ. ืจืขืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืขื ืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื– ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ.. ื™ืึธ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ; 
-- ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ? ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืึธื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ. 
-- ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืื’ืŸ! -- ืžืืจื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื”ื•ืกื˜. 
-- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก? 
ืคืื•ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื›ืฒึทืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฐื›ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืื’ืข. ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜, ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื– 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ. 
-- ื“ืขืจืคืืจ... --- ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื•ืกืคึผืจื•ื•ืŸ, ืฆื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. --- ื•ืฐืฒึทืœ.., 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ืคืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื™ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ; 
-- ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืžื™ืฉ- 
ืคึผืขื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืขืœืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. 
-- ืฐืขืจ? ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืึธืจื™ืกืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ? ืคืืจ ื ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืขืœืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ? 
-- ื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืขืŸ? ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืžื™ืจ? 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืก ืคืจืื’ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ื ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื–. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื ืืœื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื•ื™ืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืจื™ืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคึผืŸ ืฐื™ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ืื’ืŸ. ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื›ืฒึทืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจื ืงืฒึทื˜, ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืกืืง; 
-- ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ,.. ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ... ื›ึผ'ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง. 
-- ื™ืึธื™ ื™ืึธ:-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืจื™ืข ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืึธืงืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืคึผืื•ื•ืœื™ืงืก ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืฉืงืฒื™ึทื˜. --- ืžึดื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜! 
-- ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ? ื•ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื–ื ื–ืืš ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ? 
ื”ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืืจื™ืข ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš; 
-- ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืฒื™ื“ืข: ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื• ื˜ื•ืกื˜, ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ... 


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ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืขืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจ- 
ื˜ืขืจ: 

--- ืžืืžืข! ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืึธืจื™ืกืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ... ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜ ืžืึธืœ ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ! ืขืจืœืข- 
ื›ืขืจ, ืœืฒื™ื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ! ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš, ื˜ืื˜ืข, ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธื– ื“ื• ืžืื›ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืืžืขื•ื•ืื˜ืข, 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื–ืขืก, ืžื™ืกื‘ืจื•ื™ื›ื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืขืœืŸ ืงืึธื“ืขืงืก ืืŸ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคืืจ ืืฒึทืš? 

-- ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœ! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืจื™ืข ื ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. --- ืคืื•ื•ืขืœ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืจืขื“ื˜ ืขืจ, ืคืืฐืขืœ? ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื”ืึธื“ืขืฐืขื˜ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื.. ืื•ื™. ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜! 

ื“ืขืจ ื›ืืœืึธืฉืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืคืื•ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื›ืฒึทืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืึธืฉืŸ, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฐื•ึผืจืฃ. ืจืขืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืคื•ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜, ื ืึธืš ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข 
ื›ืืœืึธืฉืขืกื“ื™ืงืข ืฉืึธ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืจื™ืข, ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื•ื•ืื›ื˜ืข, ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜: 

--- ืื•ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ... ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆืขืฉืคึผืึธืœื˜ืŸ... 

ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ, ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื ื˜ื•ืจืขืžืœ, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืฐืึธืก ื 
ื˜ืึธื’ ืฉืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืฉืขืคื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืฆืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืฆืข- 
ื‘ืจืขืงืœื˜ ืืฃ ืคึผื™ืฅ-ืคึผื™ืฆืœืขืš. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜? ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืกื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืืฐืœื™ืงืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืขื ืข 
ืžืืจื™ืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึธืจืขืฐืขื˜, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ืึธ. ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ! ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ื–ื™ ื ืืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื™ืจืข 
ืœืขืจืขืจ, ืื™ืจืข ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืก, ืื™ืจืข ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืจืข ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜. ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื ืืจื˜, ื›ื•ืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ื ืืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืฃ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื“ืขืžืืกืงื™ืจื•ื ื’, 
ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื“ืจืฒื™ืขืŸ, ืื™ื ืฆืขื ืขืŸ, ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ืงื ื•ื™ืœืขื›ืœ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืžื™ึดืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืœื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืึธื ืฉืคึผืฒึทืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืกืืžืข ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข ื–ื™ื“ืœืขืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ืืจืึธืคึผืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืง ืฐืขืœื˜. ื“ืขืจ- 
ื ืึธืš, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื™ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืฉืคึผืฒึทืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜... ืฐืึธืกื™, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื–ื? ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ืจืข ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืก! ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ืจืข 
ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืคื™ืฆื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืฉืžืื˜ืงืขืœืข? ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™? ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ืฐื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜-ืžืขื›ื™ืœืข. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื ื“ืจืขืžืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผืฐืฒื™ื˜ืขืง. 

-- ืืš, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ... ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆืขืฉืคึผืึธืœื˜ืŸ... 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฉืืจื™ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžืืจื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืข ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ 
ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื, ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืืœืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื˜ื™ืœ- 
ื˜ืขืœ. ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื›ืึธืจืขืฐื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื›ืขืจื˜, ืึธืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ื™ ืงืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ ืื–ื, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืจืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืฆื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœ- 
ื‘ืข. ื›ืึธืจืขืฐื“ื™ืง, ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ืขืจื“ื™ืง. ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืจื™ืข ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืžืืŸ. ืคึผืื•ื•ืขืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืืจืง 
ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™, ืžืืจื™ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืงืจื™ื’ืข- 
ืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืืœืฅ, ืื‘ื™ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืžืืจื™ืข. ืืœืข ืื™ืจืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืขื ื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื’ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ 
ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืจืขืœื™ืง ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข. ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ 
ื ื”ืึธืจืขืฐืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉืžื™ืจื˜ ืืœืข ืฉืคึผื•ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืจืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ 
ืืจื™ึทื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ื ืคืืจืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืืฆื™ืจื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืื™ืจืข ืฆื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ื–ื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ื•ืื–ืฉื ืขื ืื•ืคื ืื. ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืœ, ื 


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ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืืงืกืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืคื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง; 

-- ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืœื™ื‘? 

ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขืœื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฆื™ ืฉื˜ืืจืง, 
ืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื™ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข 
ืคืืจืœื™ื‘ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื›ื˜ ืžื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืฒึทืขืจ. 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืจื™ืข ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ื ืฉืึธืงืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ: ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืงืฒึทื˜. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ. ืื– ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืฉืขืคืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืคืจืื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ื ื•, ื ื•, ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ... 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™, ื ื™ื˜ ืื”ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืื”ืขืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื - 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ. ืืœื ืคืืœืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื ืฉืืจืขื•ื•ืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืจืขืœื™ืงืก ื˜ืฉื•ืคึผืจื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ 
ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืœืขืš-ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉ: 

-- ื ื•. ืจืขืœื™ืง. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืฃ. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืืœื“ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง. 

ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืจื™ืข ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื ืฐื•ึผื ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืื•ื•ืœื™ืงืŸ,. ื’ืขื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜. 

ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขืœื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜. ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืจืขืื’ื™ืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ 
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ื•ืœื™ืจื˜. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืžื•ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื– ื“ื™ ื–ืืš ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ื˜ืืงืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข, ืืฃ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืŸ. 

ืขื”ึผ ืื™ื– ืฉื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื“ืฐืึธืงืื˜. ืจืขืœื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื•ึผ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืืŸ 
ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืœืขื˜ื•ื™ื•ื•ืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื™ืœ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ื ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกืึธืจ, ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•- 
ืจื™ืกื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื ืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ;ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื–ื•ืžืคึผืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜", ื 
ื˜ืขืžืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืฃ 
ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื‘ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™. ืึตื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ืŸ, ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžืขืกืข ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ, ืงืึธืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืืฃ 
ืื™ืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืฉ. ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ืคึผืขืš, ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฆืืคืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื•ึผืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื, ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืคืืจื’ืขืกืœืขื›ืข ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืืฆื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ 
ื ืฉื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื•ื ื’, ื•ื™ ื ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืขื ื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš. 
ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืกื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’. ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜-ื–ืืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™. ื•ื•ืืจื˜ 
ืืฃ ืื™ื ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜. ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืื›ื“ืึธื ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ืจืขืœื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืื›ื“ืŸ. 

ืขืจื’ืขืฅ"ื•ื•ึผ. ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ. ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึธืœืข ืคึผืืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื™ืœื˜ืข 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื ื™ื™, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื’ืœืื ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ื’ืœืื ืฅ... ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™- 
ืกืขืœืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืจ-ืืงืขืจ ืืจืฑืกื’ืขืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืงืฒึทื˜... 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื•ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฐื™ื ื˜ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืฅ 
ืคืฒึทื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคื•ื•ืื›ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืขืจื“... ื ืึธืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื ื™ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจืฒึทืคึผืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืฆืขื“ืจื•ื™ื‘ืœื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ืงืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืึธืขื ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’. ืืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื ืืงืขื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืข 
ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื’ืจืื’ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืืฉื™ืงืข ืฉืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืš, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ,. ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื˜ืื ืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 


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ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืžืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ืข 
ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื“ืœืขืš, ืืฑื™ืกืฐืึธืจืงืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืข ื‘ืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ ื ืึธืš ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜. 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืคึผืึธืจืœืขืš. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก 
ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืขืœืขืš, ืฆื• ืคืจื™ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื˜ืขืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืขืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืœืื ื’ืข ืœืึธืงืขื ืขืก. ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื™ืึธืฆื˜ืข ืฉืคึผืขืจืขืœืขืš, ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ื˜ืฑื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืจืขืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื ืคืจื™ึดืข ืึธื“ืœื™ื’ืข, ืื– ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืฒึทืกืข ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ื’ืขื ืืจ- 
ื˜ืข, ืื– ืขืก ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืจืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืŸ... ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ... ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืข ืคึผืฒึทื›ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื™ื™ืขืš ืคื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜... 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืืฉื™ืงืขืจ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืืก, ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื 
ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืขื ืžืฒึทืจืขืฐื•-ืจืื ื“, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืข ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜ืข ื–ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื™ื ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ-ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืจืึธืกื˜ื™ืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืฑืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, 
ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™. ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ืงืก ืืฑื’ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ, 
ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืื– ืจืขืœื™ืง ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื–, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืจืขืœื™ืง 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืง ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื– ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืขื ื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืื• ื“ืึธืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ,. ืฐืขื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืŸ ืื•ึผืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืกืืžืข ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ืœื™ื’ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก ืœืฒึทื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืจืขื“ืŸ )ึฟืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืกื˜ืฒึทืขื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืจืื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผืคื™ืจืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืฐื•ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ืกืึธืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขื 
ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. 

-- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืื™ืš ืฐื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. 
ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื– ืื™ืš ืขืœ ืืคื™ืœืข ืืจืฑืกืคืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคืขืจื˜ื™ื–ืข. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ื ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™,. ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืฒึทืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ืจืขื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืืจื’ืขื ื™ืฉ. -- ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืืœืฅ... 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขืœื™ืง ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ. -- ื“ื• ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜. 

--- ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื ื˜ืึธืขืก, ืจืขืœื™ืง. ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืืœืฅ ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืฒื™ืขืŸ. 
ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ. 

--- ื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื™ืš? ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ? ืคืืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ? 

--- ืจืขืœื™ืง... 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืจืขืจื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืœืื ืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขื ืืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืข, ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืข. ื 
ื–ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ื ืึธืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ 
ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืื‘ื™ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, 
ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืจื•ืคืŸ, ืึธืคึผืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜. ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ 
ื’ืœืขื˜, ืฆื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ื ืึธืจ ืจืขืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืจืข 
ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ืจืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืฑืกื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื’ื™ืœื˜. 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืคืืจืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ 
ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ื”ืืžืขื˜ื ืข, ืงื•ื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื ืจื•ืฃ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ. ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 


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ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฉืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ืงืขืœืข. ืื™ื– ื–ื™ 
ืคืืจืœืึธืคืŸ ืื”ื™ืŸ. ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืืœื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืจืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ืงืึธืœ. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ื ื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™- 
ื ื™ืงื™ ืืคืŸ ืกืืžืข ืฉืคึผืขื ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ-ืงื•ื•ืืœ, ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืงื ืงืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืœื™ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืขื˜ืจืืกืงืขื˜ ื”ืฒึทื˜ืขืœืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ื›ืขืœืข, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ืœื™ืงืขืœืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืฃ ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงืื - 
ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืืก, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜. ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜, ืฐื™ ืืฃ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืืกืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืืžืึธืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืš-ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืืก. ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืข ืคืจืขืกื˜ืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ืื›ื˜:ืฆื•, 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜, ืฆืขื”ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื™- 
ื–ืข, ืงืจื™ืจืขื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืŸ. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืึธ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืฉืฐื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™- 
ื˜ืขืงื˜ ืžืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ -- ืฆื™ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงื•ื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืื˜, ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก 
ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืจืก. ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜. ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืœื™ืง! ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืœื™ืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ... ื ืงืืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืฑืกื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื, 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื“-ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืึธื ืฆื•ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ืก ื’ืื ืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื’ืขืžืึธืœื“ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ 
ืึธืคึผ ืฆื•ื•ืื ื’ืก-ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื ื• ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก? ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืืœืข, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธืก? ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ... 
ื™ืึธ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ. ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ... ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ืื•ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜. 
ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ืง.. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜! ืฐื™ ื–ืฉืข 
ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื–ื•ื™? ืคืืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืฉืึธ ืื•ืคื”ืขืจืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ! 

ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื’ืืก. ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืข, ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ืืจืฒึทื ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง, ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 
ื“ืึธืก ืกืืžืข ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืš ืืœืข ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืžืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขืš, ืื•ืžื‘ืื’ืจื™ื™ืคืœืขืš. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ ืฆื•- 
ื ื•ื™ืคึผื’ืขืงืฒึทืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผื™ืฆื™ื ืง ืงื ื•ื™ืœืขื›ืœ, ืคืืจืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืœื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื™ ื ื˜ืœื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืงื•ื™ืœืขื›ืœ. ื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื˜ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื”ืขื–ืฉื•ืจืขื˜ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืขืœื ืข. 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื›ืืคึผืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืจื•ืฃ 
ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืข ื’ืขื•ื™ื ืก ืื™ื ืขื ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืจืข ืกืืžืข ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืกื˜ืข ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜ืŸ, 

ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’, ืฐื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืกื™ืง-ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื ืขืคึผืœื˜ืข ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืกื˜-ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืขื ืข ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ ืืŸ ืึธืกื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืจืขื’ื ื“ืœ, 
ื ืงืืœื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืกืขืจื™ืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ื™ืœื˜ ื ืคืืจื›ืžื•- 
ืจืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜. ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืคื’ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ. ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทื™ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืืคืกื ืฒึท ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื›ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ 
ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืฆื• ื‘ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ, ืื™ื– 
ื–ื™ ื ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึทืงื˜ืข ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ 
ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืคื˜ื•. ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข. 


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ืื™ื™ืฅ ื–ืืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืกืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง ืคืืจ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืื•ื™ืกืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืฆืื“ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ืข. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืืœืข ืื™ืจืข 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜. 
ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ืฐื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืคื™ืœ ืขืจื’ืขืจืŸ ื›ื•ืจื‘ืŸ? 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜. ื ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœ. ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืข, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืข ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืข- 
ื ื™ืฉ, ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื‘ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืึธืจื“ื ื˜- 
ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ื™ืก, ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืขืœื ืข. 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข" 
ืฉื˜ืจืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืืฃ ืืจื•ืžื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืงืฑื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉืขืžื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื”ื•ื™ืœืขืš, ืคืืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆืึธืฐืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื–ืืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ-ืฉื˜ืฑื‘, 
ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืžืขื’ื•ืฉืขืžื“ื™ืง, ืคืืจ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข, ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข. ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ, ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ืขื ืขื ืžืืœ- 


ื‘ืขืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ื˜. 


ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืข ื”ืขื ื˜, ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื–ื•ื™. ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืขืกืœ ืจืึธืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืœืฅ ืืจืึธืคึผื˜ืจื™ืคืŸ. ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื”ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื ืืจืขืœืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื˜.-- ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš. ืฆื• ืืœืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ืจ, ื˜ืื˜ืข!-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜? 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜... 

--- ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ. 


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-- ืขืคึผืขืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื˜ืื˜ืข. ืžื™ืจ ื“ื•ื›ื˜.. ืื™ืš ื•ื™ื™ืก ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜.. ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜? ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’. 

--- ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื ื˜, ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข? ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืก? 

-- ืขืคืฉืขืจ, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืš ืื•ึนื™ืก... 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื›ืืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื, ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื ื“ืฒึทื˜. ื ืจืขืžืขื–ืœ 
ืื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืึธื’ื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ? 

-- ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ? ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ? 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื’ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ, ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›? ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ,. ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืฉ-ื”ืึธืคึผืขืจื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ืงื•ืฉ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื. 

--- ืขืจื ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื˜ืื˜ืข, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืขื ืงื˜ ื ืึธืš. ื“ื™ืจ. 

-- ื ื“ืื ืง, ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืœืข. ื“ื• ืงืึธื ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื•ื™ ื“ื•ึน ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜. ืึธื˜... 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ื ืข ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื‘ืื–ื•ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ื™ึทื ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜, 
ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ: 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื”ืืœื˜ ืขืก ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ? 

-- ืขืก ื”ืืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ... ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜? ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื•ื›ื˜... ืึธื˜, ืึธื˜... 

ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืขืžื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ 
ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš. ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ื ื’ืขืฉืจืฒื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ืื•ื™, ื˜ืื˜ืข, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ! ืื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืฃ! 

ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ื–ืึธืœ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืฆื• ืืœืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืฑื™ื ื˜? ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ: ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงื•ื ื’. ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืš... ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืก ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืฉื•ื˜ืขืฃ ืฆื• ืื™ืจืข ื•ืจื™ื˜ืขืง. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ 

ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข, ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข... ื ืืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข... ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ 
ืืœืข ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืœื•ื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืืจื•ื™ืกืœื•ื™ืคืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืงืฉื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผื˜ืขืœืข. 

-- ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื•, ืจืขืœื™ืง?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ, ืงื•ื™ื ืื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธืก ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ.-- 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ! ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ื–ืข? 

-- ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ื–ืข? ืืš, ื™ืึธ, ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก. ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ. 

--- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ? 

-- ื ื•, ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข, ื•ื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜? 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜? ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜... 

-- ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข! 

ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ! ื–ื™ ื•ืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ-ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ... ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธืก 
ืื•ื•ืขืง. ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ืงืก ืฉื˜ื™ื... 

-- ื ื•, ื’ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ? 

-- ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืึธืจื˜! 

ืคืืจ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื™ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื”ื™ืœืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข 
ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื–ืขืจื ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืง. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืึธืก... 

ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ืื–ื•ื™. ืžืืœืข ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜... ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืึธืคึผืฉืฐืขื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจืึธื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜, ืื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื™" 
ืงืึธืจืŸ ืืœืฅ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜-ืฆื•, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ, 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืคืœืื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื. ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 


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ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืคืืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ืฐืฒึทืœ... ื‘ื ืื™ืจืข ืื›ืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ! ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ืื™ื ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืืคืŸ ื’ืœืื ืฅ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืงื™ืฉืขืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื, 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš, ืฆื•ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืืฃ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึธืก ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจื“ื™ืฉ. ืจืข-ืœื™ืง! 

ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’, ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื’ืจืฒื˜ืงืฒื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื ืข ืึธืจืขืžืก 
ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขื ืขืจื˜ืขืœืข, ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืข ืคึผืœืืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜-ื–ืืœ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืคืืจื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืื‘ื™ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™- 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคืœืื˜ืขืจ, ื™ืขื ืฅ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืข, ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื‘ื™ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื˜ืืงืข ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืœืฅ ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขื ืขืจื˜ืขืœืข, ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืคื•ื ืขื ืจื•ื™ึทื ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืื– ืืœืข ืื™ืจืข 
ื‘ืืžื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ, ืื•ืคืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ืืจื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืข 
ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื™ืขื ืข ื“ืขืจื”ืฑื‘ื ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ืง ืืœื™ื™ืŸ... ืก'ืื™ื– ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืœืื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืฉืขืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ึทืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™- 
ื›ืขืœืข, ืืœืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื›ืžืืจืขื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ืืฉืžืึธืฉืขืก. ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจื˜ืขืœืข ืืœื™ื™ืŸ... ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœื™ื™ืคื˜ืข ื‘ืขื˜ืึธื ืขื ืข ืคึผืœื™ื˜ืงืขืก. ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืฉื˜ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืืฒื™ึทื–... ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง. 

ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืจืขืœื™ืง ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ 
ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืœืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื ืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืœื ื“ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืก, 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืฑื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ. 

-- ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜...--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขึถืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขืคืืœืขื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื. 

ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืึธื’ื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ. 

ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืžืขืจืกื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืœืข ืคึผืœืืฅ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืฒื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืœืื ืฅ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืคึผืืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืจืขืœื™ืง ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืืก: 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ? 

-- ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 

-- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ? 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื, ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืฉืคึผื•ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืขืจ- 
ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ. ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ึทืฉืืคื˜. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜? 

--- ืื™ืš ืื ืขืจืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืจืขืกื ืขืคืขืฉื“ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื‘ืข. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ. 
ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื. 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ืึธื™ 

--- ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ! --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ. 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื•ึน ืจืขื“ืŸ. ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ืข- 
ื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืœืฅ ื“ืจื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืื– ืจืขืœื™ืง ื–ืึธืœ ืขืคึผืขืก 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืึธืคึผืœืฒืงืขื ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืจืขืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืืงืฉืึธื ืขืกื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ืืฃ ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸื™ื™. 

-- ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ึน ืจืขืœื™ืง ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ. 

--- ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

--- ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ื ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’? 

-- ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืข ื’ืืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ืึธืŸ ื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื”ื™ื›ืฆืขื ื™ืฉ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ืฐื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ 


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ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื’ืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืขื ืข ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืื™ืจ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืจืขืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืืœื˜- 
ืžืึธื“ื™ืฉ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ื•ื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื‘ืขืŸ. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืจ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธื‘ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ ืื–ื•ื™. 

-- ื‘ืึธื‘ืขื ื™ื•! -- ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขื ืคืจืึธืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ. -- ื–ืึธื’ ืžื™ืจ, ื‘ืึธื‘ืขื ื™ื•, ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืขืžืขืกืข, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืœื™ื‘ืฅ? 

ืจืึธื›ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืžืขืœืขืš ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื˜ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื ื’ืœืขื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืœืึธืงืขื ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ื ืื™ืจืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืฆื• ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื›ืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืคืจืขื’ืกื˜ื• ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ, ื ืืจืขืœืข? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, ื’ืœืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ื ื“ื™ืง. --- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืื ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก, 


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ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ึนื ืืฒื™ื ืฉื˜ืึธืงื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึธืจ, ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืื•ืžืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืข ืจืื›ื•ื•ืขืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืขืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืืžืข ื”ื™ืžืœ.. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืคืืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข ื”ืฑื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ,. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ื™ืง-ื–ื•ื ื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ื™ืง- 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื ื˜ืขืจ, ืืžืึธืœ ื˜ืืงืข ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื ื”ืฑื›ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ, ื•ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืจืฑื’ืขื–ื˜ืข ื›ืžืืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ึน ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืงืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜. ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ -- ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ, ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜ืŸ ืจืขื’ืŸ ืฆื™ ื ืฆืขื‘ื•ืฉืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืคื™ืœืกื˜ื• ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืขืจื“. 

ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืœืฒึทื“ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืฉื ืข ืืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืขื - 
ืงืขืŸ. ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ื‘ืขื ืงืขืŸ. ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืข ื‘ืืœืงืขืก, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืื•ืžืคืืจื’ืขืกืœืขื›ืข ื ืขื›ื˜. ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• 
ื™ืขื ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื, ืืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืจืึธื‘ืขื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืงืื ืื•ื•ืข, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ื™- 
ื’ืขืœืข ืœื™ื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื™ื ืฃ-ืื•ืŸ-ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืงื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืœืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื 
ืกื˜ืขืคึผ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืŸ ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืฆื• ืคืจื™, ืื– 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก, ืžื•ื– ืขืจ ืฆื• ืืœืข ืืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืกืืžืข ืฐืึธื’ื™ืงืŸ; 

-- ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืขืจืŸ-ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ! ืฐื™ ื–ืฉืข ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื–ื™ื™ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ! 
ืื•ื•ืื“ืข... 

ื“ืขืจ ;ืื•ื•ืื“ืข" ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื–ื•ื™: ืื•ื•ืื“ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืข ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ! ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื ืฉื˜ืืจื‘. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื“ืืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืžื•ื–ื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš: ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข, ืกื˜ืึธืคึผื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจ ื ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจืŸ. 

ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ 
ืืœืก ืขืจืŸ"ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืืœื˜ืข ืœืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืื›ื˜, 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ืฐื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืฐืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ื•ืืงื•ืืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจืžื™ื™. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืข- 
ื“ืืจืคื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜. 

ืกืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ืฆื• ืœืื›ืŸ. ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ืขืจืฆื™ื›ื˜ืœืขืจ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืจื™ื•ืื ื™ืขืฅ ืื™ื– 
ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ื ืžื™ื™ืข ืื™ื™ืขืจ. 
ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฐืึธื˜ืฉืงืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืค. ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ืื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 


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ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื ื ืขืก: ืื™ื™ื ืก ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืกืคึผื™ืงืŸ. ื”ื™ื ื“ืขืœืขืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื ืขืœืขืš. ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืืคืกื ืฒึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื™ืฉืข ื”ื™ื ืขืจ-ืคืขืจืžืข. 

ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืจื•ึผื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ: ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื”ืืœื‘-ืฆืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทื ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“, 
ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ืจื ื™ืงืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื™ื’ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืืคืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื’ืื ืฅ ืคืืจืžืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืงื™ืจื–ืขื•ื•ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ, ืืŸ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืœื™ืืงืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ื™ืžื ืืกื˜ื™ืึธืจืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ืขืœืขื›ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื• ื“ื™ ืงื ื™, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ? ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืœืฒึทื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืœื™ื™ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืื•ืจืืœืขืจ 
ื“ืึธืจืฃ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื‘ืึธื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืกืคืจืื•ื•ืงืข. 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึธ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืขืจื“ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืืฒึทื ืฉืคึผืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ืฆื• ืœืื›ืŸ. ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืื™ืงืึธื, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื™- 
ื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืข ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง ืคึผื•ื“ ืงืืจื˜ืึธืคึฟืœ ืืฃ ืคืืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืœ- 
ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง ืคึผื•ื“ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื–ืึธื•ื•ืกืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืืคืŸ ืžืืจืง. ืงื•ื™ื ื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืืคืŸ ืžืืจืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจืื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืงื™ืœืึธ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืžืื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืง, 
ื•ื•ื™ืฆืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื•ืข, ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงืืจื˜ืึธืคืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื™ืงืึธื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฆื™ืžื‘ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืฆืœื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืึธืœื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ?--ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ื˜.--ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉืœื™ื™ืข, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทืžืœ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืจืึธืžืงืขืก. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืฑื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืืจ" 
ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ? ืงื•ืžื˜, ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜. 

ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข ืื™ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“. ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื•ื™ื ื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื ืึธื›ืžื™ืœ- 
ื›ืึธืžืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜: ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื›ืœืก ื”ื™ื ื“ืขืœืขืš, ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ึผื•ื•ื ืก ื ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“. 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ื ืกืขื“ืจืข. ืื™ื™ื ืก ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื™ื ืก ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ 
ื“ืจืฒึทื™ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืœืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคื™ืฆื•ื›ื˜, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืคื™ืœืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข 
ืจืขืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืขืก, ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืœื•ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœื•ื’ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ืฐื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข 
ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจืก, ืงืึธืžื‘ืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื’ืขืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข 
ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืื’ืจืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืจืขืš ืœื™ืืžื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื›ืฆื™ืง, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืจ, ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจืขื•ื• ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ 
ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจืฒื™. 

ื“ืืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื’ืขืžื™ืฉ- 
ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืขื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื“ืขืจืคืขืจ, ืคืืจืืŸ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข 
ืฆื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึทืฐื™, ืฐื™ ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื‘ืขื " 
ืงืขืŸ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืงืขืก, ืขืก ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืกืขื“ืœ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื™ืœื“ืœ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื•ื‘: ,ื“ืึธ ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืŸ-ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฃ-ืื•ืŸ-ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืงื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืœืขืจ"ื™. 

ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืคืึธืจื™ืงืข ืขืจืขื•ื•-ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื’, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืื ื’ ืฆืขื˜ืœ ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•-ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ื ืขืจืืœืข ื‘ื" 
ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ืขืจื˜ืขืจืฐืฒึทื– ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืจื™ื’ื˜, ืขืจ" 
ื˜ืขืจืฐืฒึทื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืืœืก ืึธืคื™ืฆื™ึดืขืœืขืจ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 
,ืคึผืึธืœืคึผืจืขื“*, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง. ืื”ื™ื™ื ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื ืžื™ื“ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื ืฆื•" 
ืคืจื™ื“ืขื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื›ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขื 
ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืขืจืŸ-ืคืึธืจื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ื ืžื™ื ื™-ืœืขื ืึธื˜ืฉืงืข, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™, ื ื“ื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืฆืืจื˜ืข ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฒึทืงืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืฉื™ืœืขืจืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืŸ ืงืœืืก 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื•ืกืขืจื˜: 

-- ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืก ืืจื•ื ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’? 


84 


-- ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธืจื’ื˜, ืžื™ื ื™-ืœืขื ืึธื˜ืฉืงืข, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืึธื‘ืขืจ... 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืŸ. ืึธื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ืึธื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื ืึธืจ ื ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืœืข ืื™ื ื™ื™- 
ื ืขื. ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ื›ืึธืคึผื˜ืข ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจืืฉื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืงืŸ. ื“ืขื ืฉืžื•ืขืก 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืกืืžืข ืจืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืืงืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ื ืžืึธื’ืขืจืœืขืš ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ; 

-- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืคึผืœืื ืขื˜ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื˜ืึธื-ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืื ืขื˜ืข, ืงืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืฃ ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. 

-- ื™ืึธ, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืข, ื“ื™ ืขืจื“. ืคืืจืืŸ ืคึผืœืื ืขื˜ืขืก ืฉืข- 
ื ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจืข,--ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืื˜ืœ, ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฐื™ ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ, ื ืงืœืขืฆืœ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืฐื™ ื ืคื•ื˜ื‘ืึธืœ-ืคึผื™ืœืงืข, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข, ืฉืžื™ื™ื- 
ืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

-- ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืจื™ึดืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืื™ื– ื–ื™, ื™ืขื ืข ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืคึผืœืื ืขื˜ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ืจืึธื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ืง 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืคื•ื ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผ. 

-- ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื™ื™ืŸ- 
ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข, -- ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ื. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื• ื“ืขืจื•ืฃ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื—ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ 
ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืง. 

ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ, -- ืงืจื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื•ื™ืจื˜ ืจืข- 
ื–ืขืจื•ื•-ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืื˜ืŸ, ืฆื™ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืฆืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืขื•ื• ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, 
ืฆื™, ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืงืึธืจืึธื‘ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ืจืขื“ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืฉืขืฆื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื 
ืœืื ื’ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื›ึนืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ืฉื™ืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ืขื ืœืขื›ืก ืื•ึผืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืืจื•ืฑืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš... 

-- ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขื ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก. --- 
ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื ืงืฒึทืœืขืš, ื ืคึผืœืื ืขื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืคึผืœืื ืขื˜ืขืก. ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข. ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™ืงืขืจื˜ืข ืืœื˜ื™ื˜ืฉืงืข, 
ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข. ืื™ืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืงืจื•ื™- 
ืฐืข. ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืœืฒึทื‘ืœืขืš-ื ืึธืขื ื˜. ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืื™ืจืข ืคึผื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขืฐื•- 
ืงืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ืงืœืฒึทืขื ื“ืœืขืš, ื›ื™ื ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืžืึธื–ืึธืœื™ืขืก. ืื™ืจืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ืื™ืจืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ.. ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืœืขื›ืฆื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืคืืจื›ืœื™ื ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืก. ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขื•, ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื‘ืœื™ึดืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืื ืขื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœ ืื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜.. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆืขืจืขื“ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื•ื•ืข- 
ืจืข ื–ื•ืžืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื™ืจืข ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืก, 
ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื 
ืคืืจื˜ืฉืื“ืขื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืจื™ื™ืคืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคื™ืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึทืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™- 
ื’ืขื ืขื ืกื˜ืขืคึผ ื ืคืืจื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ืจืงื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืกืึธื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืกื•ืจืขืคึผืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืžื™ืกื˜ื’ืจืึธื–ืŸ 
ืื™ึดืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘. ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืœืข 
ื”ืขื ื˜. ืฐื™ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜! ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืืฃ ื ืงืึธืœ. 


5 


-- ืืฒึทืš ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ. ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฆื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืœื- 
ื ืขื˜ืขืก, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืงื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ, ืื– ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืขืจื“ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ.. 

-- ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข!--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืง ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืื“. --- 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ. ืžื™ืจ... ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜! 

-- ื“ืขืจืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ื™- 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืœืขืš. 


ืคืืจ ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืขื•ื•-ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืฒึทื’ืขืก. ืืœืข ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื 
ืงืื ื˜ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฑื™ื“ืขืง-ื›ืึธืžืขืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขืžืก, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงืขืœืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข 
ืงืขืžืขืจืœืขืš, ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืœื˜ืข ืฉื•ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื ืฒึทืขื, ืึธืคึผื˜ืžืึธืœ ืืคื™ืœืข ื‘ืขืกืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืกืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืœืขื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืึธื“ืขืฉืฐืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜. ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืืกืึธืŸ. ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืœื˜- 
ืžืึธื“ื™ืฉ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ. ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืื ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฆื™ืงืข ื ืขื– ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจ- 
ืงื™ืจืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ -- ื“ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ื ืขื– ืžืื›ืŸ ื ื‘ึดื™ืกืœ ืฉืžืขืœืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผ- 
ืฆืืกืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื˜ืขืœื™ืข, ืื– ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื–ื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืข- 
ื ืขื ืฉื•ึนืกื˜ืขืจ, ื ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืš-ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง? ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืจืขื›ื˜ืข ื•ื™ื ืงืœ? ืื™ืŸ 
ืงื™ืš ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื“ืขืจื ืขื ืคืืจื˜ืขืš, ื›ืืคึผื˜ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ื•ืคืœื™ืขืก, ื–ืขืฆื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ-ื‘ืขื ืงืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจ 
ื–ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืกื˜ืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœืŸ. ืจืึธื›ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืึธ- 
ืจื•ื™ืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื ื™ื’ื ื“ืœืขืš ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ืื•ืคืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš. ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืก ื ื ื™ื’ื ื“ืœ, ืจืึธื›ืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืฃ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืข ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืฆื˜ืŸ 
ืœื™ื™ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื™ืืจ, ื ืคืืจื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืจื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคึผืขื ืขื ื‘ื•ื’. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื›ืœ, ื ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’, 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ... ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ, ืžืืžืึธืฉืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ 
ื™ืขื ืข ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืก. ืขืก ืฉืžืขืงื˜ ื“ืึธืš.. ืขืก ืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืงืืฆื™ืข-ืฆื•ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืกืึธืฃ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™, ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข, ืฉื•ึนื™ืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ืคืืจืฉืื“ื›ื ื˜ืข ืคืืจ ื™ืขื ืขื ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื™ืงืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“- 
ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, ืฐื™ ื ืฆืขื“ื•ืœื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฉื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื ืฉืœืึธืคึผืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง. ื–ื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜, ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข, ื–ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ึนืŸ ืขืก ืฐื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ. 

ื’ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจ, ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ, ืฆื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืขืžืขืกืข ืœื™ื‘ืข. 

ื‘ื ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืืจื˜ื™ืง ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืขื•ื•-ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืื›ื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™- 
ื˜ืขืงืŸ. ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืก ื•ื™ ื ื‘ืืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืคึผืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจืฐื•ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืฆืขืจื•ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืจืขืฉืงืขืœืขืš, ืฆืขืฉื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืฒึทืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจืขื•ื• ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืก 
ืึธืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื™ึทืกื™ื, ืขืคึผืขืก ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง, ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ื•ืืœื“ืขืฐื•ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืขื ืœืขื›ืก, 
ืฐื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื ืึธืกืคึผืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืฃ, ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืŸ, ืคึผืœืืฆืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืก ืคึผื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืคึผื™ืฆื™ื ืงืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืœืขืš. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื•ื•ื™- 
ื˜ืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืฐืึธืœืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืฒื˜ืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ื•ื•ืืœื“ืขืฐื•ืขื˜, 
ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืคึผื™ืงื˜. 

-- ืขืก ืคึผื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืคึผื™ืงืŸ... 

ื“ืึธืก ื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืขืจืขื•ื• ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืจืึธื›ืขืœืขืŸ; 

-- ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข, ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข, ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืก ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืฉืžื™ืจืขื›ืฅ. 

ืฉืžื™ืจืขื›ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืจืึธื›ืขืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืืคืงืขืœืข ืคืืจืืŸ ืžื™ืงืึธืœ ื”ืืžื™ื ื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื - 
ื“ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืฉืžื™ืจืขื›ืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ. ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื‘ืœื™ื– ืคืืจืงืื˜ืฉืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื–ืŸ, 


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ืื•ื•ืขืงื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืง?, ืื•ื•ืขืงืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ืก ืืฃ ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืขืŸ ืืฒึทื - 
ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฉืžื™ืจืขื›ืฅ, ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืก ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืจื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื ืคื•ืก ืžื™ื˜ 
ื•ื•ืื˜ืข, ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ืืจื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืžืืจืœื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื‘ืืคืขืœืขืจื™ืฉ; 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืงื•ืงืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™? --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื™ื›ืœ ื ืฉื•ืš-ื•ื•ืืจืฉื˜ืื˜, ืคืืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข---ืืŸ ืืžื‘ื•ืœืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืคืืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข -- ื’ืœืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ. 


ืฆื•ื ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืืœื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ; 

-- ืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ? ืคืืจืืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืืฉื™ืงืขืจ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื 
ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฐืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ืคืืจ- 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืืœื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืฑืก ืฐื™ ื ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ. ื’ืจืึธื“ 
ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืกืคื•ืœืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื˜ืจืขื’ืœืขืš. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืงื•ืงืกื˜ื• ืžื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™?--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฆื™ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, 

-- ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ? ื–ืึธื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. 

-- ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืืฉืงืขื ื˜, ื ืึธืจ 
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ืš, 

-- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ืžื™ืš? 

-- ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืžืขื’ืœืขืš 
ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืงื, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžืคึผืืจื˜ืฒื™ืฉืขืจ, | 

-- ื“ื•? ื“ื•, ืืŸ ืื•ืžืคึผืืจื˜ืฒื™ึทืฉืขืจ? 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™? 

-- ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข, ื“ื• ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜, ืื– ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ื™ืฉืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฆืื“ื™ืงื™ื? 

-- ืฆื•ื ื‘ืื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, 

-- ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื“ืึธืš. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก. 

--- ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืืœืืžื‘ื•ืจ? 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ... ื ื•, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืžืึธืœ, 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืขืงืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืฅ ื’ืœืื˜ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจ ืื™- 
ื ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื–ื. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืืฉืงืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื™ื™ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืคืืจืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืืœืข ืคึผืืจืืžืขื˜ืจืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืกืคึผืจืื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื ื™ื ืข ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื ืข ื”ืืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™. 
ืื™ื– ืจืขื“ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื ืฐืึธืš, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืืจืฒึทืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคืจืื’ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ: 

-- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธื ื˜ืืงื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื ืข ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื ืขืŸ? 

-- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืื ืฅ ืึธืคื˜. 

-- ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืึธืจ? 

-- ื ื•, ื™ืึธ. ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ืขื ืข ืฐืึธืš. ืขืžืขืก, ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก? ืžืืกืงื™ื? 

ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ื ืฆืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืขื ืขืจ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ,ืงืึธืžื™ื•ื’ื™ืฉืข 
ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข*. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืจืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืงื•ื™ืขืš. 

-- ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืงื•ื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจ- 
ื˜ืขืจ. --- ื ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข-ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. ื˜ืื˜ืข, ืืฃ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. 

-- ื“ืึธ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜. -- ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜. 

-- ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืข ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜. ---ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืืœืฅ. ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ... 

ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื ื”ื™ืฅ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, ืื• ื ืึธืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ;ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข". ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ื ืึธืš. ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื“ืึธ 


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ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฆื™ืžื‘ืœ? ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคืจืื’ืŸ, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 
ื’ืขืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื•ื™ื˜ืœื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื˜: 

--- ืก'ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ื“ื•ืจืš ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ. ื–ืึธืœืกื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸื™ื™ 

-- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื˜. ---ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืข. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ืคึผืขื˜ื™ืฆื™ืข. 

-- ืฐื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืขื˜ื™ืฆื™ืข?--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™- 
ืงืข ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ? ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืงื•ืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื˜ืงืึธื. 

ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืื–ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืง. 

-- ื“ืึธ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ื™ืฆื™ืขืก. ืคืึธืจืžืขืœ ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืš --- ื ื”ืขืคืงื™ื™" 
ืจืขืก. ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื›ืขื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืฃ! 

-- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก- 
ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš, ื›ื•ืฅ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืฉื˜ืื˜ื ืขืจ ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜. ื ื•, ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ 
ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืฆื• ืžืึธืœ ื™ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸืฒื™ 

ืžื•ื™ืฉืขืœืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืืจื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื ืœืื ื’ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ืคื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืกื˜ื™ื™ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“. 

-- ื ื•, ื–ืึธื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืžืฒึทืกืข?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜. 

-- ื ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื‘ืื–ืข ืื™ื– ืคืืจืคื•ื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืืจื’ 
ืคืืจ ืคื•ืคืฆื™ืง ื˜ื•ื–ื ื˜ ืจื•ื‘ืœ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืืจืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืจืืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜. 

-- ื ื•, ื™ืขื ืข ื‘ืื–ืข-ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื™ืก 
ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื•ื•ืขืš... 

ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืคึผืขืก, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข" 
ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื: 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืคืืจ ื ืคืจืื’ืข ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ? 

-- ืื–ื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ... ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ. ืžืข ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ 
ืืฃ ื ืฐืึธืš. ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืš, ืื– ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืขืœื ืข. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขืกืœืขืก, 
ืฆื™ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™. 

-- ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ. -- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ื™ืš 
ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ 

-- ืฐื™ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื‘ืขืจ?--ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข ืึธื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื.--ืืœื ืคืืœืก, 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ. 

-- ื“ื• ืงืœืฒื™ื‘ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœื•ื•ื™ืจื˜. 

-- ืื™ืš ืงืœืฒึทื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜. ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, ืขืก ื‘ืขื ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ืึธืจ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื”ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืคืจื™. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’? 

--- ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึธืจื’ืŸ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืฆื™ืข ืงืึธื ื˜ืืงื˜ื™ืจืŸ. 

--- ืคืึธืจ, ืคืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื. ื–ืขืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš, ืืœืฅ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ืื™ื 
ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜. -- ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ื• ืคืึธืจืŸ? 

-- ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืืฉืงืขื ื˜. 

--- ืื•ื™,. ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืืฉืงืขื ื˜? ื›'ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจ... ืฐื•ืขืกื˜ื• ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืึธืคึผื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืขื ืฅ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืœืข. ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ืคืื˜ื™ืžื. ื ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข. ื•ื•ื™ื™. ืื– ืžืข ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืฒึทื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜.. 

--- ื“ื• ืžื•ื–ืกื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ!--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฐื™ ื ืคึผืกืืง. --ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜... ืžืขื’ืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ. 


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ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ-ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืข ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื’. ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ, ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืืจื˜ื•ื ืงืœื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืคึผืข, ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจ- 
ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืœื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฐืึธืœืงื ื“ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืขืœ 


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ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื™ื™ื“ืœื˜ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ึดืฉืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื ื ืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื: ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜, ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื›ืื–ืขืจืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื›ืื–ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืœืื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจื™ืฉืข 
ืจืขื’ืขืฐื•ื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืฒึทืกืขืฐื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš,. ื‘ืื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืื– ืื–ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื›ื- 
ื–ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืŸ ืึธื ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืกืืžืข ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ื•ื˜ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™- 
ืงืึธืจืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื ืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื, ืื– ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืื–ืขืจืŸ ื™ืขื ืฅ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืœืขื›ืข, ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ- 
ืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื’ืึธืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืจื•ื“ืขื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื–ื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข, ืื–ื ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข 
ื”ืื ื˜. 

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืึธื•ื•ืกืง ื‘ื™ื– ื˜ืืฉืงืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ 
ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืฉืึธ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืœืื ื’ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขื ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ื”ืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืžืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืื–ืขืœื›ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฐืึธื’ืœื˜ืงืฒื™ื˜, ื”ืฒึทืžืœืึธื–ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืฉื ืขืงืฒึทื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ืื•ืžืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืขืจ, ืฆืขืจื•ื“ืขื•ื•ืข- 
ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืขื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืžืข ื–ื™ืฆื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืข ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื”ืืžื•ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืืจื•ื ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ื 
ืจื™ื™ืขืš, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ -- ืžื™ื˜ ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื™ื‘ืœื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื ืึธื‘ืœื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื–ืฑืขืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™- 
ืงืขืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืืœืฅ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ึนืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ื: ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ืขืจื™ืฉืข ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจื™ืฉืข ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืข- 
ืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืคึผืืงื˜ืขืจ 
ืขืฉืขืœืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืืจืฑืกื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ืงื™ื ื“, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜, ืืฐืขืงื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ืข ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื‘ื- 
ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ืข ืขืฉืขืœืึธื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฆืข- 
ื“ื•ืœื˜ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื•ืœื˜ืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื˜ืข ืขืฉืขืœืึธื ืขืŸ. ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื™ืึธืžืขืจ. 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื˜ืฉืฒึทื›ืื ื, ืฐื•ึผ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืขื ื’ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื•ึผื 
ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืฒึทื›ืื ื ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื™ืึธื’ื˜ 
ืืจื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืืคึผืŸ, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธื’ื - 
ื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืื’ืึธื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื™ืขื ืข ืขืฉืขืœืึธื ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืืœืฆืขื ืข, ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืงื ืึธื‘ืœื˜ืข, ืคื•ึนืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืขื˜ ืืจื•ืฃ, ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข, 
ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื•ืฉื ืขืงืฒึทื˜. ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผื“ืจืฒืขื ื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคืขืก ื ืฉืฐืขืจืŸ, ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืข- 
ื ืขื ื”ืืœื‘ื“ืจืขืžืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ืœืื ื’ืŸ ืžืขืกืœืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืคืืจื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ืืฉืžืึธืฉืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืžืื›ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ึผืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื ืืกืขืจ, ืืŸ ืขืกืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ 
ืืฃ ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ. ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ืคืื˜ื™ืžื, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข, ืคื•ืœื‘ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ื–ื‘ืขื˜ืฉืงืข. ืฆื™ ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™, ืฆื™ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ื–ื™ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื™ื™ืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืœืขืฆืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืงื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฆืขืงืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื–ื™ืก ืจื•ื™ื›ืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืฆื˜, ืืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืื ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจื™ืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ืข 
ืงื™ื–ื™ืงืขืก. ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืจื•ื™ื›ืขืœืข ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืก, 
ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ืคืื˜ื™ืžื, ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ื ืคืืจืคึผืึธืจืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืืจื”ืึธืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื–ื ืคืจื™ืฉ, ืื–ื ืฉืฒึทื ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืกืœืขืš. ื˜ืืงืข ื“ืึธ, ืื™ื ืขื ืœื™ื™ืžืขื ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ืคืื˜ื™ืžื, ืฐืึธืก ืืคืŸ ืกืืžืข ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื˜ืืฉืงืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื, ืื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืข- 
ืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ืคืืจ- 
ืฐื•ื•ื ื“ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ. ื ื•, ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ืกืง, ืื™ื– ืฐื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ื’, 


89 


ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื– ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืขืกื˜ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜: ืฐื™ ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืืฉืงืขื ื˜, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืืฐื•ืขืง ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืขื 
ืœื™ื™ืžืขื ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ืคืื˜ื™ืžื, 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื ืฉืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืฆื• ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘. ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ืœืขืš ืฉื ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ 
ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืืœืงืข ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ื ืึธืš ื ืืงืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื“ืœ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืง- 
ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทืกืข ื›ืจืขืžื–ืขืœืขืš ืืฃ ื ื’ืขืงื•ื™ื™ื˜ืœื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ื“. 

ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืžืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืงืฒึทื˜. ื ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื‘ืืจืขืจ 
ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ. ืฐื™ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื“ืฒึทื’ืขืก, ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืœืื’ืข, ืžื™ึทื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ืึธื ืฐืึธื’ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืขืก ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืึธื˜-ืึธื˜ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืœื™ึดืขืŸ, ืืจื•ืžืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ืจื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื“ื• ืฐืขืกื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ. ืงืึธื ืกื˜ ืคืืจืคืœื™ืขืŸ 
ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ื”ืฒึทื˜, ืงืึธื ืกื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ืคืœื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒื™ึทื ืข ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจืข ืžืึธืจื’ื ืก. 

ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ืฑื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืคืจืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ื’ืกื™ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ,. ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืœืข ืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, ืงืืจื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืืจืฉื™ืงืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื ืœืข- 
ืคึผื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง: ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืœื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืจื™ื™, ืฐื™ ื ืคื•ื™ื’?, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืจื•ื ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื“. 

ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืืœืฆืขื ืข ืฐืึธื’ืœืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื ืคืืจื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข 
ืฉืฒึทื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืžื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ, ื’ืขืฉืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืข ื“ื•ืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืœื•ืคื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก ื™ืึธืž- 
ื˜ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื•ืžื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืงื•ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื•ื–ื‘ืขืง, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื–ื‘ืขื˜ืฉืงืข. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืคื™ืœ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจ, ืฉืขื ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ืขื ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ืžื•ื– ื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื–ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข 
ืขืจื“ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ, ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืง, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืฆ;ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ? 

ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทืกืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆืขืงื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ืื ืฆืŸ, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื - 
ื’ื™ื™ืŸ,. ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืืœื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ืœื•ืคื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ืึธืคึผืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืขืœื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•-ื–ื™ืš. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคื™ืœ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื - 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืš. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืกืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื™? ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืฑื™ืžืฐืึธืœ, ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ื ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•- 
ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜, ืฐื™ ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืฆื•ื ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ืืœืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ื™ืžื™ืข, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ (ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืึธืคึผืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจ ืืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข ืืฃ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขืคื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืงืกืŸ. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืขื ื‘ืื“ื™ึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ื•ื™-ื˜ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, 
ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ื™ืžื™ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืขื“ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืคึผืคืืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืข 
ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฆื•ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืคึผืืกื™ืง ืึธืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืืจ- 
ืœืึธื–ืข ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฅ ืงืึธืžืคึผืงื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืืจืœืึธื–ืข 
ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ื™ื™ืฉื•ื•ืฑื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืขืœืŸ ืื•ืคืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืืจื•ื ื–ื™ื™. 

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืื‘ืจื™ืงืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืœืื ื™ืจื˜ ืืฃ ื ืžืขื”ืืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืงื™ืœืึธืžืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื’ืœืื ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข ,ืฐืึธืœื’ืข" ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ื•ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืคืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื™ืงืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืก 


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ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืœื™ื˜ืข ืกืขื“ืขืจ. ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืจื™ืœืฆื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื–ืฉืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื–ื™ื™-ืื’ืจืขื’ืื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืž- 
ืฐืึธืœ-ืคึผืœืื ื˜ืืฆื™ืขืก. ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ึนืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืคื•ื•ืื›ื•ื ื’, ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฑื™ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืงืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืขืœื“, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ื™ื’ื ื“ืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืจื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ื ื™ื’ื ื“ืœืขืš, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก 
ืคืœืขื’ ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ืคืื˜ื™ืžื. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ. ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืงืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืึธืก 
ืœื™ื™ืžืขื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ. ืืœืฅ, ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจืฑืกืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœื’ืึธืจื ื“ื™ืง. 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ. ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื ืขืกื™ืข ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ 
ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜, ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžืข ืคืื˜ื™ืžื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื›ืึธืœืขื. 
ืื™ืฆื˜, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื•ื• ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืฒึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜. ื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ืฐื•ื™- 
ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืก. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืืฆื˜, ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืข- 
ื”ืื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ืืฃ ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžืข ืคืื˜ื™ืžื 
ืื–ื•ื™, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื ืึธืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™-ื˜ืจืขืกื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜-ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜, ื˜ื•ืจืกื•ืŸ 
ืื•ืกื•ืžื‘ืฒื™ืขื•ื•, ื ื’ืขืคึผืืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื›ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื–ื‘ืขืง, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืฒึทืœืขื›ื™ืง ืคืืจื‘ืจื•ื™ื ื˜ ืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืคื•ืœ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืคืข ืงืืจื‘ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืขืจื“ืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ 
ื’ืจืึธืฐืงืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืึธืจื“ื ื˜ ื ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ 
ืื•ืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜... ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜ื™ืง-ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืขื ืข ืคึผืœืขืฆืœืขืš, ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึธื•ื•, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฒึทื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืœืื ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืคืขื˜- 
ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฉืืฉืœื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืจืคืŸ ื˜ืื, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฑื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืข- 
ืจืฆื™ 

ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ื“ืขื ื’ืืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš, ืื– ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืจืฒึทื“-ื’ืขื“ืขืงื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืกื•ืžื‘ืฒึทืขืฐื• ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืืฒึทื ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื. 

-- ื“ื• ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึถืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืื–ืึธื•ืกืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืžื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื–ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึธืœืขื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื ืกืึธื“ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืœื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข. ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืคืืจื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื•ื–ื‘ืขืงื™ืฉืข ื•ื™ื™ืŸ- 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ื‘ืŸ? ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื ื“ื™ื ื™ืข? ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง. 
ืฆืขืŸ ืงื™ืœืึธื’ืจืื ื ืฉื˜ื™ืง. ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš. ื ื“ื™ื ื™ืข, ืฐื™ ื ืคืืก. ื ื•, ื˜ื• ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜, 
ืงืึธื ืกื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’. 

ืื•ื™, ืฐื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง! ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™... ื ืคืจืฒึทืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืืœืข ืฆื•ื•ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ืึธื•ื•ืกืง, ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื– 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ืคืื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื“ืจืึธื“ืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืจืข ืืฒื™ื‘ื™ืงืข ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืฉืœื™ืžืื–ืœ. ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ, 
ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืืœืฅ, ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืคืกื ืฒึท ืืœืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื‘. 
ืืœืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘! 

ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื•ื ื’; ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ ืืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืฆื•" 
ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืš. ื ืฐืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืกื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื™ืขื“ืข 
ื ืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ื•ื›ื ื“ื™ืง ื™ืขื ืขื ืกืืžืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื™ืื ื˜, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืึธืŸ ืžืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืคืืจ ืฆืฐื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื. ืขืคึผืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜, ืขืคึผืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜. ืืคืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก 
ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื, ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ื™ืงืข, ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืขืฆืฐืฒื™ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืฉืฐืขืจืŸ ืžืขืกืœืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืขืœื ืข. ืื™ื 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ืฒืคึผืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืคืึธืจืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืฅ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืขื“ืขืžืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ื™- 
ื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ, ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืข ืืฒึทื ืจืขื“ืขื ื™ืฉ. ืขืจ ืžื•ื” 
ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ืืœืฅ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜, ืื– ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืืฑืกืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ. 


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ืืคืŸ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ืืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืœืฑื’ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื–ืึธื•ื•ืกืง. 

ืคื•ื ืขื ืืขืจืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืคืืจืคืึธืจืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜-ืฆื• ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ืคืจื™ื™. ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืืœื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™- 
ื˜ื•ื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืึธ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขืงืจืข- 
ื˜ืืจืฉืข ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืึธืœื“ืŸ, ืื– ืžืข ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜, ืžืข ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืืฃ ืื™ื. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคึฟื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ึนื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืœืืžืขืŸ. 
ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื ืข ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื ืข. 

--- ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ? ื ื•, ืฐื™ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜?! ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’? 
ื’ื•ึนื˜, ื’ื•ื˜. ืื™ืš (ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ. ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ ืฐืึธืก. ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ื–ืขืงืก ืื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜, ืื™ื– ื 
ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ. ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข. 

ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ืื– ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›ื˜: 

--- ื ื•, ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืคื•ืคืฆืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ. ื’ื•ื˜? ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืจื•ื™ืง. 

ื ืึธืจ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•ื™ึทืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ 
ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ืงืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•ึนื™ึทืง? ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ 
ื–ื™ืš ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืจื•ื™ึดืง?! 

ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžืจื•, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืื™ื ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืกืฒึทืฐื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ" 
ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื ืžืฒึทืกืข ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ. ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืืฐืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื 
ื ืึธืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•--ื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ืŸ. 
ื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืจ ืคืœืื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจ" 
ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืึธ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“. ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืฉืฐืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืจืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื ืข ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื ืขืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ.. ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขื’ืืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ. ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ. ืงื•ื™ื 
ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื– ืึธืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื–ืขืงืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืžืื ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง. 

ื‘ืึธื ื•ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธืœืฒื‘ื•ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜, 
ืื– ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืคื•ืคืฆืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื˜ืงืึธื. ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืฉืคึผืื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืืกืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืฉืขืจ ืกืื™ื– ืื™ื ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื™ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜. ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื‘ืœืฑื– ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืžืึธืœ,. ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“-ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ. ื“ื™ ืึธืจื“ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›" 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื’ืจืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื–ืฉื•ืจืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื˜ืขืœื ืข. ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ืืจ- 
ื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ. ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ึผื˜, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกืึธืคืขืง ืฆื•" 
ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื ื™ื ืข ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื ืข... ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื ---,ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืจื•ื™ึดืง". 

ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืื–, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, ืื™ื– ื ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืš-ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืจืฒึทื›ืข ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก, ื ืึธืจ 
ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื›ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข. ื“ื™ 
ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜-ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜-ืื™ื’-. 
ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขื˜ืข ื–ืืš. ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข 
ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื ืคืขืกื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืื–ืข. ื ืึธืจ ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’? 


92 


ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ, ืึธืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžืืจืขืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืจืขืกื˜ืขืœืข. ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ื‘ืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืก ื“ืขื ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ, ืฆืขืฆืฐื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืืฉืงืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒื™ืกืžืฒึทืกืข ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืœื•ื™ื ื˜ ืึธื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจ- 
ืฉืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืกื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคึผืขืงืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื”ื™ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ืื™ื– ื’ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›- 
ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืกื˜ืฒึทืขื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืฉื•ื ืฉืคึผื•ืจืŸ; ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืืจืึธื˜ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜. ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืจืคึผื•ืก, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื- 
ื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทื“ืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืืจื˜ืงืึธื, 

ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืขืคืขืก ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืฐืึธืก? ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜-ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜-ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื”ื™ืŸ, ืฆื•ื ืจืขืืงื˜ืึธืจ, ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืืฑื™ืกืคืึธืจ- 
ืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืืœืฅ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื ื“ื™ืง, ืคื•ึนืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฒึทืข ื–ื•ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืค- 
ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืฆื•ื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืง, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืื•ืŸ... 
ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘. ื“ื™ ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธืฉืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืœืขืงืŸ, ืฐื™ ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข ื‘ืœื™ืฆืขืœืขืš. ืึธื˜ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื 
ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืกื˜ืฒึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืื“ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืงืึธืจืฉื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืฆืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืจื• ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืฐื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืื›ื˜ืŸ, 
ืื– ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื™ืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื–, ืฐืึธืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. 

ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืฐื™ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฐืขืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื ื“ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคืœืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื–, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืจื™ื™ื - 
ื’ืื ื’, ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืง ืื•ืŸ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืื ื’ืŸ ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจ 
ืื”ื™ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืข ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข. ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžืืžืึธ- 


03 


ืฉืขืกื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื–, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื -- ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™- 
ืงืขืจ ื ืขืคืขืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืจื•ืฃ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื”ื™ืœืฃ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืื‘ืึธืจื- 
ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, ืื– ืขืก ืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ื•ืืจื™ืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืขืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื™ื‘ืขืจื”ืืคื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืœืฑื– 
ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืคืึธืจืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ืฉืœืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, 
ืฐื•ื™ ื ื‘ืืคืขืœ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ: ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืืงื˜ืึธืจ 
ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ. ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœื™ืืจืขื- 
ืกื™ื’ื ืืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื“ืขื–ืฉื•ืจื ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืงืึธืจืคึผื•ืกืŸ 
ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก. ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, 
ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื ื‘ืืคืขืœ. ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืขื‘ืŸ, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืจื™ื™ืคืข-ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืืจ, ืœื™ื’ื˜ 
ื ื”ืืง! ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืืง ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜, ืื•ืคื’ืข- 
ืจื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคื•ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืื–, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืœืขืงืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื ื‘ืœืขื ื“ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืžืื›ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื–ืืš ื’ืข- 
ืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืจืขืืงื˜ืึธืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš 
ื‘ื™ืœื“: ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืœื˜ืขืจ-ืืคึผืืจืื˜ ื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืงืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืขืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– 
ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆื˜ ื ื”ื™ื™ืกืข, ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืข ืคึผืœื™ืกื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืฉืฑืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืืงื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืจื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืขืงืœ. ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ืืจืขืžื•ื ื’. 
ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคืจืฒึทืก. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืืงื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ืกื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœืขืš. ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืฉืœื™ืกื˜ 
ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผ?! ืคืืจื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขื ืจืขืืงื˜ืึธืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืœื™ืกื™ืงืฒึทื˜? ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ 
ืื™ื ื“ืึธืš ื‘ืืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื‘ืจื™ึดืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก! 

ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, ืฐืขืœืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื”ื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื•ึผืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืจื™ื˜ ื 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง: ืื•ื‘ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืฑื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืฒึทืขืจืœืขืฉืขืจ-ืงืึธืžืื ื“ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ืื•ืคืจืฒึทืกืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืžืฑื™ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื“ืึธ. 
ืขืจ ืžื•ื–, ืื•ื ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืฒึทื– ืžื•ื– ืขืจ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืœืขืฉืขืจ. 

--- ืื™ืš ืžื•ื–, ืื™ืš ืžื•ื–! 

ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืกืึธืฃ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›- 
ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทื™ ื“ืขื ืจืขืืงื˜ืึธืจ, ืฆื•ื’ืขืœืึธืคึผืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ. ื ื‘ืืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆ- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคืœื™ืกื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ืœืฒึทื‘ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธื›ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื–ืŸ. ืืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื˜ืจืขื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืืœืข ืคื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึผื•ื™ื–ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆืขืขืคื ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื™ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืขืฉืขืœืึธื ืขืŸ, ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืขื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื– ื™ืขื ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื›ืืœืขืฉืŸ. ื‘ืื ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืข- 
ืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื›ืืœืึธืฉืขืก ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืžืืžืึธืฉืขืกื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ื ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, 
ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข, ืฐืขืจ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื™ื ื“, ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ; 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื’ืกื˜ื• ืื™ื? ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ื ืืฐืขืงื˜ืจืึธื’ืฃ ื–ืขืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš! ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื‘ืขืกืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข? 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข -- ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“; 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜! ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฑื™ืกื˜ืจืึธื’ืฃ 

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ื•ื™ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื’ื ืืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื”ืขืจ. 
ื“ื™ ื“ืขื–ืฉื•ืจื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงืึธืจืคึผื•ืกืŸ, ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืืจืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข ,, ื’ื™ื›ืข ื”ื™ืœืฃ" ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ. 


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-- ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืืฑื™ื’ืŸ -- 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ.. ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฉื ืฒึทื“ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืืจื•ื ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 

-- ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ื˜ืื˜ืข. ืืœืฅ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืฉื•ึนื™ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’, 

ื ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผื“ืจืฒืขื ื™ืฉ.. ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™- 
ืžืขืŸ. ืฐื™ ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ืฆืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืคืืจืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืคื™ืœื. ืขืก ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื ื•ื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™- 
ื˜ืืœื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื ืข ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื ืข ืกืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื•ื•ื ืข ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืงืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืืœื™ -- ื ืคึผืขืงืขืœืข ืžืืจืื ืฆืŸ, 

-- ื ื•, ืžืขื’ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืกืŸ?--- ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืืœื™. 

-- ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก? --- ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื. 

-- ื ื™ื ืข, ื–ืึธื’ ื“ื• ืื™ื. ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. 

ื ืขืžื˜ ื ื™ื ืข ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืขืœืข ื ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืœ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจ ื ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜: ,ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืฉื˜ืื“ืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ืจืื˜, ืคืืจ ืืจืฑืกืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื’ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผ- 
ืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทื“ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืคืจืฒึทืก, ืึธืคึผืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืืคึผืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื‘ืึธืจื™ืกืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืฉืื‘ื™ืกืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ื’ืกืืจื‘ืขื˜". 

ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื™ืจืขื“ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ... ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ? ืขืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืืœื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืคื™ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ื’ื•ื˜ืขืคืจืฒึทื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื ืงืœืขื ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ. ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืคืขืจ, ืฆื™ ื’ืœืื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™, 

-- ืืฒึทืš ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืžืื–ืœื˜ืึธื•? -- ืจืขื“ื˜ ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืืฒึทื ื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืคืœืื˜ืขืจ. 

ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ? ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืก?! ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ื–ืึธืœืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขืš. 

ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืืœื™ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืฉ: 

-- ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. 

ื ื™ื ืข ื’ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืขืœืข: 

-- ื•ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืก ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืื˜ืข... ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข... ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืžื•ื˜ื™ืง, 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื - 
ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ; 

-- ื˜ื• ื ืึธืจ ื ืงื•ึนืง, ื‘ืึธืจืขืš, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื”ืืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื˜ืฃ 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื•ื™ื™ื ืกื˜ื•, ื ืืจืขืœืข?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข ื–ื™ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ึทืงื˜.---ืื‘ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจืืคึผืขื˜. 

-- ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ.. ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐื™ืงืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืืจ- 
ืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก... ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืื›ื˜ืข. 

-- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืš,-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืก.---ืืฃ ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืขื ืœืขืš? 

ืคืื™ื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš. ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืœื™ึถืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืืฑืกืฆื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืื™ืจ 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืกืืจืคืขื˜ืข, ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืื˜ืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก 
ืฆื• ื”ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ืžื•ื– ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, 
ื–ื™ ืžื•ื– ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘-ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื– ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื- 
ื“ื™ืžืขืŸ. ืืœืฅ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื˜, ื ืึธืš ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื™ืึธื’ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืจืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ืค- 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ืงื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื’ื™ืœื˜ ืฆื• ืืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


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ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืœืฆื™ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ืึธื ืฆื•ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืืจื•ืค" 
ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื•ื™ืงืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื ื–ืงื™ื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืฉืœืื‘ืขืจื™" 
ืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ. ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ- 
ืกื˜ืข ืคึผืึธืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืกืืงืึธื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืื™" 
ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜,. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืคืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข. ื‘ื ืืœืข ื–ื™ื™-- ื‘ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ-ืื•ืŸ-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื‘ื ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืง ื ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื - 
ื–ืืžืขืจ, ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืขืจ, ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืฒืœื˜ืขืจ, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืžื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืงืŸ. ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข 
ื–ืื›ืŸ, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ืจ ืืŸ ืื•ืžืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“" 
ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืจืขืง ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืขืŸ. ืฐื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ื 
ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•"ื–ื™ืš? ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ืืŸ ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ืข. ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืคืื™ื ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื–ื™ ื ื ืขื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืง 
ื ืคื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืขืœื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸื™ 

-- ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, -- ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆืขืจื˜? 

ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื›ืœื™ืคึผืขื˜. ืคืื™ื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื˜ื™ื›ืขืœืข ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ' 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜. -- ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืฉ. 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืืœืฅ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’. 

ื’ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ื™ื™. 


ืืœืฅ, ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ. 
ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฐื•ื˜ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื•ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฃ? 

ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. ื ืึทืจ 
ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื™ื ืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ 
ื˜ืื˜ืข-ืžืืžืข ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื ื“ืœ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื– ื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืก,. ื˜ืืงืข ื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืก, ื ืึธืจ 
ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืงื•ื™ืขืš, ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ื™ื•ื ื’ืื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืข. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืขืจ" 
ืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ืคื•ื•ืขืงื• ืืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš ืืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ื”ื™ืฅื™ 
ื ื‘ื™ืกืขืœืข ืึธื ื’ืจืฒึทืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ื’ืข" 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืืงืฉืึธื ืขืกื“ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืข 
ืคืจืื’ืข: 

-- ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ? 

--- ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ?--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

--- ืฐื•ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ? ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ! 

--- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ? ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ืขืก ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ? 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ? ื“ื• ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึธืšื™ื™ 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš! ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืจืขืœื™ืงื™ 

--- ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜...--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. -- ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืื–ื ืฐื•ื™ื™ 
ืœืขืจ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ. 

--- ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœืข ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจื™ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืง. ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš. ืœื™ื‘ืขื™ื™ื™ 

-- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜. --- ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืจืึธื“ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅื™ 
ื ืึธืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜: -- ื“ื• ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš. ื“ื• ื˜ืึธืจืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืจืŸ... ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื˜ืื˜ืข, 
ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืื–ื ื–ืืš... 

--- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืื“ื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 

ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ. 

--- ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืื–ื ื–ืืš... ื–ื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ืฒืฒึทืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืกื˜ืข ืืฑื™ืกืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ... ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ 
ืคืืจืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸื™ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ.ื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืงืึธื• ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. 


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ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜. ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ- 
ืฉืขืžื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืคึผืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก, ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื– 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื”ื™ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื‘ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืจื• ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ, 

-- ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ?--- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืื™ื ืข ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜. 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื™ืึธื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜? 

-- ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื–ืฉื ืข... ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜... ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืก.. ืื•ึนืŸ 
ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜? ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜? 

-- ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืืก. 

-- ืืฃ ืœืื ื’?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืื™ึดื ืข ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืก. 

-- ืืฃ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืืœืก ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, 

-- ืืฃ ื ื™ืึธืจ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืื™ึดื ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ.--- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜? 

-- ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื•ึผื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ... 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ? 

-- ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜.. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ? 

-- ืื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืืžืข, ืฐื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜? ืื™ืš ืžื•ื– ื“ืึธืš:. ื ืึธืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื.. 

-- ืื•ื™, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืื™ื ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื™ื›ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื™ืœ, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฑื™ืกืจืฒึทืกืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืฒึทื ืข. ---ืื•ื™, ื“ื™ ืฉืื‘ืขืกืงื•ื™ื“ืขืฉืขืก! 

ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ; 

-- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก, ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. 

ื ืึธืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึธืจืขืš ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ? ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ 
ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ื™ืงืข ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืฑื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืง. 
ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™-ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืš-ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืกืึธืจื˜ื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœืŸ, 
ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉืคึผืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืข ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ื ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืข. 
ื˜ืืงืข ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฐื™ ื ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืข, ื ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืข ืื™ื™ืฆืข, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฅ 
ื•ื•ืขื–ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืจืืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืขืจ ืงืขืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืึธืงื™ืจื˜, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉื˜ืขื›ื™ืง: 

-- ืื™ื™ืฆืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ... 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืกืŸ. 

-- ืฐืึธืก ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ? ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš. ืึธื˜, ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ืืœืŸ ืฆืขืš. 

ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคืืจ 
ื ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผื™ืขืœืŸ ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืึธื ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ... ื‘ื ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืข- 
ืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืืงืฉืŸ. 

-- ื ื•, ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜? 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง 
ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืืงืื“ืขืžื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจืฑืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืืจื˜ืงืึธื. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, 

-- ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก, ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื‘ืืคืขืœ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืืœืก ืฉืขืฃ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ืืœืŸ ืฆืขืš?-- ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ. -- ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื›ืืจืึธื˜ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ? 

-- ืืœืข ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืืจืึธื˜ืข.---ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืœืขืš. 

-- ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜? 

-- ืืคื™ืœืข ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, 

-- ื ื•, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึธืจื’ืŸ. 

-- ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึธืจื’ืŸ. 

(ืืœืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืข ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืฑืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ึนืŸ 
ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืืจื•ื™ืกืจืขื“ืŸ ืืฃ ื ืงืึธืœ. ืฐื™ ื–ืฉืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, ืื– 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜? ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจ 


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ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืš, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ. ืจืึธื™ 
ื›ืขืœืข ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ: 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก. 

ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ; | 

-- ืฐื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜, ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข? ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ 
ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืื˜ืขืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ืฉืงืจืื‘ืขืก? ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ึน ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ? ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ 
ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืฆืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ? ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึทืข. ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืกืข ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืื“ืขื™ 

ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, โ€ ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืงืจื™ื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผืขื˜ืŸ: 

-- ืื•ื™, ื‘ืึธืจืขื›ืœ, -- ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, -- ื“ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื’ื™ื˜ืคึผืจืึธืคึผื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ื™ืง. ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ? 

ื“ืืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก!.. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื•ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืื– ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื 
ื‘ื•ืจื–ืฉื•ืื–ืข ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื ืขื›ื˜ ื‘ืื ื‘ื•ื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื˜, 
ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ, ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜, ื“ื™ ืขืžืขืกืข, ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืข ืœื™ืฆืข! ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืขื ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ืกืœืขืš ืฐืขื˜ 
ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื– ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ืฐืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฐื™ื“ืขืจืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื™ 
ืงืœืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขืŸื™ 
ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื’ืœืื ืฆื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื™ืขื ืฅ ืœืื " 
ื’ืึธื ื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืึธื›ืขืœืขืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืื ืฆืขื ืข ื ืขื›ื˜. ื–ื™. ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ื‘ื" 
ืจื•ื™ื’ืขื–ืข: 

-- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ื ื“ืขืจื™ื ืขืŸ? 

-- ืฐืขืจ, ืื™ืš?-- ื”ืึธื˜ื‚ ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื ื›ืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐื™ ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื 
ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ. --- ืื™ืš? ื ื•, ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ืื™ืš. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ืžืขืงืื ืข, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืžืขืงืื ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ ืคืืจ 
ืื™ืจ ื“ืจืฒืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืึธืœื“ืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืขื ืฉืจื™ื˜, ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืื’ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืจ, ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืกืืžืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ, ืœืขื‘ื ืก" 
ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. ืขืจ, ื‘ืึธืจื™ืก ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขื– ื“ืขื 
ื˜ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืฆื™ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื“ืขื, ื”ืึธืก ืขืจ 
ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื‘ ืžื™ื™ืขืจืœ ื‘ืืœื ืขืก. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜; ืคืืจ" 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื›ืœืขืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื’ืขืžื•ื–ืก ืึธื " 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœ, ืื– ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ืคืืจืกืึธืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ืขืจ. 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœืŸ ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ืขื ืขื ืจืขื’ื ืžืื ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงื™ืจื–ืขื•ื•ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ. ืืœืฅ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจืขื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ, ืคื•ึนืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ื ืึธืš 
ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืึธืœืข ื’ื“ื•ืœืข ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜ืงืฒึทื˜. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื’ื™ืกื˜?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ึดืขืŸ ืฆื• ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืืจ" 
ื˜ื•ื ืงืœื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจืœ. --- ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขื’ืŸ! 

ื“ืขื ืจืขื’ื ืžืื ื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฐืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฐื™ 
ื›ืื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

--- ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข, ื’ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉื˜ืขืงืฉื™ืš! ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืื–ื ืžืึธื“ืข. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื ื•ืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ. ื–ื™ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึธื’ ืื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข. ื ืืจืขืœืข, 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ืื™ืจ, ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืขืจื“, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฑื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข. 

ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืงืฉื™ืš, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื–ืขื˜ ืืฑืก, ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื 
ื“ืขืจืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜: 

--- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื“ืึธ ืืฒึทืš ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ืขื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง. ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜. 


8 


ืจืึธื›ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืงืก ื“ืขื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจื•ื™ืจืขื ืขื ื’ืืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืจืขื’ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ; 

-- ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื ื’ืœืึธื– ื˜ื™ื™? 

-- ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ. 

ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื•ืจืขืžืขืœืข ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืึธื– ืืฃ ืึธื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, 
ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ืคึผื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืจืขื“ื˜. 

-- ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื›ืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื›ืืœื•ื™- 
ืžืขืก. ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื–ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื ืึธืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืœืขืง 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื–ื™ื™ื˜. ื™ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืืจื•ื ื ืฆืขื“ื•ืœื˜ืขืจ: ืฐื•ึผ ื ืขืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ืคึผืœื•ื’, 
ืฐื•ึผ ื ืขืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื‘ืึธืจืึธื ืขืก, ืฐื•ึผ ื ืขืžื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื–ืฒื™ืขืœืงืข? ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ื™ื’ืขืœืข ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ: ื˜ื• ื ืงื•ืง, ื‘ื ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ-ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ 
ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืืงืขืจื˜ืข. ื ื‘ื™ื–ืข-ื‘ื™ื–ืื™ืขืŸ! ืงื•ื ืื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื•ื™ืจื˜, ื‘ืื–ืขืฅ 
ื–ึดื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ื ืขื ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืฐืขืจ ืื™ืš ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ื›ืืœื•ื™ืžืขืก. 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขืกื•ื™ืœืขื ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ื™ื’ืข- 
ืœืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ.. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืคื™ืœ 
ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ื“ืืคืงืข ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฐืึธืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื 
ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœืฐื™ืจื˜, ืื– ืขืก ืคืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•-ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืืงื˜ืึธืจืก. 
ื ื•, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ;ืกืขืœื›ืึธื–ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืงื" ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ืื ื˜ืฉืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜. ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคืึธืจื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืจืฐืึธืก ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ,ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜". 

ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธืก ื ื“ื•ื ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. ืฉืืจืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื•ื ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืฒึทืงืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ื ื“ื•ื ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืืŸ ืขืžืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื•ื™ืœ-ืžืขื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, ืื– ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื”ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’- 
ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’. 


ืคึผืขืจืขื–ืฅ ืžืืจืงื™ืฉ 


100 


ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข" 


ืžื™ืจ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆึทืฐื™ืฒ ืคืจืื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืขืฅ ืžืืจืงื™ืฉืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืขืŸ" 
ื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื’ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข*" ืœืฑื˜ืŸ ืงืกืื•ื™ืื“ (ืžืืฉื™- ื“ืจื•ืง), ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ" 
ื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืจื›ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" (ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคืจืื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ--ื–ืข 
;ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื ื•ืž. 12, 1980, ื ื•ืž. 9, 1981, ื ื•ืž. 9, 1982. 


ื ืฆื•) 


ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจื˜ืึธืคึผ ืžืขืจ ื‘ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึธื, 
ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ; 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืขืฅ-ื™ื™ึทืกืจืึธืขืœ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ... 


ืขืก ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื•ืžืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜; 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืคืึธืจื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึธื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ 
ืืฃ ืฉืจื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื™ืืจื™ื“ืŸ.. 


ืขืก ื‘ืœื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื“ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขืงืก, - 
ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื ืขืก ืžืข ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจื ืก; 
ืืจื™ื™ื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืขืงืก 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื“ืขื --- ื•ื™ ื–ืืžื“ ืื•ึผืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 


ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ? 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจืขื’? 
ืก'ืคืืจื–ืขืฆื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื’ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืืฃ ืคืœืืžื™ืงืŸ ืฆื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืฒึทื“ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. 


ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจืืคึผืขืŸ? 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ืคื•ืก? 

ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืื‘ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืื‘ืึธืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธื’ืœ-ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืก! 


ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜ 

ื‘ื™ื– ื‘ืขืจื“ -- ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ื™ืงืข ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ; 

ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืงืจืขืžืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ื™ื™ืฉืขืง ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ืขื˜, 
ืฐื•ื™ ื”ื™ืจื–ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืื‘ื•ื ืขืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคืืจื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืก ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’, 


ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื•ื•ืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืึธื“ืŸ ---ืืœืฆื™ื™ื ืก ื ืึธืจ ืžืข ืœื™ืคืขืจื˜; 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ: -- ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ื•ืขืง, 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ: -- ืืฃ ืฐืึธืก? ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ?.. 


ืžืข ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, 
ื‘ื™ื– ื‘ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ื™ืงืข ื–ื•ื ืขืŸ; 

ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ --- ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืง, 
ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืจื–ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืื‘ื•ื ืขืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, ืฐื™ ื ื“ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืฃ, 


ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืฆืขื”ืืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš; 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืœืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขืก ืžืข ืฉื™ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืืงืกืœืขืŸ, 


ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“, ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืจื™ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื ื’ืœืขืŸ; 

ืขืก ื›ืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืจื“ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขื ืข ื–ืื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ืขืก ื›ืึธืœืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืคึผืฒึทื›ืœืขืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืขื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืคืืจืงืจืฒึทื–ื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืืจืงื ืก; 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืฆื•ื ืื›ื˜ืกืŸ ืืฃ ืงื™ืฉื ืก ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืงืก --- ืฆื•ืคื•ืก ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืืจืงืŸ! 


ืขืก ื”ืจื™ื–ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืคืœื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืคึผ, 
ื 'ืื•ื™ื‘ ื’ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืืจืฒึทื™ื ืžื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš, -- 
ืื™ื– ื›ืืกืขื ืขืก ื ืฒึทืข ืืฃ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ืกื˜ืขืคึผ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœืขื–ืžืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื‘ืื–ืขืฆื ืก.. 


ื ืข) 


ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืขื–ืจืข ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื–ืขื˜, 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ --- ืื•ืคื’ืขืคืœืืงืขืจื˜-ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืคืืจื”ื•ื™ืœืŸ; 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ื™ืœืขื... 


ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืฆ'ืจื™ืง ืื™ืฆื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืืกืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื ื‘ืืจื’ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš; 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืืกื™ืงื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ื˜,., 


ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืก'ื”ืืจืฅ ื–ืฒึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึธื˜, 


ืก'ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืง, ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ: 


...ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก! ืก'ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ.-. 
ื ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืง! ืืฃ ืฆืึธืคืŸ-ื‘ืจืขื’! ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ื’ืœืขื ืฆื ื“!.. 


ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื˜'ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ: 


--- ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื”ืขืจ, ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื! ื’ื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ืง! ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ... ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜?.. 


ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื’... ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœ... 


101 


ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื‘ืขื ืงืœืขืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืจื™ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜, 
ืก'ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื ืื™ื, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืืจื˜: 
-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืœื‘-ืื™ื ื“ื–ืขืœืข ื˜ืฉืึธื ื’ืืจ!-- 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืจื˜ืข... 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืœื™ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทืš ืกืืœื’ื™ืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš --- ืคืืจืืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ืง. ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืง ืื•ืฃ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ืš, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืคื™ื™ืคืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜!. 


ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ืกืืžื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืคึผืข, 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ื– ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจึผื™ืŸ; 
ืื•ึผืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ืฆื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืืคึผืœืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืขื–ืขืจื ืขืจ ื’ืจืืคื™ืŸ... 


ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžื–ืขื˜, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, 
ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžื–ืขื˜, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, -- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื–ืจืข ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืง ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืกืืจืคืขื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืขื–ืจืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืื ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜... 


ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื–ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืื˜-ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืขื ืขื ืงืึธืžื–ืขื˜ 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื–ืจืข ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื ืฒึทืข ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ; 

ืžืข ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขื˜. 

ื ืฐืึธืจื˜. ื ืฐื•ึผื ืง. ื ืจื™ื’ืขื•ื•ืข -- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืึธืคืŸ. 


ื“ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืคื™ืจ 
ื’ืขืคืืœื“ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืข ืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื“ืขืง, 
ื’ืขืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขืคึผื•ื›ื™ืจื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื“ื™ืงื˜. 


ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜'ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืข, 
ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–'ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืืคื™ืŸ ืคืืจืงืœืขืจื˜, 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื“ืึธ? ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜? 

ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ. ืจืขื›ื˜! 


ืื•ืŸ ืขื–ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืืฃ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜, 

ืื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ืžื–ื™ื›ืขืจืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆืขื˜ื•ืžืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืคึผืึธืจืขื˜; 
ื•ื™ ื 'ืขืคึผืขืก ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงืข, ืฆื™ ื’ืœืื˜ 

ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคึผืขื ืข, ื‘ืืจื•ื™ื’ืขื–ืข... ืžืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜... 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืฑื™ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ืคึผืขื ืกื ืข ืืฃ ื ืขื–, 

ื 'ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ-ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคึผืจืขืกื˜ืข ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืฉื˜ืขืจื ืก; 

ื“ืขืจืฉืžืขืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ื’ืขืกื˜ -- 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืข, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืœืึธื’ืืจื™ืคืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜. 


ื–ื™ื™ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉืืจืคืข ืงืขืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ืžืึธื’ื ืก, -- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื–ืจืข, ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™, ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืš? 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืขื–ืจืข ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืื–ื™ืžืึธื“ืึธืŸ... 
ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš? 


ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืœืขืžื˜, -- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื–ืจืข ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืžื”ื™ื™ืžืœืขืš, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขื–ืจืข ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“. 


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ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื–'ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื ืขืคืขืฉ, 

ืืฃ ื‘ืขื ืงืœืขืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื ืกื ืข ื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืขื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื–; 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ --- ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื™ืœ ืฆืขืขืคื ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜:--- ืืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก?.. 


ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืืŸ ืึธื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ื•, 

ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜, ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•ืงืึธืคึผื ืก; 

ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืคืืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืงืืจืคึผ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ืฆืืคึผืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืฒื’! 


ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืœืื˜ื™ืง, 

ื 'ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืœืึธื– ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืื™ื ื ืคืœื™ื’ ืคืืจื–ื•ื ื˜, --- 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืงื™ื’ื“, 

ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจืื›ื™ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื ืคึผืœื™ื›ืขื•ื•ืื˜ืŸ. 


* 


ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืืŸ ื’ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื’ืฒื’ืขื, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืฃ' ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ืš ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืืœืขืžืขื• ืืœืœ - - 
ื”ืึธืก ืขื•ืจึนืข ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ {985ืก ืื•ื•ื™ ืืกื”ืฒื˜ืœืขืš, 

ื”ืึธืก ืขื–ืจืข ื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจึทืคื™ืœื˜ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืจืขืกืจ, + 


ืื ืกืงืขื ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื›ืืฐืขืจ ืกื•ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืคืขืฉ / 

ืืฃ ื’ืขื ืงืœืขืš ืฆืฐืฒ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืข1ืกื ืข ื’ืข ื’ืขืกืึทืกื˜ื™ืขืก : ื“ืขืจืฑ ืื•; 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐืืงืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจืฒื˜ = ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื™ืœ ืฆืฆืฑืค 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืจืขื’ื˜:- ื ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขืฃ ืื™ , ืฐืึธืก}, 


ืื•ืŸ ืื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœืž ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืขื” ื—ื™ ืืŸ ืึธื‘ึดึผื™ ื˜ืงื˜ *ืช . 
-ืคื™ื–ืึธืœ. ื ืฒืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจืขืงืงื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•ืกืืคึผ1ืก; 
ืขืš 2 ืืฃ. ื“ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื•ื™ = ื ืฐืขื ืกืงืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ 
2 ื ื“ืึธืจืก ื™ื™ ืจ ื ืฆืืคึผ ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื 
2 4 


ืคื•ืŸ ืืขื›ื•ืขืฃ ื–ืฒื } -ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืจืึธืŸ ืคืืจืึธืงื, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื‘ืื ืฒืกื˜ืขืจืขืงืฒื˜ ื ืœืฉืคืจืฆืฉื˜ ื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขืฉืขืก 9ืขื ืกื ืข; 


ื—ื™ ืกื™ืฆื™ื ื–ื™ืš,ืฐื™ ืคืขืฅ ืฆื™ืกืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืค ืขืก 


ื”ืึธื‘ึผืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ืคึผืืคึฟื™ืจืึธืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืคื 6 ื’ืฉื˜ืจื™ื‘ึผืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื˜ ื‘ื’ืขืชืขื 8 
. ื’ืขืงื•ืงืก ืืฃ ื–ืจืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉ ืจื•ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืืจื™ื‘ึผืขืจ, 


ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ืจืข ื”ืึธืก ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืกื™ืื™ื– ื™ืขื“ื˜ืจ ืฐืืจื ื‘ืขืจืœืฆื’ื ึผื˜ ืคึผืœึฐืžึถื, 
*ื•ืŸ 998ืกื˜ืก ืกื™ืื™ื– ื’ืข ื’ืœื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืื™ืงืขืจ: 

ืื ื“ืŸ ื ื”ืฒืืŸ ื ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ ื ืœืื ืจืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื™ืขืŸ ืจื“ืขื ืคืืจื‘ึผืื’ื“ 7 "ืฃ ืžื™ื ืืœืฅ ื• ื™ื‘ึผืŸ ืจืขืคึผื•ื ึผืœ ื™ืกืŸ} 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ึผื™ืจื’ืขืจ-ืงืจื™ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื ื˜ ื ืขื‘ื”ืื›ื˜ 

ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื”ืฒื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒืข 6 

ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืกื™ื’ืขื•ื™ื›ื˜, ืึธื˜ ืื™ ื“ืึธืก ื™ืข 1 ื–ืึธื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืืš 

ืื– ื“ืขื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืึธื’ืขืŸ ื™ื• * 
ืื•ื™ื’ ื™ื - ืื™ื• ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื ื = ืื™ืš -ื ืจืŸ}; 


ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึธืŸ ืกืึธืจืึธืงื 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืขืคืขืฉืขืก ืคึผืขื ืกื ืข; 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉืฒึทืžืคึผืขืจืœืขืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจืขืžืœ ืก'ืคืืจืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ืข ืืคืŸ ื”ืึธืงืœ, 
ื•ื™ ืก'ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื™ ืกืข ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืก'ื ืขืžื˜! 


ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ื“ืจื™ ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื–ืขื˜ 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืึธืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ 

ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืขื–ืจืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืจื•ื™ืš. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ... 


ืื•ืŸ ืขื–ืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒืฒึทืš ืฆื•ื ืื™ืงืขืจ: 

ื ืœืื ื“! ื ื”ื™ื™ื! ื ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืง! ื ืœืื ื“! 

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ื‘ืื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ! 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธืก ื‘ึผืึทืฉืฒืกืคึผืขืจืœืขืš ื’ืฆื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืืก ืฐืขืจืขืกืœ ืื™ืืืฉื˜, ืืคืŸ ื”ืึธืงืœื™, 0 


ื“ื™ ืื™ื’ืขืจื™ืงืฅ ื“ืจืฒ ื›ืืฐืฒืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ึผื•ึผืขื 1 


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ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ืฐืฑื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ; 

ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืก'ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜. ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ. ื 'ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืืš, 
ืื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ, 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืึธ--- ืื™ื– ื™ืึธ! ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื™ืŸ --- ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ืŸ! 


ื‘ื ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื ืขืคืขืฉ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืื ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืœึดื™ืคึตึผืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉื˜, 

ื ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉื™ืคึผืขื˜: 

-- ื ื•, ื™ืึธ, ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืืงื˜ ื ื˜ืฉืฒึทื ื™ืง! 


ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืจื™ืก , 

ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื•ื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ ืื™ื; 
--- ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื–ื! ืฆื™ึดืขื ื™ื–ื! 

ื“ื™ ื™ืื™ืœื ืฐื•ืขืฆื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ;ื”ืจ-ืžื•ืจื™ื”"! 


ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจื™ืฉ ืื–ื•ื™, 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ืฒื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ: 
--- ืืจื™ื™ื ืคืืœืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืžื•ื™ืœ 

ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ึท ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขืงืื ืข! 


ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืก, 

ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืก'ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ, --- 
ืื– ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืจื™'ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื–, ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืืœื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ื“ืขื ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ื ืขืคืขืฉ. 


ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื ืขืฆื˜, ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงืจื™ืฉืขื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขื›ืฐื•ืฒึทื™ื– ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ; 

ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื 'ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ: -- ื˜ื™ืฉืข! ื˜ื™ืฉืข! 
ืื•ึผืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฆื™ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืฆื™ ื ื™ื™ืŸ?! 


ื“ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ื ืขืคืขืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง 

ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื˜ืฉืขืจืงืืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ืžืืจืง; 

ืื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฐื™ึทื™ึทื ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื 'ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑืกืŸ ืืฃ ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืจืœ ืžืืจืงืก. 


ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื ืขืคืขืฉ, 

ื•ื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืจื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื“ื‘ืขืจ; 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงื•ื•ืขืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ (...) 

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜, 


ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ึดืขืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืฃ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ืฒื™ึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: 
ืื•ืŸ--- ื ื™ื˜ ืื”ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ -- ื ื™ื˜ ืื”ื™ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ -- ื ื™ื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ! 


ื“ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื ืขืคืขืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง, 
ื•ื™ ืกืขื ื“ืขืจืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืึธืžื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ; 
ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื‘ืืจื’, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื˜ืึธืœ, 

ืื•ึผืŸ ืก'ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื™ื˜ืขืจ; 


ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืœื•ืคึผืกืงืขืจ ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ื™ืขื™ืื“ืขื•ื•ืงืขืจ ื˜ืฒึทื›ืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฐืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜: --- ืฐืึธืก ืืจื˜ ืืฒึทืš? 
ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืคึผื™ืฉื™ื’ืจื™ื‘ืขืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ 

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืฉืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ื™ืืจื“ืŸ! 


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ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš ืกืืžื‘ืื˜ื™ืขืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉื™ื™ึทืžืคึผืขืจืœืขืš ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืขืœืขืš, 

ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืืจืœ ืžืืจืงืกืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืขืจืœืขืš 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืกื™ืžืคึผืื˜ื™ืข. 


ื ืึธืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ืงืขืก, ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืืžืขืจืืฆื™ื, 

ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจืืฆื™ืขืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืขืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ืฆื™ืจืง, 

ื•ื• ืก'ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜. 


ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื ืขืคืขืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ --- ื•ื•ืืกืขืจืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืคืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื“ื•ื ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืืกืขื•ื•ืขื˜, 


ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขืคืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื•ื ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืืกืขื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืกื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืกืขื ื“ืขืจืœืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฉืขืจืงืืกืขื ืขื. 


ืื™ื ื‘ืืฐืึธืคื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืกื•ืงื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืœืืงืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื ื“ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืŸ! 


ืกืขื ื“ืขืจืœ ื˜ืฉืขืจืงืืกืขืจ, ืกืขื ื“ืขืจ? ื˜ืฉืขืจืงืขืก -- 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืืฃ ืืœื“ืึธืก ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืขืกื˜! 


ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืก --- ืžื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื“ืึธืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ื ื“ ืคืืจืฉื ืฒึทื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืœืขืš ืžืืงืข-ื“ืึธืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืก -- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ -- ื“ื•! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื ืขืคืขืฉ ื˜'ื ืงืึธืžืื ื“ืขื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ; 
-- ื˜ืฉืขืจืงืืกืขืจ ื˜ืฉืขืจืงืขืกืŸ! ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืก ืฆื•ื ื“ืึธืŸ! 


ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืฒื™ึทื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืคื™ืคื•ื™ืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืึธื ืฉืฐืขืจื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฒื™ื˜ืฐืึธื’ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืคืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืกืขื ื”ืขืจืœืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื ืจืขื“ืข ื ืึธืš 
ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืžื™ื™ืœืขืš ืคึผื™ืคึผืขืจื ืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ืืจ ืงืืœืขื“ื™ื ืขืŸ. 


ืืฑืกืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ ื›ืื™ืึธืœืขืก ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื ื–ืขืงืกื˜ืœ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื“ืขืจืœ ื˜'ื’ืขืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงืจืืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜, 
--- ื‘ื™ื ื™ืึธืžื™ืŸ! ืกืขืจื“ืฆืข! ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื”ื™ื™ื! 


ืื•ืŸ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื ืขืคืขืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข: 
ืื– ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืื™ื– ืงืฒึทืœืขื›ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืงืฒึทืœืขื›ื™ืง ื–ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 


ืืค ืž'ืขื˜ ืžื™ืจื˜ืฉืขื ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, 
ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืž'ืขื˜ ืžื™ืจื˜ืฉืขื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื•ื™ืง! 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื -- ื ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขื ืืงืขืจ, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืกืขื ื“ืขืจืœ ืกืึธืจืึธืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžื–ืขื˜, 

ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื™ ื ืคึผืจื™ืฉื˜ืฉ ืืฃ ื ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื–-ืื•ืŸ-ื ืืงืŸ 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ื™ืžื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขื–ืจืข ืจืขื“ื˜, 


ืฆืจ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืืฃ ื‘ืขื ืงืœืขืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™--- ืืฃ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข, 
ื 'ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืก ื ืคืขืจื˜ืœ ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ; 


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ืื™ื– ืจื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื -- ืฆืขืคืึธืจืขื ืข, ืฆืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืืคื™ืœืข ืฐืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจืงืœืขืžืขืŸ. 


ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื ื“ืขืจืข --- ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง. 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื, ืื– ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง; 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฐื•ึผืงืกื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืฆื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืง, 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืกื˜ื ืก ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜. 


ื ื•, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–, ื“ืขืจืฆืึธืจื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื˜, 

ื ื•, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื‘ืึธืกืขืจืฐืขื“ืึธืžืขื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืงืืก; 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืื ืึธืข, ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื˜'ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึธื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืงืืก ืืฃ ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืกืืจืงืื–ื. 


ืขืก ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืžืœื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“, 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื‘ืขื ืงื˜ ื ืึธืš ืงื ื™ื™ื˜ืฉื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ; 

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ืืœืข, 

ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉืคึผืฒึทืขื›ืฅ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื’ื™ืคื˜. 


ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื’ืจื™ื ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ, 
ืื™ื– ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ืขื“ืŸ ืืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืืฑืขืจ: 

--- ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜? ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึธืจืŸ! 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื™ืœื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืึธืคึผ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืืกืง ื–ืฒืฒึทื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืœืฅ ืคืืจืคื•ื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. 
ืื™ื– ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืกืึธื“: 

--- ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜? ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืจืึธืฉืข! 


ืื™ืš ื–ืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง. ืืŸ ืขืง. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข: 

-- ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš! ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฑืจืœ ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ -- ื ืื˜ ืืฒึทืš! 

ืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืœืฅ ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคืืจืงื ื™ืคึผื˜ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืืคืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืขื, 
ื•ื•ื™ ืก'ื”ืืœื˜ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ืžื•ื™ื“ ืคืืจืงื ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ ืคืืจืฉืขืžื˜ืŸ ื ืื“ืŸ... 


ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจืขืงื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื ,ืœืื ื“"ื™. ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึธืคึผ. ื ืคึผืึธืจืขืฉ. 
ืก'ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื ืฒื™ื’ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ืจืฒึทื–ืข... 

ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืขืจ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืขื–ืจืขืก ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืฉ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื ืกืขื ื“ืขืจืœ ืกืึธืจืึธืงืขืจ ืžื™ื“ืฑื™ืจืฒึทืกืึธ. 


ืกืึธืจืึธืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืื– ืก'ืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจ ื ืœืืกื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข, 
ื ืœืืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืืžื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ: 

--- ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืื™ื–? ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืกืŸ? 

ืื– ืฉืœืขืคึผืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฆื™ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื? 


ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ื’ืขืคืืœื“ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธืกื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜-- ื–ื™ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜. ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜-- ืขืจืฉื˜ ืฆื™ ืœืขืฆื˜; 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ืคึผืœืืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืœืึธืกื˜ืขืจ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื”ื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขื˜ืก! 


ื‘ืื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืŸ, 

ื–ื™ื™ ืงืœืขืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื, ื•ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืœืืกื˜ืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘; 

ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื– ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ืจ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืŸ, 
ืคืืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืœื™ื™! 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฅ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืœ, 
ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืจ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืก'ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ: 


ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืฐื™ ื ืจื™ืก ืืฃ ืื–ื ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืืจื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืืจื‘ืœืื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื ื’. ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ ื ื•ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ, 


-- ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆืึธืคื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื•ืก, 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ื ื™ืขืคึผืขืจื‘ืฑ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื ื™ืื’ืืจืข; 
ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ื™ืขืฐืจืึธืคึผืข --- ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืฉ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืึธืœืฅ.-- 
ืืœืฅ ืžื™ืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ, ืจืืง ืžื™ืจ --- ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื ืข ืคึผืจืึธืœืขื˜ืืจื™ืขืจ! 


ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืžืึธื–ืึธืœื™ืขื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืฆืขืงื ืึธื˜ืŸ, 
ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ. ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ; 

ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืืœืขืกืงืึธื˜ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืก'ืžืขืœืืžืขื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืœ, 


ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง, 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืงืœืขืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึฟืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืœื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืจืฒื™ื“; 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, 

ืื– ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜! 


ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ, 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ --- ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜; 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ื‘ืื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 

ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ, ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™... 


ื ื•, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื˜, 

ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืืœืข; 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืจื•ื™ื˜, 

ืื– ืื•ื™ืกืฉืžื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื ื’ืขืคืืจ ืคืืจืื ืขืŸ... 


ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ื‘ ืื™ื ืขื ืงืึธืžื–ืขื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš --- ืงืื-ืงืื; 

ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ื ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜: 

.-- ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืขืจ ืงื-ื-ืืžืฃ...* 


ื“ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื, 
ื“ืขืจืœืขืจื ื˜ ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืขืกื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืฐื™ื ื™ืง; 
ืื•ื•ืื“ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืขื–ืจืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜, 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืœืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜... 


ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืืœื™ืข, ื ืึธืจ ืืœืข ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ืคื™ืœื™ืค, 
ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ; 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜ ืœื™ื‘. 

ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ -- ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ... 


ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื’? ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืจื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจ ืื™ื, 

ืื– ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืจ'ื”ื™ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืœืขืจืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜; 
ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจืงืฒึทื˜, 

ืื– ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืงืกื˜ื ืก, ื ื•, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืžืขื˜ืฒ. 


ืื•ืŸ, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ 
ืื•ืŸ, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืึธืจื’ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืจื™ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื, --- 

ื ืึธืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, 

ืื– ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืกื˜ื ืก, ื ื•, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืฐื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืจื™ื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ. 


ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก.-- ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืŸ? 


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ื ืึธืจ ืก'ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜, 
ืคืืจ ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืŸ, ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข. 


ืขืจ ืžื•ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขืคืœื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ืš ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืข ื‘ืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ื ื‘ืœืึธื– ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ; 

ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ, 
ืขืก ืคืขืœื˜ ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื•ืžื•ื•ื™ืจื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื•ื•ืจืขื™. 


ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืคืœืื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืจ'ื”ื™ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื™ืœืข-ื ื•ื™ืคืœ 
ื ืคืืœ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืขืžืขืŸ: 

-- ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ. ืึธื˜! ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ, 

ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืฆืขืจื˜ืœื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ. 


ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืœืฒื™ื“ืŸ, ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืืœืŸ ืจืขืืœื™ื–ื, 
ืคืืจื’ืœืึธืฆื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื™ื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™-ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ, ืฐื•ื™ ืื–ื ืงืœื™ื–ืžืข, 
ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจื‘ื™ืงืข, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืขืœืข. 


ืก'ืคืืจื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜. ืคืืจืคืขืœื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืข ื”ื™ื™ื•ื•ืŸ. 
ืกืข ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก. ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ: 
ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืฐื•ื™ ื ื’ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืขื™ 
ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื, ืฆื™ ื™ืึธื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืŸ.. 


ืื™ื– ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ืฒื™ึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ -- ื“ื•ืจื›ื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข, ื˜ืจื™ื‘ืข, 

ื•ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœืขืš ืคืืจื”ืื ื’ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคึผื•ืฆื˜ืŸ ืืœืงืขืจ; 
--- ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื, ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืžื™ึทื ืข,. ืœืขืžืื ืืฉืขื, ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ, 
ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืžืคืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ืงืฒึทื˜: 


ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’; 

ืขืก ื“ื•ื›ื˜, ืื– ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืคืืจืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ืขืจ -- ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื ืึธืš ืคื•ื ืงื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš, ืื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืฆื™ื˜ืื˜ืข ืฉืจืขืงื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืœื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื™ 


ื 'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก, 

ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜; 
ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก, 
ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืืจืง. 


ืฆึถืจ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜... ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืข ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืขืจ! 
ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขื ืงืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืืžืขืจื˜ ืคืขืกื˜; 
ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื ืกืืš -- ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ืข, 

ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืžืœืขืš ืืฃ ืœืขื‘ื ืกืœืื ื’ืข ืงืขืกื˜. 


ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืื ืขืŸ! 

ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื -- 

ืื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืงืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคืืจืื ืขืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื. 


ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืฉืื›ื˜ืขืœืข ืงืึธื ืคืขืงื˜ืŸ 

ื ืฉืžืขืงื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืคืœืขืฉืขืœืข ืคืืจืคื•ื; 
ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืข ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืขืจื ืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืขืฉืœ ื™ืขื“ืขืจืŸ ื ืฉืžืขืง ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืœื‘ืึธื. 


ื ืึธืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื™ื– ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื–ืฉืืœืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. ืืžื˜ืœืขืš. 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜, ืื– ืก'ื˜ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึธืœืฉืขืฐื™ืง ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืœื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 


108 


ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš. ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืื™ืจ, 
ืื•ืŸ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื”ืืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฆื™ืง. 


ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืกืŸ, 
ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธื–ื˜ื™ื›ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ; 

ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืœืฅ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืฉืขืจืงืขืกืงืข ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืขื ื’ื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ. 


ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจืœืขืš. ืขืจืœืขืš ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื•ื ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึธื“, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืืœืข ืฐืึธืš, 

ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื ื ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืคืืจืื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืืจืึธืคึผ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื•ื™ ื ืงื™ืœืึธ. 


ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืง--ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคืืจืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข, 

ื“ื™ ืคืืจืข ืฆืขืจื˜ืœื˜ ืื™ื. ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืคืŸ ื”ืืงืŸ, ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฅ ืื™ื; 

ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš, ืื– ื•ื•ืขื“ืœื™ืง ื•ื™ ืืžืึธืœ ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข-- 
ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ... ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื‘ื ื... ื•ื•ื™ืฆืข... 


ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข 

ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจื’; 

ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื›ืžืืจืขืก ื‘ืจื™ึดืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืงืœืขืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืจื“, 


ื 'ืคื•ืŸ ืขื–ืจืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผ ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, 
ื ืฐื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ึผืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ืจืขืžื˜: 

ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืกืœืขืš ืึธืจืขืžืข ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื˜ืข -- ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขืžืก. 


ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืก, ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืขืœืข, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ืจื˜-ื”ื™ื™ื, 
ืืฃ ื”ืขืคืงืขืจ ืคึผืฒึทื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึถืœ; 

ื˜ืขื’, ืฐื™ ืคืขืจื“ ื•ื™ ืฆืขืคึผืึธืœืึธื›ืขื˜ืข, ืคืืจืคื™ืจื˜ืข, 

ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึธืœ. 


ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืจื™ืœืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืืจื™ื“ืŸ, 
ื’ืขื”ื™ืจื–ืฉืŸ ืคืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ; 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ืข ื‘ืฒึทื“ืœืขืš, ืžืขืจืง ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึธื“ืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื’ื ืก ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉืœืขื’ืŸ. 


ื’ืขืกืœืขืš ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ-ืฉื˜ื•ืžืข, 
ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง-ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข: 

ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืงื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืฉืข, ื’ืขื™ืืจืฉื ื˜ืข ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™ื“ืขืก. 


ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื•ื•ืขื’, ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืŸ, 

ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื•ื•ืฆืขื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืคืฉื˜ืื ื“ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืจืขื˜; 

-- ืื– ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืจ'ื”ื™ื™ื ืฆื• ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ? 

-- ืื– ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืฆื• ืคืืจืœื™ืจืŸ? 


ืจื–ืขื•ื™ ืชื™ื”ืจื“ืฉื•ืชื™ื™ื”ื–ืœื™ื”ืชื”ื”ืจื™ื”ื”ื“ ืจ 6 


ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืืœืคึผืขืจื• 


ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ-ื”ืื ืขืคืขืฉ 


1 


ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืกืข 
ื›ืืœื•ื™ืžืขืก; ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ื•ืืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ื›ืขืก. 
ื›ื•ืฅ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื“ืขืœื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื˜ืฉื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื™ืงืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืืงืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืืœืฅ ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืคืขืจืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืœืข ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ืื– ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ืก" 
ืœืื ื“ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’, ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืึธ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืข ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ื’ืืกืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืขื•ื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื ืงืืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ, ืืคืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืงืจื™ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืงืืจื’ืข 
ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœืงืฒึทื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืœื•ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ-ืคึผืืœืืฆืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืŸ ื’ืจืื ื™ื˜, ืคืขืกื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. 
ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืื™ืขืกื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ื™. ื’ืข" 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืขืก, ื“ืขื ืจื•ื™ึดืงืŸ ื’ืœืื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืื ืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืื ื™ื˜ืขื ืข ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืคึผืจืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจ --- ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื•ืžืคึผืŸ! -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ืฑื™ื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื“ื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื”ืขืจืฉืขืจื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืงืขืจืคึผืขืจื•ื ื’. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง -- ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืคึผืขืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ืขืจื ืขื ื”ื™ื˜ืœ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขื– ืฐื•ื™ ื ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ื ืึธืฐื•ื ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื 
ืื”ื™ื™ื ื ืึธืš ื ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ื•ืœื™ืื ืงืข. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก ;ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข". 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืื›ืฉืึธื•ื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืŸ-ืื™ืจ ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ 
ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื›ืืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื• ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืžืืกืงื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ ืžืื ื•ืคืืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืกื˜, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื ืื“ืŸ, ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืกื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 
ื’ื™ืœื“ื™ืข, ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ --ื ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืŸ, ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ, 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืฉื•ื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจ, ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจ 
ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฉืืจืคืŸ ื’ืขืžืึธืจืข-ืงืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืจืืงื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืกืึธื›ืจื™ืฉืŸ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ. ,/ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” 
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“"?1 ื ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ... ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœ ืคึผืืกื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืœืก ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืื–ื™ืง ืืฃ ื–ืื•ื•ืืœื ืข. 

ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืฆื•ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ, ืืจืึธืคึผืจืขื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. 
ื ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ 
ืขืจ, ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘, ืื™ื– ืืจืฒื™ื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 


' ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข ืื•ื’ืฐื•ึผืจืข ื‘ืขืžืึธืงืขื ืขื›ืึธื“ (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.). ืก'ืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืฒึทื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. 


10 ื™ื– 


ืคืึธืจื˜ ื ืกืืš ืืจื•ื, ื›ืืคึผื˜ ื’ื™ืš ืื•ืฃ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืข ื ืฒึทืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ืืฃ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคึผืจืฒึทื˜ื™ืง 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืืจื˜ื™ืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ืข ืฉึนื‚ืึธืš (ื‘ื ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึธืŸ ืื•ืคื”ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืคืงืขื˜), ื‘ื ื ืงื™ื‘ืขื“, 
ื‘ื ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ, 

ืื™ืฆื˜, ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื”ื™ื™ื, ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืคื•ื ืกื ืฒึท ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ื ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื ื•ืžืœื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื•ื ื“ืขืœืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ... ,ื–ื•ื ื“ืขืœืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ?" --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื–ืฉ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜. ;ื™ืึธ, ื™ืึธ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ ืฉื™ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ืจืื‘ื™ื ืขืจ-ืฉื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืื•ื•ื ืขืจ 
ื˜ืขืจืึธืจื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื ื–ื™ื™... ื‘ืื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืึธืจื“, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืฑื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ื•ื•ืืœื“-ื’ืื–ืœืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ ืžืขืจ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืฉืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื›ืขื˜. ื–ื•ื ื“ืข- 
ืœืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธื ืฉื˜ืขืœ, ืื– ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฑืกืฐืฒึทื›ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืขื˜, ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื-ืขืœ-ืคึผืึธื ืขื. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืขืืœ ืงืึธืจื›ืฑื™ 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ืคืืจืคื™ืจื˜ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก. ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ืฐืึธืก ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜? 
,ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืงืฒืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื”ื•ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื•ืžื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ". ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื 
ืžื™ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื’; ื”ื?" ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืืžืขืฉ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜: ,ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง, ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ืขืฉื™ืฐื•ืขื‘ืึธื›ืขืจื™ื!"---,ื™ืึธ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜...* -- ;ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก? ืžืื›ืŸ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืคืจืงื™ ืื‘ื•ืช?: 
ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืคื™ืจืงื™ื™ ืึธืฐืขืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื™ื™ืฉืขืจื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืจืืœ, ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืŸ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืขืก". 

ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื’ืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ื‘ืขืจื’ืŸ ื 
ื˜ืขืจืึธืจื™ืกื˜ ื ื”ื™ืฅ-ืงืึธืคึฟ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืึธืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืืจืงืึธื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืื˜ืึธืจ ืคื™ืจืฉื˜ 
ืงืจืึธืคึผืึธื˜ืงื™ืŸ, ืกืึธืœืึธืžืึธืŸ ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ื ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึธืจื™ืกื˜, ืื ืข ืจืึธื–ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงึดื™ืขื•ื•. ื ื‘ื™ืœื“-ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืงืจืื˜ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜. 
ืงืึธืžืื ื“ื™ืจืฉืข ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืึธืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš. 

ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ื’ืขืืจื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ื’ืขืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืคื• ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขึนืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ื”ืืจืฆืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืข, ื ื™ืขืฉื™ื•ื•ืข- 
ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ, ืืŸ ืื™ืœื•ื™, ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืจื™ืฉืข 
ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืกืงืึธืœืข. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜, ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจืก ืžื•ื™ืœ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. ื™ืึธ, ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ... ืื•ื™ืš ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืš ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ 
ืฉื™ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื ืขืจ-ืกืขืžื™ื ืืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ,ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืฒึทืกืข". ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืืจื ื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื.. ,/ืกืœืื•ื™ืื ืึธืคึผื™ืœ?! ืื‘ื™ 
ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืŸ 1876, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืก'ืื™ื– ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื‘ื™ืฉ-ื˜ืขืจืงื™ืฉืข ืžื™ืœ- 
ื›ืึทืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืคืจืฒึทืฐื™ืœื™ืงืข ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื‘ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืจืžื™ื™, ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ืื•ื•ืขืง ืืœืก ืคืจืฒึทืฐื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ืข ื›ืืกื™ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืœืื•ื•ื™ืื ืึธืคื™ืœื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื“ื™ื™. ืขืžืขืก, ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืœืขืงื˜, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ื“ื™ื™. ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืžืึธืœืขืŸ- 
ืกืงื™ืก ?ื”ืฉื—ืจ"?, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ,ื‘ืŸ-ื“ื•ื“". ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืคื•ืœืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ: ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืืฐื™ื“ืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืืฃ , ื‘ืขืŸ-ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“*, 

;ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ? ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ?--ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ.-- ืก'ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– 
ื“ืืคืงืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ึดืงืขืจืข, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฐื™ ืžืข ื’ึดื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜". ;ื ื™ืฉืงืึธืฉืข, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืืœื˜ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืง ื ื‘ืœื™ื ืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, -- ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธืžืขืœืข ืขืจื’ืขืฅ"ื•ื•ึผ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืŸ". ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืกืงืจืึธื‘ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืึธืจ- 
ื“ืึธื ืขืŸ. ื ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ? ื ืืจื™ืฉ- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ืฃ ืืฃ ื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืืคื™ืœืข ืื•ืžืกื™ืžืคึผืื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ. ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ 
ืขืจื™ ื“ืขืจ ื›ืืจื™ืคื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืืจื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฉืึธื“ื ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธื’ืจืึธื ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื›ื•ื-ื”ืืžื•ื™ืฉืขื•ื•... 


! ืคึทึผื™ืจืงึตื™ื™ ืึธืฐืขืก--ื ื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก:ื›ืึธื›ืžืข. 
: ื”ืืฉืื›ืืจ --,ืคืจื™ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ", ื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ืืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืŸ. 


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ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืงืึธืœืขื’ื™ืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ;ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืกืŸ 
ื”ืืจืฆื™ืง ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืืœืคืขืจืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 80:ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, ืืจื™ื›ืืก-ื™ืึธืžื™ื ืื•ืŸ 
ื ืฒึทืข ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ืŸ. 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืืฅ ื ืฒึทืขื ืงื™ื‘ืขื“. ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืขืคืืงื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืึธืงืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื–ื™ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. , ืคื•! -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ. -- ืึธื ื’ืขืจืฒื›ืขืจื˜ ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ืจ". ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืงื™ื‘ืขื“ ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื•ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื˜ืงืข. ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื’ืื ื’, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืึธืก ืื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืขืœืขืš, ื–ื™ืš ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืื‘ืขืกื“ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืฒึทืขืจืœ. 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ; ,ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืื‘ืขืกื“ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื›ื˜?! ืก'ืื™ื– ืคืืจืฉืฒึทื˜ืงืฒึทื˜!". ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื–ืฉ 
ืจื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ,. ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคื•ืฉืงืข ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืขืœืขืš, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืžืฆืึธืจืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืืŸ ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ. ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข" 
ืงืฐืึธืœืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ื“ืืžืข ืงื•ืงื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืืฃ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืžืืŸ ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื 
ืฉืื‘ืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืจื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ืžื™ืกื ืื’ื™ื“ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืืŸ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒืœื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืื‘ืขืกื“ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉื˜! ื 
ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข ื“ืขื˜ืืœ, ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืกื ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ. 

ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฒึทืขื ืงื™ื‘ืขื“, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: ;ืื™ืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžื™ืก- 
ื˜ืืžืข ืคืืจ ืขืžืขืกืข ื•ืฑื™ืœื ืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื–ื•ื™ืœืขืœ-ืฐืขืกื•ื™ื•ื•ืขื ื™ืงืขืก. ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ืฐืึธืก? ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืคึผืืกื™ืจื˜ ื ืžืฒึทืกืข: ื ื™ืขืฉื™ืฐืขื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืคืืจ ื 
ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื‘ืึธื‘ืขืก!" 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜. ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ึผ--ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืฒึทื’ื ื“ื™ืง, ื ืึธื›ืขื- 
ืื™ืกืขืจ -- ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืจื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ , ืงืึธืœื ื™ื“ืจืข". ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜: ืฐืึธืก ื™ืึธืžืงื™ืคึผืขืจ- 
ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜, ืืœืฅ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ื’ืจืึธื‘ื˜ ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืงืึธืœ- 
ื ื™ื“ืจืข" ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ,. ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืจืขื˜. 

ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืค- 
ืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืึธืš. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ึฟ ื’ืขืžื•ื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืฉืืจืคืข ืงืขืคึผ, ื“ื™ 
ื›ืืจื™ืคื ื™ืงืขืก, ืื– ืžืข ื’ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืึธืจ 
ืงืื˜ืึธืจื–ืฉื ื™ืงืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ. , ื ื•, ื™ืึธ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื•ื’ื™ื˜ืฉืงืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจื™-- 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืข ืžืฒึทืกืข: ืื– ื ื™ืขืฉื™ืฐื•ืขื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืืŸ ืืคึผื™ืงืฑืจืขืก, ืขืกื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ืฃ ื ื›ื™ื™" 
ืœืขื•ื•ืขื ืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ืœ". ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ึผืŸ: ?ืืœืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžื" 
ื ืขืŸ. ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜. ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฉื•ึนื™ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ โ€ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขืฐืขื–ืฉ ืฆื™ ื˜ืขืœื–ืฉ. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜. ื ืฉืืจืคืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคึผืฒึทืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืืžืขื ื˜. ื 
ื’ืœืขื ืฆื ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืœืืžื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขื“ื ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ืจืื‘ื™ื ืขืจ"ืฉื•ืœ, 
ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืœืข ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืืฐืขืง 
ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึธื›ื™ื, ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœื™ืกื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืžืื’ื™ื™ืคืข ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ.." 


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ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ืก ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ืžืืกืงื™ืœื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงื ื‘ืืจื“ืŸ ื ืœื™ื 
ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืืจ- 
ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜: ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœืข ืึนืฃ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืืจืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื ื˜ืฉื™ืงืื•ื•ืข ืžืฒึทืกืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื“ืขืจืฐืกื˜. 6ื™. 
ื‘ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ,ื”ืืžืช". ืขืจ, ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข- 
ืœื™ื™ื‘, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ืžืคืื˜ื™ืข ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ. ื“ืขื ืกืึธืฆื™ึทืืœื™ื–ื, ืฐืึธืก ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจืฒื“ื™ืงื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืงื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ื ืขื‘ืŸ"ื–ืืš, ืขึนืคึผืขืก ื ืžื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืงืจืขื ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืฒื™ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ื? ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืœืขื ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขึดื™ึดืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื™ืŸ, --- ืื•ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ 
ื“ืขื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ,-- ื ืึธืจ ืืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืคืŸ 
ื™ืขืฉื™ืฐื•ืขื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ ืืŸ ืืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืงืจืื˜ื™ื–ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืื™ื, ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ. ืื™ื– ืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื•ื™" 
ืฉืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืœ:ืขื ื‘ืœื•ืžืขืŸ, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคืืจืŸ ,ื”ืืžืช" ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ืฉืข ื‘ืขืŸ 
ืื•ื•ื•ื™ืข, ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทื“ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืืงืขื ืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืขืœื™ืฉืข ื‘ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ื•ื™ืขืŸ. ืฆื•ื ืื—ืจื“ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืฒื™ื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜: ืขืœื™ืฉืข ื‘ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ื•ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืขื ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข ื ื”ืืจื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืจืฒึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื–ืข ื’ืขื‘ืึธื˜ืŸ. ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคืืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื–ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ. ื“ืึธืก ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ, ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืžืจืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ, ืื– ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืึธืคึผื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’. ืœื™ืœื™ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ืฉืืจืคืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื“ืืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ืœื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš, ื•ื™ ,ืื—ืจ", ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข. ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ึผืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขืžืจืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ืžืื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืงื“ืึธืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ืœื™ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ืฐืึธืก ืขืœื™ืฉืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืœื•ื™- 
ืžืขืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื“ืืคืงืข ืื•ื ืฉืื‘ืขืก. ืื–ื•ื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ืœื™ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, 
ืคึผืืกื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืฐื™ ืงืื—ืจ", ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืฆื•ื•ืขืก. ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉืึธืงื™ืจื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืœื™- 
ืœื™ืขื ื‘ืœื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ ,ืื•ื ืฉืื‘ืขืก".. ืœื™ืœื™ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ 
ืœื™ื˜ื•ื•ืืงืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืืจื˜ื™ืง? 
ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ;ื”ืืžืช" ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 

ื ืื•ื ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืง ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืœืื›ื˜, ืื•ื™ืกื”ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข: 

-- ื ื• ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•? ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•? ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื“ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืขืคึผืึธื›ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคืืจืงืจื™ืคึผืœื˜ืข? ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ื“ืฒึทืŸ ,ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืืจื™ื•ืช"ืค. 

-- ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืืš, ืื™ืš... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืื ืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืŸ- 
ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืงืœืืžื™ืจืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก ืฉื•ืจืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. 


ื”ื•ืจื•ืš ื”ื” ืœื”ืœื•ืš ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, 

ื”ืกื’ืจ ื‘ื“ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืžื•ืช, 

ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื 

ื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืœื—ืœื•ื ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช. 

ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื ืก ืœื—ืš, ื ื‘ืงืข ืจื•ื—ืš, 

ื—ืžืจืžืจื• ืžืขื™ืš, ื™ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื—ืš, 

ืื‘ืงืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ื— ืžืœืื•ืš 

ื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ื˜ ื—ื™ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื’ื•ืš. 

(ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืคืืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฑืขืจืŸ, 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฑื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, 
ื–ืขืŸ ื›ืืœื•ื™ืžืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึธืœืขื, 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื–ืืคื˜, ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜, 


' ืื›ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ, ืื–ืฑื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ืžืืงืขืก ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืขืœื™ืฉืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธืคื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืข. 
? ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ ืืจืึธื™ื•ื™ืก (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.) -- ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ 


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ืคืืจื˜ื•ื ืงืœื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ื•ืืœ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจื™ืงื ื˜ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ื™ืขืš, 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜, ืฐื™ ื ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืžื•ืžื™ืข, 
ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก). 


ื“ืึธืก ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื• ืคืืจืžืื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื™ืœ ื’ืึธืจ- 
ื“ืึธื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื–ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืคืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืกืžืืงืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืฑื ื˜ 
ืคื•ื ืกื ื™ื™: ,, ืฆื™ ื“ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืขืก ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก!" 

ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขืงืœืืžื™ืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธื›ืขื-ืื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืึธืก ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื ืขื 
ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืกื™ื’ืืจ, ื–ื™ืš ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืื‘ืขืกื“ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื›ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื™ืขื ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืขืœืขืš, ืคืืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ: ,,ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืฒื™ื ืขืจ! ืืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืžืฒึทืกืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื ืคืืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ. ืก'ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜!? ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜. ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฐื™ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืืŸ ืื™ื– 
ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืšืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ: ?ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื" 
ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ":. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื• ืฉืื‘ืขืก 
ืื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜. ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ื˜ื™ืฉืขื‘ืึธื•ื•. ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜, 
ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืึธืคึผืœืฒื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืขืฉื•ื-ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคึผืฑืขืœืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ื™ืฉืข- 
ื‘ืึธื•ื• ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜-ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืข- 
ื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ. 

ื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืข ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ื’ืืกืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื–ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœ- 
ืงืฒึทื˜, ืื– ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืข ืงืืœืึธืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผื™ืจื˜ ื ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืข- 
ืฉืึธืžืข: ื’ื™ื™, ื˜ืจืขืฃ, ืฐื•ึผ ื‘ื ืื–ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืคืขื ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื’ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ืฒ 

ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืึธ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืจื™ื™ื ืข ืœื•ืคื˜ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื™ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืฐืขืจืŸ ืคึผืขืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืงืขืจืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืืฃ ื˜ืจืึธื™ึดืฆืงื™-ืคึผืจืึธืกืคึผืขืงื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜. ืคื•ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืจืข ืืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืง. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื 
ืงืืœื˜ืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืฒึทื‘: ืืœืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืจืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืœืึธืžืคึผื™ืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜, ืฐื™ ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฑ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ืจืึธื–ืฉืงืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืื™ื– 
ืงืจืื ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ. ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื˜. ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ,ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ" ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขื›ืฑื™ 
ื’ืœื™ืฒึทืš ื•ื™ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื‘ืจื•ื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื: 
,ื‘ืืจื™ืŸ, ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ื– ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒื™", 

ืžืึธื“ื ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืื‘ื™ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงืจืื ืง. ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒ-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื ืžื™ืกืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ. ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜, ื“ืขื 
ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคื™ืฆื™ึดึถืขืœืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ื“ืขื ืœืึธื™ืืœืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ"- 
ื˜ืืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืžื™ืกืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื’ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸื™ 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืžืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืžืืŸ ืฆืขืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข: ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืกื˜ืื•ื•, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ;ืึธืงืึธืœืึธื“ืึธื˜ืฉื ืข", 
ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืฐืึธืจื ื™ืง, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ื•ื›ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜, ืืคึผืึธื ืขื, ื–ื™ืš ืึธืงืึธืจืฉื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ. 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™, ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืกื˜ืื•ื• 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื ืจืึธื™ืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื˜ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืกื˜ืื•ื• ืื™ื ื‘ืืงื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืก ืื•ึผืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก? ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ืืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ื•ื›ื•ื ื’. 

--- ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ? ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ? ืฐื•ื™ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš? 


! ;ืื’ื•ื“ืื˜ ื”ืืกืึทึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืึธื™ืฐืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.)--ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ. 


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ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืกื˜ืื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืขืจื˜, ื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืžืืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื“ืข ืฆื• 

ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืื–ื ืคืจืื’ืข. 
| ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืื’ืข. ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืœ, ืฐืึธืก 

ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ื™ืึธืจ 8---9. ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืฐืึธืจื ื™ืง, ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืื•ืขืง, ืžื™ื˜ื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ืคืึธ- 
ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืฒึทื ืœืขืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜, ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืžืข 
ื–ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ-ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืข ื•ืžืขืŸ. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื˜ืึธืขืก, ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืกืืš. 

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข"ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ืขื ืคึผืขืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ื˜ืขืจื ืขื ื”ื™ื˜ืœ, 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื›ืื–ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืื’ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืกื˜ืื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ -ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคึผืืคื™ืจืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜; /ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ืœืขื•ื• ืึธืกื™ืคึผืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื‘ืขืœื•ื’ื™ื ืก ื”ื•ื™ื– ืืฃ ื˜ืจืึธื™ึดืฆืงื™-ืคึผืจืึธืกืคึผืขืงื˜, ื ื•" 
ืžืขืจ 10*. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืœืฅ, ื“ืึธืก 
ื”ื™ื˜ืœ, ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ื™ืฉ, ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืคึผืœืึธื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืŸ 
ืžืื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืŸ, ืงืึธืจืขืกืคึผืึทื ื“ืขื ืฅ, 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ื•ื›ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื– 5 ืื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืคึฟืืจื˜ืึธื’. ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืœืข ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืŸ, 
ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืข ืงืึธืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ื“ืขื ืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืื™ื ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจ 25 ื™ืึธืจ, ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ- 
ื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ---ืื™ื, ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื“ืจืึธื–ืฉืงืขืก. 

-- ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ? -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ื ืคืืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจื™ืกื˜ืื•ื•. 

-- ืื™ืŸ ,ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข". 

ื“ื™ ,ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข", ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ,ืœื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืœืึธืก* (ืœื™ื˜ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื–ืืžืึธืง), 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื•ืจืžืข. 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึธื–ืฉืงืขืก. ื“ื™ ื–ืขืง ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืจืึธื–ืฉืงืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 25 ืžืืจื˜ 1879. ืฆื•ื ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ืคืจืขืกื˜ืœ. ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉืืจืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืขื ืขืจ. 


2 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืื ืฆืขืœื™ืืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขืš. ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื–ื™ืŸ, ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ื™ืื ื™ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื”ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ: ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข, ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืคืึธื˜ืขืจื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืก-ื™ืึธืจ 
ืื•ืŸ -- ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืืžืขืจืŸ ---ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก, ืžืื ืฆื‘ืœืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ื™ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ืข ื˜ืจืขืคึผ. 

ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืืคืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืง. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื›ืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืืžืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉืœืึธืกืŸ. 

ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข... 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ, ืฐื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึท-ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข. 

ื“ื™ ืงืืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข. ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜ ื ื ืืจืข, ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ---ื ืคืืจื’ืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืื‘ื•ืจืขื˜ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ -- ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืขื‘ืขืจ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ืคึผืขืฉ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœืงืืžืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื•ื™ื›ืขืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ืื”ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื“ืึธ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 
ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, ื“ื™ ื™ืขื ื™ืงืข, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื“ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’. 

--- ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ? 

-= ื ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื’. 

ื ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื’! ื ืฉื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืœ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก-ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ื“ืขืžืึธื ืกื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ืคึผืจืึธืงืœืืžืืฆื™ืข... ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื 


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ืื™ื, ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ? ืืฃ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ื–ืขืง ืงืึธืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ื“ืขื ืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืฐื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืจืขื“ื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืกืื•ื•ื™ืื“ืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™- 
ื‘ืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ืข, ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข. 

ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืขืคืœืขืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืืจืข ื“ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ, ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ 
ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื“ืœืึธื’ืข. ืื™ื ืฆื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื•ืืœื“ื™ืง ื ื›ืืคึผ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื ืฒึท-ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขื, ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคึผืขืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืœ, ืื–ื•ื™ ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืืจืข ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืืคืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ, ื“ืขื 16-ื™ืึธืจื™ืงืŸ ื’ื™ืžื ืื–ื™ืกื˜. ืึธื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืืจืข, 
ื ืคืืจืœืึธืจืขื ืขืจ, ื ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงืึธืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืกื™ืขื˜ ืืคืŸ ืื™ืคึผืขืฉื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืฉืขื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ 
ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ. 

-- ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ,--- ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™? ืฆื• ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ -- ื˜ื•. ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• 
ื“ืืจืคืกื˜, : 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืจืš ืฐื™ ื ืฉืคึผื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง: ืขืจื’ืขืฅ-ืฐื•ื•ึผ, ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื˜ ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ, 
ืื™ื ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืงืึธืฉืžืืจืคื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ 
ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืข, ื ืื“ื™ืข... ื ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื–, ืขืจ ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜, ื“ืขืจ 
ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

ืื– ืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆื•-ื–ื™ืš, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืงืœืขืจืŸ: ืžืื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขื–ืจื™? (ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืฐืฆื˜ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ?) 

ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื‘ื™ื“ื ืขืจ ื™ืึธืกืขื. ืก'ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืื‘ืจืื, ืืŸ ืื“ืฐืึธืงืื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื”ื™ืฅ-ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืึธืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ. ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ืขืจื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ. ืžืืงืกื™ื 
ืงืืคึผืœืืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ืืŸ ืื“ืฐืึธืงืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ืข. ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืœืึธื–ืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ. ืื•ืŸ -- ื•ื•ืขืืœ ืงื•ืœืึธื -- ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ, ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ. ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ. ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื›ืึธืฉืขืฐื•ืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ึทื ืคืœื•ืกืจืฒึทื›ืกื˜ืข ื™ื™ึธื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ืฐื™ 
ื‘ืืจืึธืŸ ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’, ืœืขืึธืŸ ืจืึธื–ืขื ื˜ืืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš. ืืœืข ื‘ืืฆื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืข- 
ื˜ืืจ, ื“ืขื ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ืžืขืฉื•ื™ืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ, ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืึธืคืŸ ืืœืข 
ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืข ืงืื ืฆืขืœื™ืืจื™ืฉืข ืกืคืขืจืŸ, ืื•ึผืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข. ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื•ื’ 
ื˜ื™ืง, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืืš ื–ื™ืš ื ืจื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื–ืึธืœ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืงืจืขื ืงื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ. ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืืจื˜ืขืจ ื ืื“ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืข 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’. ื ืึธืจ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ื ื–ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”:: ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื ืงืœืขื›ืข ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜.. 

ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ืจืžืข-ื–ื•ืคึผ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืงืจื™ื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื ืึธืจ 
ืคึฟื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ืฐื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืืจื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืœืขืคืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืื ืฅ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื™ื‘ืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื ื“ืœืขืš. ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง, ืื•ื™ืš ื ืคืืจืœืึธืจืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’. 

ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืข. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืืจืข, ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ-- ืฆื•ืคื•ืกื ืก, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืจื™ืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืื›ืฉืึธืฐืขืก. ืฉื•ื•ืข" 
ืจืข ื•ื™ ืžื™ืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผื™ 

ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืึธืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ื“ืขื ืฅ... ืคืืจืŸ ืงื™ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืข" 
ื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืืŸ ืื•ืžืึธืคึผืฉืืฆื‘ืืจืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ, 
ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ --ื ืงื•ื•ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขืกื•ืจื™ื. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืคืก ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืฃ ืฆื• ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจืงืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืืฃ ืฆื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ, ื“ืืจืฃ 
ืžืขืŸ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ. ื“ืืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธื ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. 
ื‘ืจืืคืžืื ืขืŸ? ืจืืฉืงืขืกืŸ! ื‘ืจืืคืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืžืขืฉื•ืžืขื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข. ืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืืจ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืึธืงื™ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“, ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ;ื•ื•ื™ืœืขื ืกืงื™ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื ื™ืง" ืคึผืืกืงื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืžื•ื ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืืžืขืจืืฆืขืก ืคืืจืžืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ืฐืœื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื›ืœ ,ืงืื’ืืœ". 
ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ืคืืจื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื–ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ื”ื™ืžืœ ืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืจืืฉืงืขืก -- ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืกื˜ืื ื ืคึผืืกืงื•ื“ื ื™ืืง. ื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœื™ืกื˜ืœ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ืืงืฆื™ืขืก, ืฐื™ ื ืงืขืœืขื•ื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกืžื™ื˜ื ื™ืงืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ 


! ื’ืื ื–ื• ืœืขื˜ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.) -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืฑื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ. 


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ื ึธืึธืš ื ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืœ, ื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืคื™ืกืœืขืš, ื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืึธื ืึธื•ื•, 
ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ืฉืืœืกื˜ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ? ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืจื’ืขืจ, 

ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืืจืฑืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื’- 
ืฆื•ึผื•ื•ืืฉืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™- 
ืงืขืจ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ. ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉืœืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืข ื ืขื›ื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืคึผ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืคึผืึธืœื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืขืžื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืฑืจืœ, 
ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื™ ืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ืื™ื, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืจืคึผืจื™ื–ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื-ืขืœ- 
ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืžื™ื˜... ืฉื ื™ื˜ืงืขืŸ. ืฉื ื™ื˜ืงืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืฉืืžืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื“ืข-ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื˜ืืžืขื•ื•ืื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ืœืขื•ื•ืื˜ืขืจ. ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืœืข, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืกืคึผืจืืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืœืก 
ืงื•ืจื™ืขืจ. ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืข, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• 
ืืคืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื ืขืจืŸ-ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืึทื”ืขืจ... 
;ืื•ื™ืš ื ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกื”ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง 
ืฉื ื™ื˜ืงืขืŸ, --ืื– ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืึธืฉืœื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืฅ". 

ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ 
ืึธื ืฆื•ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืื ืฆืขืœื™ืืจื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ,ืคึผืจืึธืฉืขื ื™ืข" ืืคืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜-ื ืื˜ืฉืืœื ื™ืง ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ ื–ื•ืจืึธื•ื•, ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• 
ืฆื•ื ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื ืึธืš ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืฆื•ื ืงืืึธื ืขื ืจืื‘ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ื™'ืจ ื“ืจืื‘ืงื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ 
ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืื ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจืื‘ื™ื ืขืจ, ืื– ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืคึผื™ื™ืกืขืš, 
ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืจืื‘ื™ื ืขืจ, ืคึผืฑืขืœืŸ, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืฉืขืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื™ื™ืกืขื- 
ื“ื™ืงืก ืขืกืŸ ืคืืจ ืคื™ืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข. (ืฐื™ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืจืื‘ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื™ืกืขืš ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื›ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืš. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืกืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืืจืขืกื˜ืื ื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจ. ืก'ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื”ื™ืคึผืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžืืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง. ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ื™ืึธืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืคื“ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืš ื ,ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื" ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜: ืขืจ ืึดื™ื– ืžืืจืง ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข, ืืŸ ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืึธืขืŸ, 
ืจืขื‘ ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืึธืฐื• ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื“ืขึนื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš. ืืฒึทืขืจืขืจื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืŸ. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื™ืขืœืขื ืข ืงื•ื™- 
ืจืื ืกืงืข, ื ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขื ืžืืงืกื™ื ืงืืคึผืœืืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขืœืขื ืข ืงื•ื™ืจืื ืกืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืื™ื™ื“ืขืžืก ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืžืึธื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืืจืฉื•ื™ืŸ: ืงื•ืจืฅ ื’ืขืฉืึธืจืขื ืข ื”ืึธืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืคื- 
ืคึผื™ืจืึธืกืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ื ื›ื•ืฆืคึผืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ -- ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืฉืžื•ืข- 
ืกืขืจ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ, ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืฐื™ ืขืคืขืก 
ืขื ื“ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืงืก, ืฐืึธืก ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฆืฐืฒื™ืคึฟืœืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืคื“ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืกื•ื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ 
ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ืžืืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ืœื™ืฅ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง; ืื– ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืš ื ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ , ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข". 

ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืžืขืจ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจืžืกืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ื 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: ;ืึธืกื™ืคึผ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ! ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืฒึท!" ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจื: ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืื“ื™ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืจื•? ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข ืฉื˜ื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ; 

-- ื“ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, 

ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืงืœืืคึผื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื™ืคืฆื˜: ืขืคึผืขืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืจื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ,ืฐืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ืก ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ* (ืกื˜ืจืืกื˜ื ืื™ื ื ืขื“ืขืœื™ื), 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืกื™ืื ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ ,ืฐืึธืš* 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืฅ ืื•ืคืงืœืขืจืŸ. 

ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื ื’ ืžืขืงื•ึผื™ืขื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื ืืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื•ืฃ ืืฃ 
ื ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ื’ืืก ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ื’ืื ืฅ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“. 


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ื“ืขื 2-ื˜ืŸ ืืคึผืจืขืœ, 10 ืื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ืกืึธืœืึธืฐื™ืึธื•ื• ื’ืขืฉืึธืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฉืึธ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืงืฑื™ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ, ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื’ื–ืื’ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื˜ืขื - 
ื˜ืื˜ืœืขืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข ืคืืจืคืœื™ื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืŸ- 
ืžืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 

ื˜ืขื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืึธื ืึธื˜ืึธื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื ื“ื™ืง-ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข. ื“ื™ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผื˜ืจื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืง ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืจื™ื“ืึธืจ. ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื , ืงืœื•ื‘", ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืง ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ืืžืคึผืขืจื˜, ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืขื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจืžืขืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืื˜ืึธืจื–ืฉื ื™ืง. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ึฐืึธ ื ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฐืฒึทืœื™ืงืขืจ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคืงืœืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ. 

ื ืึธืจ ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ืคืจืื–ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืš. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืืจื•ืž- 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžืึธืก ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื’ืขื“ืื - 
ืงืขืŸ. ื ืึธืš ืคืืจ ืงืืจืืงืึธื–ืึธื•ื•ืก ืฉืึธืกืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ ืงื•ืจืก ืืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก, 
ื ืึธืš ืกืึธืœืึธืฐื™ืึธื•ื•ืก ืฉืึธืกืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื•ืจืก ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืคืืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืกืข ื”ืึธ- 
ืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืืกืงื™ืœื™ื, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ, 
ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ื ืขืŸ. ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื”ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื–ืขืฆืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืคืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืœื™ืกืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง 
ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ื™ืงืŸ. 

ืœืื ื’ื–ืื ืงืึธื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืœืจื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ ืงืขืกืœ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืงืขื›ืฅ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืืœื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืื ืื•ืค- 
ื–ื™ื“ืŸ. ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ืจืžืข ืœื•ื˜ ื ืžื™ืกืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ, ื ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืš ื ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื™ืงื–ืืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืึธ ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืืคืงืข ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืคืœื™ื’ืœื˜ 
ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ: ื‘ืื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื”ืขืจืฉืืคื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข 
ื“ืจืึธื›ื™ื, ื ืึธืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทื˜-ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืขืง ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื 
ื ืขืฉืึธืžืขื“ื™ืง ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืข ืงืืœื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธืงืจืื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืœืก ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’. 


ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ืฐืึธืš ื ืึธืš ืกืึธืœืึธืฐื™ืึธื•ื•ืก ืฉืึธืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข. ื“ืขื 25-ื˜ืŸ ืืคึผืจืขืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจ- 
ืฉืขืจ. 

ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืกื˜ืขืจืขืึธื˜ื™ืคึผ-ืคืจืื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑืกืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜: 

-- ืžืืจืง ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ? 

--- ื ื™ื™ืŸ, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘. ืืฃ ืืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, --- ืื™ืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืืฆื™ืข, ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื–ื•ื™. 

--- ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืืฆื™ืข, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ-ื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืืฑื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ. --- ื™ืขืœืขื ืข ืงื•ื™ืจืื ืกืงืข ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ? 

--- ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, 

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ-ื’ื™ืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœืึธื’ื˜ืŸ. 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื– ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜: 

--- ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš? 

--- ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. 

--- ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ? ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™? 

-- ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืฒึท. ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ., 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืฑื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืืคึผืงืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ: 
,ื“ืขืœืึธ ื•ื•ื™ืœืขื ืกืงื™ืš ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืึธื•ื•" (ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก). ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜. 

ื ืึธืš ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืืคืืจื”ืขืจ" ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื’. 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ืขื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 


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ืก'ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื ืื“ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธืกื™ืคึผ. ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืข. ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืื˜ืข 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜, ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ืฆืขืก, ืฐื™ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ,ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ,-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื - 
ื“ืขืจ, -- ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืฐืึธืจื ื™ืง", 

ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข. 

ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืขื•ื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืื‘ืจืื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขื 
ืžืืงืกื™ื. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืกื˜ืืจืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื–ืขืŸ ืžื•ื ื˜ืขืจ. 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืข. ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ: ืคืืจืฉื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืœืึธื ืขืฆืงืขืจ 
ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข. 

-- ืก'ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืืฃ ื“ืจืฒึท ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒึทืœื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžืืงืกื™ื. ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื’ืŸ. ื ืคืืจืฉื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆืึธืคืŸ-ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข 
ื’ื™ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืจื™ ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื, 

ื“ืืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ืจื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืืœืข 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื‘ืืžื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื“ืฐืึธืงืื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’. ืงืœืึธืจ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืžืขืกื™ืจืข. ืื•ืŸ ืžืืฉืžืึธืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืกื™ืจืข ื ืึธืš ื‘ืืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืžืื˜ื ืขืก-ื™ืื“. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื™ืงืขืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ! ืžื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืŸ!--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ื™ืฆื˜ ืื‘ืจืื. 

-- ืžื™ืจืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืš! ื“ื• 
ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื–ืขืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืืจื•ื ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžืื›ืŸ ื ืงื•ื™ืกืข ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืข:. 

ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื˜ืจืฑื™ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืฆืข- 
ืงื•ืฉื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜, -- ืืœืข ืžื™ื™ืกื™ื ืฐืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืื ืฆืขืœื™ืืจื™ืข. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™. ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืงืœืขืžื˜ ื“ืึธืก 
ื”ืืจืฅ: ื ืคืืจืขืœื˜ืขืจื˜ืข, ื ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆื˜ืข, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืคืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืื•ืคื’ืขืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืœืืกืข ืœื™ืคืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืฉืขืคึผื˜ืฉืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืฃ 

-- ืื‘ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ... ืื‘ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ... ืœื™ื™ื‘ืขืœืข, ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 


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ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื–ืืฐืึธื“ืกืง. ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื›ื˜ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื˜ื•ืžืœื“ื™ืงืข, 
ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืคื•ืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืฐืึธื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ-ืึธืคื™ืฆืขืจ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ืฆื•ื ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจื, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืจืขื ืงืœืขื›ืข ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืงื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืจืงื˜. 

ื“ื™ ืคื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืข, ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉืข, ืึธืŸ ืจืขืกืึธืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ื’--ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื 
ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคืฒึทืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ื™ืึธืจืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœืฉื˜ืื ื“, ื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืืจืขืจ ืฉืขืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืจืฒึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผ: ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืงืœืขืจื˜, ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืื ืฅ-ืคึผืขืจื™ึดืึธื“ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ. 

ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื“, ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ-ืึธืคึผื™ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื™ื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืื•ื•ื ืขืจ. ื’ืึธืจ- 
ื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืžืขื–: ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ ื ืžืื˜ื‘ื™ื™ืข. ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื”ื™ื™. ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืืš, ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขื“ืจืขืžืœื˜. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑื™ื’. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ --- ืฉื˜ืึธืง-ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜--- ืงืืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืืก. 

ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืขืœื‘ื•ืจื’. ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 

ืคึผืืจืึธื›ืึธื“ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืื“ืึธื–ืฉืกืงืขืจ ืึธื–ืขืจืข. 


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ื ืึธืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืึธ. ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื™ืš-:ืฐืึธืงื–ืืœื›ืœ, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืืจืึธื›ืึธื“. ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ 
;ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜" ื”ืึธื‘ื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจืžืขืŸ. 

ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื–ืขืจืข, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฐื™ ื ื™ืื, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืฉืฐืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทืขื ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ื“ื™ 
ื•ื•ืืกืขืจืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™-ื‘ืœืฒึทืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจืึธื›ืึธื“ -ืจืขื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืคื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืžืขื˜ื ืข ื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืืš. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจืึธ- 
ื›ืึธื“ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฐื•ืขื’ืœืึธื–, ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืืฃ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืœืฒึทื™ึดืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ืžืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผื•ืกื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ืžืขื•ื•ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธ- 
ืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืกืœืึธื– ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืขืฉื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื™ืึธืžืขืจื˜. ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ืื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™! ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ? ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก, ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ? 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจืึธื›ืึธื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื–ืขืจืข ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื 
70-- 80 ืฐืึธืจืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื. ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืžืขืกืœืขืก. ืฆื•ื ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฃ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื ื’ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื–ืœ. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืข ื›ืื˜ืขืก, ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ื˜ื•ืœื™ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึธื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื ืขืฆืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืกื˜ืืจื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืฆื•ื 
ื”ื™ืžืœ. 

ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืฆืึธืคื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธ- 
ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฒื ืงืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. 

ืื™ื ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืฑืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืื " 
ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืจืขืฉืงืึธื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืคืข ืœืึธื“ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ื ืคืขืจื“ ืืคืŸ 
ื‘ืจืขื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื-ืืจื•ืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืš. ื“ืึธืก ืคืขืจื“ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืœืขืคึผื˜, ื’ืฆึท- 
ืคืึธื›ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืง, ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคืœื™ื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื“ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืขื–ืฉืกืงืขืจ ืึธื–ืขืจืข. ืคื•ื " 
ื“ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืืจืึธื›ืึธื“ -- ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืขืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ, 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืืงืฉื ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ื ืคื•ืจ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ื™ืš. 
ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™, ื ืึธืจ ื™ืขื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ื" 
ืจื•ื™ึดืงื˜: , ืœื™ื™ื‘ืขืœืข, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ื• ื ื™ื˜? ืื– ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืืจืึธื›ืึธื“, ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืฒึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืืจื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ืื™ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืจืŸ, ืื™ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื“, ืื™ ื•ื™ื™ืก-ืื™ืš-ืฐืึธืก". ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืคืืจื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ: ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข" 
ืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ืกื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ื‘ืื ื•ืžืขืฃ 

ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื–ืืฐืึธื“ืกืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจืขืกื˜ืื ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆึท- 
ืžื™ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืข ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืข, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื™ืงื•ื ื’ืก-ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื–ืืฐืึธื“ืกืง, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืคึผื•ื“ืึธื–ืฉ, ื”ืขื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ื™ืข. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงืœืืคึผ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ, ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืžืฒืกื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ื™" 
ื›ืœืืœ ื ื”ืขืคืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉืฐื™ื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš: ืก'ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืก ืžืื›ืŸ. 

--- ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืงืจืื ืง, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. -- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžืื˜ืขืจื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขื–ื™ 

-- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ืจืฅ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืžื™ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืœื™ืืง, ืื•ื™ืš ื ืคืืจืฉื™ืงื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื " 
ื“ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ืข. ืœืขืคึผืึธื ืขื-ืฐืขื’ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืข" 
ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืกืคึผืจืื•ื•ืงืข. 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ,ืžืขื‘ืœื™ืจื˜ืข ืฆื™ืžืขืจืŸ", ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจ" 
ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืขื˜ืขืžื˜: ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื ืฉื˜ื•ืœ, ื ื‘ืขื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœืฑื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื 
ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืื ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ -- ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืคึฟืจืขื’ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฒื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ: ;ืฉืื‘ืขืก ืคืึธืจืŸ ื ืื“ื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืื›ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืจืึธื–ืืฐืึธื“ืกืง. ืคืืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื•ื˜, ื’ืึธื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืœืื’ืข 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ. ืืœืข ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜". 

ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื’ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืืžืข. ืคืึธืจื˜ ื ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืงืขืจ ืคืึธื“ืขื! . 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื. ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ: ื“ืขืจ ืืคึผื™ืงืฑืจืขืก 
ืื‘ืจืื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜. ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒื™ื˜ืŸ? ืื™ื– ืขืก ืืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ, ืื– ืžืข ื˜ื•ื˜, 
ืžืข ื›ืœืึธืคึผืึธื˜ืฉืขื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’? ืึธื“ืขืจ ืก'ืื™ื– ืกื˜ืื ื ืกื˜ืื ื“ืืจื˜ืขืจ 


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ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง? ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ ื ืื“ื™ืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ? ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื“ืึธื–ืฉ? 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆืŸ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ *ื“ืขื‘ืืจืงืื“ืขืจ" ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฆืืžื˜ ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืก'ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•- 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืคืœืขืš. ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทืกืขืจ ืคืืจืึธื›ืึธื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ, 

ื ืื“ื™ืขืก ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืžืึธื’ืขืจ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™"ื’ืขืœืข ืงืจื™ื™ื–ืŸ. 
ืฆื•ืคืืœื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜. ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืขืจื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื ืกืืš ืคึผืขืงืœืขืš. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื ืขืก ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, 

ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืื“ื™ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• 
ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืงืกื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื‘ืจืืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื“ืฐืึธืงืื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืกืึธืคืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ ื“ืขืจื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืคื™ืจืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืงืœืึธืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืžืขืกื™ืจืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืžืขืกื™ืจืข ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื‘ืืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืขื˜ืŸ ืžืื˜ืืŸ-ื™ืื“. ืžืข ื‘ืืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ 
ืื™ื: ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก--ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืขืก ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ-ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืŸ; ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก-- 
ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ื‘ืืจืึธืŸ ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’ืก ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ึนืœื™ื‘ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืคืืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืื’ืื ื“ืข; ื“ืจื™ื˜ื ืก--ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื›ืื‘ืืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืึธื”ื™ืœืขืฐืขืจ ืจืึธื•, ืžืข 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ืจืึธื• ืคืขืจื˜ื ืก--- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ: ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืคื˜ื ืก -- ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืจืง ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ. 

ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืขืจืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื‘ื•ืœื™ื! ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืขืจื’ืŸ! 

ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืขืจื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืกืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื”ื™ืœืข, ืืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขืจ ื’ื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื ื’ืจืึธื‘ืขืจ- 
ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืืžืึธืจืขืฅ. ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื–ืจืขืš-ื•ื•ืื ื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืึธืŸ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื“ืืคืงืข ืขืจ, ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืขืจื’, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ื•ื™ื˜, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื”ื™ืœืขืฐื•ืขืจ ืจืึธื• ื“ืขื ื›ืืกื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืื ืื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™- 
ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืจืึธื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ืคื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื•ื™ ื‘ืืจืึธืŸ ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’, ืœืขืึธืŸ ืจืึธื–ืขื ื˜ืืœ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขื’ื ืขืจ. 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฆื•ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ืืœื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข: ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกื ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื’ืก ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืข- 
ืฐื•ืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข, ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืœืื ื“, ื ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืจืง ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ -- ืืœืฅ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืื›ื˜ื•ื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื™ื–ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื ืึธืš ืืžืขืจืืฆื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 

ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืฒึทืกืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืคึผื•ึนื ืงื˜. ืขืžืขืก, ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื - 
ื“ื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ ?ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืคื™ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื"!. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืง- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืื™ื–ื“ ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขึนืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ, 

ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. 

ื™ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ?ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืื ื’". ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ึนื™ืจืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื”ืขืจืžืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืจื’ืคื•ึนืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืฒื“ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ื 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืžืึธืจืืœ, ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืข ืจื™ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ึดืขื–ืข ื“ื™ื ื™ื, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืข, ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืฑื’ืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืึธืกื˜ืขื ืข ื‘ื™ื– 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ื™ื. ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื‘ืœืึธื– ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืคืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืขืกื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื•ื™ื–. ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ืขืฉื™ื•ื•- 
ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจื™ื, ืžืืกืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืื™ืœื•ื™-ืงืขืคึผ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฉืขื“ื ืข ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›- 
ืงืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทืฉื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื• 


ื”ืงื™ืฆื™ ืขืžื™! ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืฉื ื”? 
ื”ืŸ ื’ื– ื”ืœื™ืœ, ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืื™ืจื”, 
ื”ืงื™ืฆื”, ืฉื ืขื™ื ื™ืš ืื ื” ื•ืื ื” 
ื•ื–ืžื ืš ื•ืžืงื•ืžืš ืื ื ื”ื›ื™ืจื”. 


(ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืš, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง! ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’ ืฐืขืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ! 
ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ืฃ, 


' , ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข ืžืขืคื™ืฆื™ื™ ื”ืืกืงืึธืœืึธ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื" (ื”ืขื‘ืจ) -- ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ึทื“ืŸ. 


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ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืš, ื˜ื• ืื•ืฃ ื“ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื˜). 


ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ื›ืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™- 
ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ,ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ืื›ื˜ืข", ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ื“ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืข ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื 
ื ืฒึทืขื ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืžื™ืฆืื“ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ. ืื™ื™ื ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืกื›ื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™- 
ืฆื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ืจื™ืกืคึผืจื•ื“ืขื ืฅ, ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ืจืฒึทืš ืคึผืจืืงื˜ื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืืœืก ื“ืึธืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื“ืฐืึธืงืื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธ- 
ื–ื™ืงืข ืงืื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ- 
ื ื™ืฉ, ืึธืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืคืœืื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’, ืฆื•ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืœื˜-ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. : 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžืข ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื–ืขื˜ื‘ืืจืŸ ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžืงืœืึธืจืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืืคืŸ ืžื™ื–ื‘ื™ื™ืขืš ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืฉืขืง ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืขืก, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืคืืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื•ืœืฐืขืจ. 

ืขืก ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ. 

ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข. ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜. ืคืจื™ืฉืข ื‘ืืงืŸ. ืฐืึธืก 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืœืžืขืกืขืจ, ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืงืŸ ื˜ืžื™ืžืขืกื“ื™ืง-ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ื - 
ื“ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืฉืคึผืขืœื˜ืขืœืข ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืจืืœื›ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืกืงืึธืœืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืืจื‘ืœืขื ื“ื˜, ื‘ืืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจื˜. ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ ืฆื• ื’ืขื ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืกืงืึธืœืข,. ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืžื‘ืืคืœืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข. ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ: 
ืื™ื ืขื ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืžื™ืžืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืึธืคื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื˜ืจืึธืฆื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฉืคึผืึธื˜. ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกื˜ื™- 
ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืึธืคื˜ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืื‘ื™ื ืขื˜, ื’ืขืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื 
ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื–ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก. 

ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืื™ื ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ืึธื›ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืฆื™ ืก'ืงืœืขืงื˜ ืื™ื 
ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืŸ, ืฐื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืื™ื–, ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœ- 
ืฉืืคื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฉืืœืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ืคืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืื‘ืึธื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ืข ื“ื™ื ื™ื. 

--- ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ืžืขืฆืขื ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜-ื–ืขืง ืงืœืขืจืŸ ืขืก ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง!.--ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืืฃ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ. -- ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื“ืืจืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืื›ืŸ 

--- ื–ื™ื™ ืงืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜.---ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื•ื™"- 
ื“ืขืžืงืึธืœ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’. ื ืึธืจ ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขืžืฉืึธืœืข ื“ื™ 
ืคืจืื’ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ-ืจืขื›ื˜, ืงืึธืœื•ืžืืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœื˜ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื–ืŸ ืคืื ืื˜ื™ื–ื. ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืฉื•ื™ื•ืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื™ื–, 
ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืฆืขื ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื˜-ื–ืขืง, ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืœ ืืฑืก, ื’ืขืœื˜. 
ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืจืข ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืœ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’, ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงื™ 
ืžืข ืงืึธื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื™ึธื“. 

--- ื•ื•ื™, ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“'ืจ ืขื˜ื™ื ื’ืขืจ? 

--- ื•ื•ื™, ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ืจ ืขื˜ื™ื ื’ืขืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืคึผื- 
ืกื˜ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืกื’ืขื’ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ, ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืคืืจื‘ืฒึท ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืขืจ ืืจืฒื™ื™ึทืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืงืœืืžื™ืจืŸ ืขื˜ื™ื ื’ืขืจืก ืคืขืจื–ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ื‘ืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ 
ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืœืฒื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ: 


ื•ืฐืขืจ, ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืืฒึทืš 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš? 


! ื”ืืกืงืึธืœืข ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืืกืึธื’ืืก ื”ืืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ื™ืŸ (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.)-- ื”ืืกืงืึธืœืข, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจืฒื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื‘ื- 
ืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’. 


122 


ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืœืฒึทืขืŸ, ืฆื• ื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ, 

ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืฐื•ื™ ื ืœืฒึทื˜, 

ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืกืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 

ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš 

ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื™ืœืขืš. 

ืฐื•ืึธืจืขื ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ื ืขืŸ, 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื ืขืŸ. 


-- ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืจ ืขืฉื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ื™ืœื“ืขื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื“ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง: ื‘ืื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืœ- 
ื“ืื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืืฃ ื’ืื ืฆืข 25 ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ, 

ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืื–ืฉ ืจื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธื”ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืจืŸ; 

--- ื“ื™ ืงืื ื˜ืึธื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื ื™ืงืึธืœืฒึทืขืฐืขืจ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืืคื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. 
ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ... 

-- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ" ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืงืฑื“ืขืžืงืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืื™ื’- 
ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง, ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ.. 

-- ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ื™ืš. ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืงืึธืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื“ื•ืจืš 
ืžืขืœืึธื›ืข, ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืœืขื›ืข ื”ืื ื˜ื•ื•ืขืจืงืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืขืคื ื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื›ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš. 

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜, ืื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ื™ื™ืŸ -- ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ--ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึธื›ื™ื, ืฐืึธืก 
ืคื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ. ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ 
ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ: ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื“ืขื ืงืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืกื ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. 

ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืกืืš ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืคืืœืŸ, 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžื˜ ืื•ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ืŸ"ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืืจืคืŸ ืกืฒื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื”ืืจืฅ, ืึธืคืŸ ืคืืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ื ื™ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืก. ื˜ืืงืข ื 
;ื’ืึธื“ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ", ื ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ื™ืขื–ืข ืคืื ืื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื˜ืืงืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฐืึธืจื˜: ื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื ืื™ื– ื“ืขื 
ื™ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ. ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืขืจ, ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืœื™ืกืขื ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืืœืขื ืข 
ื‘ืืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื - 
ื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ืคืœืืงืขืจื˜ ืืฃ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืงืกื˜- 
ืจืขืžืขืŸ ืคืœื™ื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ึทืึธื ืขืจืŸ, ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืข-ืคึผื™ึดืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืคืขื ื“ื™ืข. ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ 
ืงืจื™ื’ื˜, ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืืฐืขืง ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข. ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืฒึทืขืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื™ื•ืฉืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ื•ืืง, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ 
ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื ื•ื™ืงื•ืขืš. ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ื›ืึธืกื™ื“, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืœืืžื™ืงืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืืฃ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืืš. ืžืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืฑืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื˜ืึธ ื“ืึธืก ืขืฆืขืก ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืžืขืขืกื™ืจืขืกื ืขืคืขืฉ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืงื˜ ื‘ื ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืฒึท. 

ื™ืึธ, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืœืŸ... 

ื ืึธืจ ืคืึธืจืžืขืœ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’. ืกืึธืคึผืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื›ื•ื™ืขื•ื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืฆื•ึน ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืืฉื‚ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื•ืื˜ืŸ. ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข 
ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’, 


ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœื™ืฆืžื™ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฒึทืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืืฐืขืงืคืึธืจืŸ. ืžื™ืกื‘ืจื•ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืคื™ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืœื™ืืง. ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืจื˜. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืคึผื•ื“ืึธื–ืฉ. 

ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืืจืึธื›ืึธื“ ืืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง-- ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืจ- 
ื“ืึธื ืก ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜. ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืคึผืืจืึธื›ืึธื“, ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผ- 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืึธืคึผื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืืจืึธื›ืึธื“, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ืคื™ืจืŸ ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืจืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืขื–ืฉืกืงืขืจ ืึธื–ืขืจืข. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคื•ืจ, ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš 
ื’ืขื•ึถื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฐืึธืจืกื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื™ืงื•ื ื’ืก-ืึธืจื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืžืื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ,ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’" 
ืคื–ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจืžืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืืฐื•ืขื’ ืฆื•ื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ 


128 


ืคื•ืŸ ื ื–ืฉืื ื“ืืจื". ืื™ื– ืขืก ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื 
ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข ืคื•ืจ, ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฐื•ึผ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืจื•ึผืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผื•ืฑืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืืฃ ืื–ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืš ื™ืื–ื“ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผืงื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื•ื™" 
ื ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘. ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืืžืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืงืจืขื ืงื˜. ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื™ืง 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืืŸ. ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืขื ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ. ืืŸ ืื™ื™" 
ืฉืขืก-ื›ืื™ืœ, 


: 


ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ"ืœืขื‘, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื“ืึธื–ืฉ, ืื™ื– 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’---ื ืฆืึธืคึผื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ื ื‘ืœืืกืขืจ, ื ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืึธืจืขืžืขืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื›ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืืคึผืขื˜, ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืขืจืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคึผืœื™ืขืกืงืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืฉืขืก. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืืก ืื™ื– ื’ืข" 
ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื–ื ื‘ืœืึธื˜ืข, ืื– ื“ื™ ืงืืœืึธืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ- 
ื‘ื•ืจื’, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ื ื›ื•ื™ื–ืขืง. 

ื ื“ื™ืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ -- ื“ื™ ,ืจื™ื™ื ืข ื”ืขืœืคื˜", ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ื“ื™ , ื–ืืœืข". ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ 
ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข, ืื– ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฑืกืฆื•ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ. ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขื "- 
ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืงืื“ืงืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืงื•ืกืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข" 
ืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ืขื ื˜, ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื“ืœืึธื’ืข, ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืฉืึธื‘ืขื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืฐืฒึทืก, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื˜ืขืจืก, ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขื ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœืขืš ืคืืจื‘ื™ืงืข 
ืฉื˜ืึธืฃ. ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืงืึธื ืขืก. ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืืจื˜-- ื•ื™" 
ื ื™ืงืกื˜ื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืก'ืืจื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื–ื•ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ: ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ. 

-- ืืœืฅ ืงืืคึผื•ื™ืจ,--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™,-- 
ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ,ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ื‘ืฆืืชืš ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืื”ืœืš"ื–. ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื ื ื™ื˜-ื™ื™ึทื“ 
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืืก. 

ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื”ืึธืจืขืคึผืืฉื ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜ 
ื”ืึธืจืขืฐืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืฑืขืจื˜ืข, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก --ื ืžืจื•ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืขื ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 
ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื™ื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ. ืื• ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื“-ืคื•ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื’ื•ื˜ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืงืืฅ. ื ืจืื‘ืข, ื 
ื•ื•ื™ืœื“-ื‘ืื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืงื™ื ื“ืœืขืจืงืข. ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืžืึธืœ. ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืงืขืฆืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืฉืขื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืืœืข ืงืขืฆืขืœืขืš ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ 
ืกืึธืคึผืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืก ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืžืจื•ืง ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื™" 
ื ื™ื, ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ืงื•ื™ืกืข, ืื‘ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ืงืขืฆืขืœืข. ืก'ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืื‘ืข ื•ื•ื™ืœื“-ื‘ืื•ื•ืืงืกืขื ืข ืงืขืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืœืฒึทื“ื ื™ 
ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื™ืขื’ืขืจ, ื›ืฒึทืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื - 
ื”ืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ. ืืคื™ืœืข ืœื™ื‘ ื‘ืืงื•" 
ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“-ืœืขื‘ืŸ -- ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ื ื ืฒึทืข 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 

ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืืจืฉื™ืงื˜ืข. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ, ื ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื–ื‘ืื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื“ืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื•ื - 
ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ืขืจ: ืืœืฅ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ืคืืจืฉื™ืงืขืจื˜, ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืงืจื•ืข-ื‘ืœื•ืข. ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื™ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืžืื˜ื‘ื™ื™ืข. 

ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜, ื ืžื™ื˜ืœื™ืึธืจื™ืงืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืคึผื™ืฆื™ืง ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืฉืคึผื™ืฆื™ืงืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ: ื ืงืฑื“ืขืจืฐืขืœืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขื ืกืขืจืŸ ืจื•ืกืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืืจืงืกืฑ 
ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืฆื•ื ื ืฒึท-ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขื, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืฒึทื›ื˜. 

ื˜ืขื’ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืœืื ื’ืข, ื ื•ื“ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืกื˜ืข. ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืจืขื ืงื˜. 


' ื”ืขื™ืขื™ ืึทื“ืึธื ื‘ืขืฆื™ื™ืกื›ืึธ ืฐืขื™ืขื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืึธื”ึผืึธืœืขื›ืึธ (ื”ืขื‘ืจ)--ื–ืฒึท ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฆืขืœื˜. ื ืฉื•ึนืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก ื ืœื™ื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืฐื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืงื™ืœื™ื. 


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ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฐืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืืกื˜. ื“ื™ ืคื™- 
ืงื•ืก-ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืขืžืขืŸ-ื–ืื™ืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืœืื ืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจื™ื™ืฆื˜, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืข ืกื˜ืขืœื™ืข 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘ืข ื‘ืืœืงื ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜. 

ื‘ืื ืœืขืจืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ื ืกื ืฒึท ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ 
ืคื•ืฉืงื™ื ืขืŸ, ืœืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ืึธืฐืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืขื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจ 
ืื™ื ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืคื•ื ืกื ืฒึท. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ืจื™ืง, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืขืก, ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข-ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ืคึผืึธืขื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื ืึธืจ 
ืฆื™ ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืœืฒื™ื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก,. ืจืืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ื‘ืืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ- 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ื›ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ, ื ืœืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ืึธื•? ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื•ื•ืื ื“ืข, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ-ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ืึธืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื; /ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืฉื•ื™ืจืขืจ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ 
ื‘ืืœ-ืกื™ื’ื ื•ืŸ"ื’. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ-ื“ืขื ืงืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืคืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื. ื ืึธืจ ืฆื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข ื‘ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ? ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ืฆื™ืžืขืจ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืงืึธื ืขืก ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง--ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜. ืขึนืจ, ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืืจื™ืขืจืข ืฆื• 13 ื™ืึธืจ: ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ื ืฆื™ืงืŸ ืืงืจืึธ- 
ืกื˜ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจืืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืฆื™ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจืŸ ื ืฉืึธื›ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ? ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืคืืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ืฉื™ืงืขืจ ืœื•ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืืจืกืงืึดื™ืข ืกืขืœืึธ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื ื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜. ืืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“, ื”ื? 

ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ 
ืื™ื– ื”ืืœื‘ ื’ืขืœืขื’ืŸ, ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืคึผืืจื˜ ืืฃ ืงื™ืฉื ืก; 

-- ืœื™ื•ื‘ื, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงืื ื˜? 

--- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜? ื ื•, ืื– ืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฉื™ื“ืขืš, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ืงืœืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข ื–ืืš. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืš ื“ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื 
ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ, 

-- ื™ืึธื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜? ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ึดืขืกืขืจ ื™ืื˜, ื”ื? 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืจื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ? ื ืคืœืืงืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ! 

-- ื ื•,. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจื–ืขืขื ื™ืฉ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜.-- ื“ื™ 
ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ: ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื ื’ืขื‘ื™ืœื“ืขื˜ืขืจ... ื ื•. ืื™ืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข ื–ืืš... 

ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื• ื“ื™ืจ... ื ,ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข ื–ืืš" ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื–ื 
ืคึผืึธืขื–ื™ืข, ืฐื•ื™ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืžื–ื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื•ื•ืื ื“ืข ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก ืฆื• ืื™ื, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜. 
ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜. 
ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืืคืœื™ื’ืœื˜ืข ืฐืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื›ืืคึผืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืฃ. 

ืื ื•ืžืœื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ื ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืื ื˜ืฒึทืš. 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืกืื–ืฉืœืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžื•ืคื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืงื•ื•ืืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืฉ: , ื“ืื•ื•" 
ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ", --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืœืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธื ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคึผืืฉืขื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข 
ืกื˜ืฒึทืข ื’ืขื ื“ื–. ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื’ืœืื ืฆื™ืงืข ืึธืคึผืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. ืคึผืœื•ืฆ- 
ืœื™ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืื ื“ื• ื ืคืึธื›ืข ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœืขืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœื•ืคื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ืœืึธื– ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืฒึทืš. ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืกื˜ืฒึทืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธื›ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื’ืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ. ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉืŸ 
ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ื– ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื’ืขืคืึทื›ืขืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืจืข ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข ืคืœื™ื’ืœืขืŸ, ื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ืฐืฒึทื–ืขืจ... 


ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฒึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื ืึธื˜ืึธื ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜. ื–ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ืฐืึธืš. ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ -- ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ... 

ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืžืฒึท ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืžืึธื ื’ืขื ืขืžืขืŸ ืกื™ื•ืจืคึฟืจื™ื–. ืื‘ืจืื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ,, ืžืคื™ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื”" ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืฉื™ื˜ืึธืžื™ืจ. ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• 
ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื-ื™ืื ืงืขื•ื• ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืฉืœืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ืืœืก ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืข- 


!' ื‘ืืœ-ืกื™ื’ื ื•ื™ืŸ (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.) -- ืกื˜ื™ืœื™ืกื˜, 


129 


ื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืืจืฉื™ืงื˜ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื™ืขื“ื™ึดืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ืื•ืžืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืฆื• ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคึผื’ืขืฉื•ืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืกื ืฒึท ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื 
ื‘ืจื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืืจืฅ. 

ืฆื• ืฉืึธืœืขื-ื™ืื ืงืขื•ื• ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืขืŸ-ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ,ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข"!. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ;ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื"? ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืขื ืื•ืค- 
ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžืฑื›ืขืจ-ืกืคืึธืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืฉืืจื’ืึธืŸ... 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืืฐื™ืœื™ืงืŸ. ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื™ื ืข-ื™ื™ึทื“ืขื ืขืก, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืฒึทืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืœืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืึธืจื‘ืข-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื‘ื™ืงืข ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜... ืฐื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืืจืึธืคึผืœืึธื–ืŸ? ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืœืขืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืœืขืคื™, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš-ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 
*ืงื”ืœืช" ืื•ืŸ ,ืžืฉืœื™* ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืฃ ื˜ื›ื™ื ืข-ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืคืืจ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืคืœืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื–ื•ื™, 
ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื™ื–ืื™ืขืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™... 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ;ืžืคื™ืฆื™ 
ื”ืฉื›ืœื”". ื“ื™ ืคืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ืžืคื™ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื”", ื•ื•ืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืฐืขืœื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื˜ืจืฒึทืข ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืก" 
ืœืื ื“. ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืืคืงืข ืื™ืœืึธืฐื™ืฒึทืกืงื™ืก /;ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื“" 
ื ืขื ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง", ื“ื™ ืกืืžืข ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ืคืืจื˜ืจืฑื˜ 
ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื ืึธืจืืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืคืืจ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื ื’ืื ืฅ ื”ืฑื›ืขืจ: 10 ืจื•ื‘ืœ 
ื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื˜ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’. 
ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืœืขื ืฆื ื“ื™ืงืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™- 
ื“ืขื ืข ืคืจืฒื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืึธืคึผื ืขื˜ืขืžืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืืจืคืข ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ืคืืจื’ืœืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืกืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. 
ื“ื™ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ืจืขื›ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืืฑืกื’ืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ 
ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ,ืžืคื™ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื”", ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืžื™ืžืึธื ืขืคืฉืขืš -- ื”ืึธืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื–ืขืฆืŸ, ื˜ืึธ ืžืืš ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืœืึธืฐืฒึทืกืงื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืืœ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ. ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืื– ืื‘" 
ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืืจื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืขื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ื ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜: ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืขื›ื™ื ืขืก ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ". 

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ื’ื•ื˜ ืื™ื–, ืฐืึธืก ืœืขืึธืŸ ืจืึธื–ืขื ื˜ืืœ, ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื”ืขื ื’ื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ /ืžืคื™ืฆื™ 
ื”ืฉื›ืœื”" ืึธืคึผื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ื›ืœืึธืคึผืึธื˜ืฉืขื˜ ืžืข ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ 
ื ื”ืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’, ืื– ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ. 


ืกืึธืคืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜, ืื– ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืคึผื™ 
ื“ืึธื–ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื™ืื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื”ืขืจ. ื˜ืขื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืขืจืข. ื“ื™ ื’ืจืฑืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืœืืกืขืจ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืฆื™ืฒึทื˜ื ืฐืฒึทื– ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ. 
ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื– ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจ, ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉืžืึธืœ ืืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ 
ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื ืจืื›ื•ื•ืขืก. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืืฒื ื˜ืึธื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจืขื, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 
ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขื˜, ืฐื™ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืึธื–ืขืจืœืขืš, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ืงืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜-ืžืข- 
ืฉื•ืคึผืขื“ื™ืงืข ื”ื™ื’ืœืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืื›ื˜, ืื– ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืื›ื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืขื ื“" 
ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืึธืŸ ืืŸ ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ื‘ืจืขื’. 

ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข: ;ืฆื“ืงื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืงื™" 
ื“ื•ืช"?. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ืขื ืืจืขืกื˜-ื”ื•ื™ื– -- ;ืœื™ื˜ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ื–ื" 
ืžืึธืง". 

ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข-- ื“ื™ ืฉืืจืคืข ืงืขื’ื ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื–ืขืจ ืžืื›ื˜-- 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’ ื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ืฆื™ื“ืงื™ืึธื”ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื’ืจืฒึทื›ืข ื‘ืื‘ื™ืœืึธื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 


' ื˜ื•ื™ืœื“ื•ื™ืก ื”ืื˜ืขื•ื•ืข (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.) ---ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื ืฆืก ,ื ืื˜ื•ืจื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜". 
? ื”ืึธืึธื•ื•ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื”ืื‘ืึธื ื™ื (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.) --ืื‘ืจืืžืึทื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืืŸ ืืฃ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. 
5 ืฆื™ื“ืงื™ืื”ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื™ื™ืก ื”ืืคืงื•ื“ื•ื™ืก (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.) -- ืฆื™ื“ืงื™ืึธื”ื• ืื™ืŸ ืืจืขืกื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื–. 


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ืื™ื ืื•ืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืขืกื˜-ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, 
ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื™ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืคืฆื•ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ 
ืงื•ื™ื”ืื ื™ื ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืฆื• ื”ืื›ื ืึธืข, ืฆื• ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืœืข ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื–ืข ื“ื™ื ื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื”ืึธื’ื™ื. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ: 


ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืœืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ื“ืช ื•ืกืคืจ 
ืืš ื ื“ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืงื™ื ื›ืขืคืจ ื•ืืคืจ. 


(ืก'ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜, ืžืข ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื™ืคืขืจ, 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืžืึธืœืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืขืŸ, ืฐื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืืฉ), 


ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืงืจืื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื“ืงื™ืึธื”ื•ืก ืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืืœืก ื“ืขื 
ืฉืœื™ืกืœ"ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืฑืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึธื“ึถืŸ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจ- 
ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืืœืก ื ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื–ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. 

ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืข 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ืจื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืกื˜. ื“ื™ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจืขืก--- ืฉื˜ืืจืงืข, ืฆืึธืจื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข. ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื, ืฐื•ืขื˜ 
ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจืขืก ืืคืŸ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจ, 


ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืฒื™ ื ืึธืš ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื“ืึธื–ืฉ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืคืืจืฉื™ืงื˜ืข. 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™--- ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ืžืคึผืื˜ื™ืข ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™, ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืขืคื™ืœ, 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืข, ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜. ืื‘ืจืื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, 
ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ โ€ ื“ืขืœืึท*ื™ ืจื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืกื–ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ 
ืžืืฉืžืึธืขืก ืึธืคึผืฉืืคืŸ ืคึผื•ื“ืึธื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื ื•ื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืก-ืึธืจื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข. ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜: ื ืึธืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืืจืืงืื ืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืื ืฆืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ,ื‘ืืงืฐืขืžืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ" ืืคืŸ 
ื”ื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืืœ, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืœื•ื–ืฉืข ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜: ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ืคืขืœื“ืฉืขืจ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืื– ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ื, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜-ืฉื™ืงืขืจ. 
ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข -- ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ื, 
ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข... 

ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฆืขื˜ืขืœืข, ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ 
ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฆืขื˜ืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืฐื™ ื ื“ื•ื ืขืจ: ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ,,ืžืคื™ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืœื”" 
ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ! ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื–ื ืฉื˜ื™ืง? ื ืขืฐืึธืœืข? ื“ืืคืงืข ืœืขืึธืŸ 
ืจืึธื–ืขื ื˜ืืœ! ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคื’ืขืงืœืขืจื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ื™ืœื“ืขื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืžื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื, ื“ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืืกืงื™ืœ. ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, 
ืื– ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืึธืŸ ืจืึธื–ืขื ื˜ืืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืืกืขื ืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ื™ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ! ื“ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, ื ื‘ืื˜ืœืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื 
ื“ืขื ,ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ"!, ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ ืœืขื•ื•ื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
,;ืžืคื™ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื”". 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจื“ืจืึธืก. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉืคึผืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜, 
ืืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจืขื’ื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืฒึทื•ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืฑื–ื˜, ืฐื™ ืื™ืŸ ื 
ื•ืฐื•ืœืงืืŸ. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฉืื ื“-ืกืœื•ืคึผ. ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืึธื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจ- 
ื“ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืขื ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืขืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืœื˜ืฒึทืฐืขื ื™ืง. ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืš ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืคึผืœ: ,ื”ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื”"ืค, 

--- ืœื™ื™ื‘ืขืœืข, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™, ื–ืขืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜. --- ืฐืึธืก ื ืขืžืกื˜ื• 
ื–ื™ืš ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื ื”ืืจืฆืŸ?! ืžื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’. ืื‘ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ.. 


' ื”ืืžื™ื™ืœื™ืฅ (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.) -- ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’. 

: ื”ืื‘ืืก ื”ืืฉื•ื™ืฐื•ืขื•ืึธ (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.)---ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืืกืขื ืข ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ. ืฉืคืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื–ื ืฉื™ืจ. ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื•ืืจืขื ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืš. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜, ืื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ,ืื•ื™ื- 
ื’ืขืœืืกืขื ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ" ืžืฒื ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืขื˜ ืžื•ืกืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื’ื™ืŸ 
ืืฃ ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืข ืฐืขื’. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืฒืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžืฒื›ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื ืฆืขืก. 


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ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ืืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืกืึธืคืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜. ืื•ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ืฐื•ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืฉ ืฐืขืจื˜ืœ; ืกืžื–ื ื’ืก} 14 ืขืกืกืขืกืชืก + 


ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคึผืขืงืœ, ืึธื " 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ืŸ-ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืึธืคืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืœืื ื’. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื–ืขืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื 
ืฆื•ื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ. ื’ืขื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ื ืฒึทืกืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฐื•ืขืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืกืึธืœืึธืฐื™ืึธื•ื•ืก ื”ื™ื ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืœืื ื’ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ื‘ืืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื™ืคึผืจืึธื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ืง, 
ืื–ื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืกืื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืกืžืืงืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท,. ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืœืข ืื™ื ืฆืœื”ืฒึทื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืœืขื ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ึนื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธืžื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคึผืœืืฅ ืืคืŸ ,ื•ื•ืืกื™ืœื™ืขื•ื•ืกืงืข ืึธืกื˜ืจืึธืฐ", ื•ื™ 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืคื•ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทื“ืขืก, ื’ืขืงืจืึธื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ, ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ืืฃ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœืงืึธื ืขืŸ; ืฐื™ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืฉืืคืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืœื™ึตืข; ืฐื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืฒืฆืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื“; 
ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืขืกื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืฃ ืืคืŸ ืขืฉืืคืึธื˜; ืฐื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคึผืึธืคึผ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืงืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื; ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจืื‘ืื ืฉื˜ืฉื™ืงืขืก 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ืœื“ืขื˜ ื ืงืืจืข ืืจื•ื ืขืฉืืคืึธื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืงืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืฑืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืืœื™ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜... 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ื“ื™ืจืข ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืืฃ ืึธื ืฆื•ื™ืึธื’ืŸ ื ืคึผืื›ืขื“ ืืคืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธืก ืขืจ 
ืขืก ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ. 

ืืฃ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’, 

ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคึผื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื“ืขื ืงืฐื™ืจื“ื™ืงืŸ 2"ื˜ืŸ ืืคึผืจืขืœ, 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ืื™ืžืคึผืขืจืื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ ืกืืžืึธื“ืขืจื–ืฉืขืฅ ืฐืกืขืจืึธืกืฒื™ืกืงื™* ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœืึธืคึผืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ื”ืึธื– ืžืื›ื ื™ 
ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื’ื–ืื’ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื˜ืขื ื˜ืื˜ืœืขืจ... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื”ืื ืึธืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœื“. ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืื ืึธืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ื˜ื™" 
ืงืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคึผืึธืคึผ. 

ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื, ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืขืŸ. ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ืื”ืขืจ. ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื˜ืฒื™ืœื˜ 
ื“ืึธ ื“ืขื ืฉื™ืงื–ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืคื™ืœื ื“ื™ืงืข. ื“ืขื 
ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื”ื•ื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’: ื‘ืื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื”ืขืจืฉืืคื˜. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ืฉื™ื™ื“ื•ื•ืขื’, ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื”ืขืจืฉืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืกืื˜ืจืืคืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคืึธืœืง, ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธื ืก, ืคึผืึธืœืง, ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื›ื•ื-ื”ืืžื•ื™ืฉืขื•ื•. ืขืจ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ืฆื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื“ืœ-ืœืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืœื˜ื™ืงื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืฉืึธ, ื ืคืืจืฐืึธื’ืœื˜ืขืจ ืืคืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืึธืคึผืŸ, ื ืคืืจื˜ืจื™ื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืžื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ืขืจ ืžืื’ื ืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืฉืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืคืขื ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง: ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœืก. 
ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืจืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืจื™ืฆื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืงื™ืจ, ืคืจื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื•ื ื’, ืคึผืจืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื–ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืข ืคืึธืจื•ืจื˜ื™ืœืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื‘ืขืžื™ื™ืœืข ืฐืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืกื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื™- 
ื˜ืขืงื˜ืข ืคืจืื’ืŸ: ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื–ื•ื™... 

ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืจืข ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืš 
ืื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ื™, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืžืคึผืœื˜ ืืœืก ืคึผื•ื™ืฉืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ?. ื™ืึทื™ 
ืคื•ื™ืฉื™ื™ ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื˜ืืงืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจืื›ื˜ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜. ืคืืจืื›ื˜ืขื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ึถืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธื 
ืื•ืคื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐื•ื™ืœืฉื˜ืื ื“. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื”ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ื, ืฐื™ ื ื“ืึธืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผืŸ ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ืžื™ื“ื‘ืขืจ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ- 


' ืฉืขืจืฉืข ืœื ืคืื (ืคืจืื ืฆ.)--ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™. 
2 ืคื•ื™ืฉื™ื™ ื™ื™ึทืกืจืึธืขืœ (ื”ืขื‘ืจ.) -- ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ืกืจืึธืขืœ. 


8- 061 198 


ืจืื, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืœืขืฐืึธื ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื“ืœืึธื’ืข ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื•ื 
ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื ื˜ืœื™ืข. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืจืื›ื•ื•ืขืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื“ื™ื ืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ืžื›ืืคึผืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืžืขืกื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœ- 
ืงืฒึทื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจืขื˜ืขืจื™ืฉืข. ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื˜, ื’ืขื–ื™ื“ื˜, 
ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜. ืœื™ื™ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“-- ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœืื•ื•ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืงืฒึทืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืจื•ื™ืฉื˜, ืคืœื™ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืืœืฅ ืืจืึธืคึผืจืืžืขืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜: ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื 
ืืŸ ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ --- ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืขื–ืฉืฉื‘ืŸ-ื”ืื ืขืคืขืฉ. 


ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืืจื•ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืงืจืึธื’ืŸ ื ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืืžืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ืื• ื“ื™ 
,ื“ืขืœื" ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– ืื ื•ืœื™ืจื˜-- ืขืจ ืžืขื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’. ื ืึธืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ---ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื“ืึธื–ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒ, 

ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืจ ืืฃ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ 
ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข-ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืจ 


ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ. 


ื ืึธืš ืึน ืœืื ื’ื“ื•ื™ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืงืจืื ืงื”ืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™- 
ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืงื˜ื™ืฐื•ืข ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธ- 
ื’ืจืืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื“ืœ 
ืจืึธื–ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื–. 


ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1901, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึธื‘- 
ืจื•ื™ืกืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืž. ืจืึธื–ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื ื”ืืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธ- 
ื˜ืขืง"ื•ื•ืขื–ืŸ -- ืฆื•ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื”ืฒื™ืžืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ, ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ 
4, ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงื˜ื™ืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง-ืคืึธื ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืš 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื- 
ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ืึธืจ- 


ื—.........,, 


ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืจืึทื–ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื– 


ื“ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจื™ืฆืขื˜ืœืขืŸ ืื“ื’, 
ืืœืก ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคึผื•ื‘- 
ืœื™ืงื™ืจื˜ ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœืข 


ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ-ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 


ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืข- 
ืจื™ึธืึธื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืขืก, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืข- 
ืจืขื›ื ื˜ ,ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". 
ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– 
ืž. ืจืึธื–ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืงืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขื“ืืงืฆื™ืข. 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื‘ื™ืง 
ืคืืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืฒื“ืขื ืขืจ, 
ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื ื‘ืืฉืขื ืง- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื›ืขืก 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื•ึถื•ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืจืึธื’ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืืœื’ืข- 
ืžื™ื™ื ืขื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. 


ืขืจืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื ื“ืขื ืง! 


129 


ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“'ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืฆืจ 


ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื’ื™ืฆื™ืก 
(ืคืขื–ื) 


ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 


ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ -- ืžื™ื›ืœ ื™ืืงื ืขืก. ืคืืจ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ 
ืฉืคึผืื ื™ืฉ-- ื™ืืงื ืขื–. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืฒื™ืึธืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืืจืื‘ื™ืข (ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจืฒึท ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ, ืžื™ื‘ืœ, 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืขืจ). ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืฒึทื–ื“ืœื™ืคืขืจืื ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ืื™ื, ืžื™ื›ืœืขืŸ, ื ืคืืจืžืขื’ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ืžื™ื›ืœ, ืคืืจื ืขืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืจืœื™ื™ 
ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืŸ (ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืฒึทื–ื“ืœื™ืคืขืจืื ื˜), ืื™ื– ืกืึธืคึผืงืึธืœืกืึธืฃ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธื›ื ื‘ืœืื˜ ,ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืจื•ื', ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ. 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ื™ืืงื ืขืก, ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธื›ื ื‘ืœืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ -- ืขึถืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ื™ืขื“ืขืก ื™ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜ ืืจืึธืคึผืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืฒึทืขืจืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ 'ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืืงืฆื™ืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฐืึธื›ื ื‘ืœืื˜, ืคืืจืœื™ืจื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืœืืจืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขื 
,ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื" ืื•ืคื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ื’ื•ื˜, ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึธืจ: 
ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืขืก ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ... ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ,ืื‘ื™-ื•ื•ืขืจ"... ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืืœืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื ืึธืš, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขื ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื, ืื– ืขืจ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืืก ืฐื™ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืขื ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื. ืžื•ืงื“ื•ื™ื ื™. ื”ื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืžืคึผืึธื–ืื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื 
ื’ืจืึธื•ื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืขืจ, ื™ืืงื ืขืก, ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืงื•ืจืฅ ื’ืจืึธื•ื• ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ. ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ 
ืืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืงืจืื˜ื™ืฉ, ืฆื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ --- ืจืฒึทืš -- ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ. ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ ื”ืึธืœืฅ (ืขื‘ืึธื ื™ื˜) ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš. 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ. ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืคึผื™ืขืกืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืื™ื™ื ืข ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœืข ืจืขืคึผืขื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ, ืžื™ื›ืœ 
ื™ืืงื ืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข, ืึธืคึผืขื ืข ื”ืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกืŸ ื–ืึธื’ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื 


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ืึดื™ื ,ื“ื•ืฉื ื ื ืจืืกืคึผืืฉืงื•". ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืข, ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื–ืข ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืขืก. ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืฒืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื›ืึธืคึผื˜ืข 
ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ, ืฆื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืžืึธืœื™ืงืขืจ ,ืงืืคืข ืจืึธื™ืืœ", ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธ- 
ื–ื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื‘ืืฆืึธืœืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข. (ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ. ืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ 
ืžืขืจ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ 
ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืื ืขืŸ). 

ื”ืึธ, ื™ืข... ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื”ื™ื™ืจืื˜ ืฆื• ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืขืจ, ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ืขืจ 
ืคืจื•ื™ -- ืจื•ื˜ืข. ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ-ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ-ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื‘ ืฆื• ืื™ื. ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืข. ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื -- ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืืž- 
ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืขืก, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ, ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื•ื•ืื›- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืคืืจืžืฒึทื“ืœืขื›ืข ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ื›ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฆื•ื’ ืฆื•ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ. ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืืœืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื•ืกื˜, ืฆื• ืžืื›ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื. 

; ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง. ื–ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืขืจ ื ืคืจืฒึทื ื“ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ืื”ื™ื™ืžืคื™ืจืŸ 
ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ, ืฆื•ื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื ,ืฐื™ื ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื™- 
ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืฐืขืจืขืจ ืœืืกื˜ืžืืฉื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืคืืจ- 
ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขื˜ืข, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื•ื ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฉืจืขืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงืœืืค ืคืืจ 
ืื™ื.. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืจืื˜. ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืขืจ ืงืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืฉืืคื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืฆื• 
ืื™ืจ, ืฆื• ืจื•ื˜ืขืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทื ื›ืืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ืจืึธื™ืืœ-ืงืืคื˜" 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืขื•ื•ืขื ื™ื•, ืขืก. ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืžืคึผืึธื ื™ืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืฆื™ 
ืืงื˜ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ื•ืก" ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื", ืฐืึธืก 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง (ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืืืจื’ื•ืก"). ืืŸ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขืžืขืจ (ืื–ื•ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื-- ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜) ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ืจืึธื™ืืœื™ืงืืคืข" ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ื ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืŸ 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืืฐืจืึธื ืจื™ื™ื–ื™ืŸ, ืฆื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉืืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืื ืงืขื•ื• ื’ืœืื˜ืฉื˜ื™ืŸ, ืฆื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ืึธืจ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ืขื•ื•, ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžืืžืขืฉ ืžืขื›ืฒึทืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืงืขื ื˜ ืึธืคึผื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื ื“ื ืœืื ื’ ื‘ื ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉืžืืงืŸ ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜, ื”ืื ืึธืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืฑื™ืฆืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืจืขื›ื™ืœืขืกืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืฑืกื ื“ืข ืžืื ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื›ืืœื™ืืกื˜ืจืข. ืขืจ -ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื˜ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืขืจืฒึทืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธื - 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืื ื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืื ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœื™ื‘ืขืจืืœืข ืึธื ืฉื•ื™ื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข 
ืฆื• ืจืื“ื™ืงืืœ ืคืืจ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ื™ืกืขื ืข ืงืึทื ืกืขืจืฐืื˜ืึธืจืŸ 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข ,ืžืื›ืขืจืก" ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•- 
ืฆื™ึดืขืก. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืง, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืจืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ,ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’", 
ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ื˜ืฉืขืง. ืก'ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืœืื ื’ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืึธืŸ 
ืจื•ื˜ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืืจ- 
ืงืขืจ. ืขืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืฐืขืง ื ื•ื•ืื ื˜, ื ืกืืš ืฐืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืš, ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื˜ืฒืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขื ืข, 
ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื‘ืืจืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื•ืžืคืืจืžืฒึทื“ืœืขื›ืข -- ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื•ื™ื–ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืจื•ื, 
ืฐืึธืก ืคืึธื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ืข, ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขื ืข, ืฆื•ื’ืขืฐื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืข ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคื•ืคืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื", ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื›ื ื‘ืœืื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขื ืขื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื– (ื ืึธืš ืจื•ื˜ืขืก ื˜ื•ื™ื˜) ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืš ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืกื™ืก ืžื•ื“ื™ (ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื). ื ืžื™ื˜ืœื™ืึธืจื™ืงืข ื ืขื’ืขืจ- 
ื˜ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืคืจืืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืืฉืŸ, ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืขืงืขื›ืฆืŸ, ืฆื• ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืฉ -- ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ืขืžื“ืขืจ, ืœืฒึทืœืขื›ืขืจ, ืฆื™ื›ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืฉื˜ืขื›ืขืจ, ื”ืื ื˜ืข- 
ื›ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืฉืขืจืฒึท --ืฐืึธืš ื ืึธืš ืฐืึธืš; ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข --ื˜ืขื’, ืฐื•ืึธื›ืŸ, ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ-- 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื˜ืขื ืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืื ืฅ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืฉืฑื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฐื™ืกืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜. ื“ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืก 
ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉืฐื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ... ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืืฆื™ืก; ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™. ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš, ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื”ื™ื™ืจืื˜ืข, ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง: ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืข, ื ืฐืฒึทื˜ืข ืงื•ื–ื™ื ืข -- ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ื ืึธืžืขืŸ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื™ ื–ื™ ืœืขื‘ื˜ 


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ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืฅ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ื˜ืขืก ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข. ื–ื™, ืจื•ื˜ืข, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืข ืื™ืŸ 
ื ื™ื•-ื“ื™ืึธืจืง-- ืืŸ ืื“ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจืœ--ืขืจ ื ืงืจื™ืกื˜, ื–ื™ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืฅ-- 
ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ื ืึธืš ื‘ื ืจื•ื˜ืขืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื•ืขืง ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขื›ืึธืกืœืึธื•ื•ืืงื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื " 
ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธื›ื ื‘ืœืื˜, ืื™ื– ืขืจ, ื™ืืงื ืขืก, ืืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ. 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืคืฆืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคืืจ 
ืžื™ืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ -- ืึธื˜ ื”ืฒื™ึทื ื˜: ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™. ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ 
ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜. ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืืฉืŸ ื•ื™ืš, ื ื’ืœืขื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ืจืฆืข ื’ืจืึธื•ืฐืข ื‘ืขืจื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื 
ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืขืจ, ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืคื™ื ืฃ-ืื•ืŸ-ืื›ืฆื™ืงืขืจ. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ื’ืขืคืจื™ื™ื˜, ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ืืจื•ื ื–ื™ืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื“. ืขืจ ืื™ื–, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ืขืŸ 
ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜. ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืจืึธื“ ื™ืึธ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืขื›ื˜.. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืœื•ื™ืžืขืก ืืคื™ืœืข. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืจื˜, ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ื™ื ื–ืื. ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ืฆืขืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืžืึธืœ, ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜: ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ. ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง (ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืจืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืกื™ืก ืžื•ื“ื™ืก ื˜ืึธื’). ื“ืขืจ ืžืืจืื ืฆืŸ" 
ื–ืืคื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ืฑืขืจืงืฒึทื˜: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืขืคึผืจืขื’ืœื˜ืข ืื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉืฐื•ึผืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื– ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœ ืืจืฒื™ึทืŸ; ื“ื™ ืงืืฉืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืกืขืœืข ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืคึผืขืจืœ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืœื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืงืื•ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืจืงืึธืœืื˜ืึธืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื: ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืคืฒึทืขืจืŸ ื“ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’, ืžื™ื›ืœ ื™ืืงื ืขืก, ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืืจื•ื ืคื™ื ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ื˜ืืงืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ,ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ", 
ืฆื•ึน ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืงืœืืกื™ืงืŸ ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืœืื ื’ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื‘ื™ื– ืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื”ื™ื ืฆื•-- ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืื›ื˜ ืฉืึธ ื‘ื™ื– ืคื™ื ืฃ, ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืึธื’-ื ืฒึทืกืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืœืขื•ืฑื–ืึธืจ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš,. ืืจื•ื ืขืœืฃ, ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืงืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืžืืŸ ืฐื•ืขื˜ 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ -- ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœืŸ... ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™- 
ืงืื˜ืŸ -- ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœืข, ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. (ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœ-- ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ 
ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜. ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ -- ื“ืขืจ ืื“ืฐืึธืงืื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ,. ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืืŸ, ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื™, ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ 
ืขืจ, ืžื™ื›ืœ ื™ืืงื ืขืก, ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื ื–ืึธื’ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ; ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก... ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืจืฒึทื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง. ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ.. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืืคื™ืœืข ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืš ืžืื›ืŸ ืฆืืฐืึธืขืก... ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ืฆืืฐืึธืข?. 

ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง -- ืขืจ ื•ืฑื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื. ื“ื™ ืืœืข 
ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข, ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืข, ืฐื•ื™ืœื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืข, ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื–ืืžืœืขืŸ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืขืก, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ..--- ืขืก ืฆื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื•ืขืงืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืก... ืึธื˜ ืื–ื•ื™... ืืจื™ื™ึทื ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืขืกืœ, ืฆื™ ืงืขืกืœืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜, 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื›ืœื™ืึธืคึผื˜ืฉืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื”ืื ืึธืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืื ืง" 
ื‘ืืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžืข ื“ืื ืงื‘ืืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืฉืื ืง... ืึธื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ 
ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื“ืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ), ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฆื•ืคื™?ืœ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื. ืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ื’ืึธืจ ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืฐืขื˜ ื ืฉืœืึธื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืฉืึธ... ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื‘ืืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก. 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ืงื™ืžืื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืคึผืืกื˜. ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื˜. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื‘ืึธื ื™ื˜-ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ. ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืœื™ืคื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ-ื‘ืื“ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื 
ื˜ืืงืกื™. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ"-ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืข, ืฉื™ื™ื ืข 
ืคืจื•ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ื’ืข" 
ืงืขื ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ืฉืขืคื“ื™ืงืข ืคืืจื ืื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืื ืึธืจืืžืข--- ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืขื ืข ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœืงืจืืฆืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืจืึธืคึผืึธืœื™ืข. ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืก- 
ื˜ืึธืจืืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ืคึผื™ืื ืึธื™ื˜ืขื ืขืจ... ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืข, ืžื™ื˜ืœืฐื•ึผืงืกื™ืงืข, ื“ื™ื ืข. ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ื’ื•ื˜-ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืกื˜, ื’ืื ืฅ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืงืขืœื ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขื - 
ื“ื™ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข, ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, ืฆื™ ืขืจ ืฐื™ืœ ื ืงืงืึธืงื˜ืฒืœ". ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ . 
ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืง ืื•ืŸ, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืฒึทื–ื“ืงืืจื˜ืข,. ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืคื™ืœ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืฑื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ืฐื•ืฑื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื–ืขื-ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ื“ื™ ืคืœืื›ืข, ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื ืข ืกื™ื’ืืจืขื˜- 


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ืคื•ืฉืงืข. ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜-ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืขื ืขื ืกื™ื’ืืจืขื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืื ืึธ-ืžืขืœืึธื“ื™ืข. 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืฉืึธ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื™ื ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืคืฆื•ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื”ื™ื™ืžื’ื™ื™ืŸ --- ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ. ืื•ื™ืก. ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• 
ื–ื™ืš: ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ -- ื’ื™ื™. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืฉืึธืคึผืขืŸ-ื˜ืข- 
ื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืื ืึธ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ, ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ื˜ืืงืข ืื™ืจืข, 
ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืœื ืขืจื ืก, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืข ืืฑื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ.. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืข.. ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ืืง- 
ืฆืขื ื˜... ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ ื’ืจืขื˜ื ื’ืืจื‘ืึธืก ืื•ืžืคืืจื’ืขืกืœืขื›ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ืข ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืœื™ื‘ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื ืขืžืืก. ื–ื™. ื“ื™ ืงืขืœื ืขืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ื ืก, ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืืฑืก, 
ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ. ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, ืฆื™ ืขืจ ื•ื™ืœ ื ืึธืš ืขืคึผืขืก., 

-- ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื ื“ืื ืง, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜.---ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง.. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ.. ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ.. ืึธื˜ ืื–ื ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ, ืฐืฑ 
ืื™ืจ. -- ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. 

-- ื™ืึธ? ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜. 

-- ืžื™ืจ ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš, ืื– ืก'ืฐื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜, ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื›ืฆื™ืงืขืจ. ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื– 
ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืŸ-ื–ืฉื•ืืŸ. 

-- ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ื ื•ื˜.-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜.-- ื“ืขื 
ืขืžืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง... ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ืฆื™ 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ืฑื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืื ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜. ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื ืžืื˜ืึธื ืข, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืฆื• ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’. ืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื™ืฆื˜... ื“ืึธ. 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก. ืฐื•ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ? 

--- ืžื™ืจ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืžืื›ืŸ ืฆืฐื•ืขืœืฃ. 

-- ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื– ืคื™ื ืฃ? 

-- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ. 

-- ื”ืึธ... ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ; ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜. ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืฒืฒึทืš ืื”ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืื“ื™ืœืืง, 

-- ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืงืื“ื™ืœืืง? 

-- ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืืงืกื™. 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืš ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจ ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš. 

-- ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš. 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืฐื™ื™ึทืœืข. ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ, 

ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืจืืžืขืŸ ืืคึผืืจื˜ืืžืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ 
;ื˜ืฒึทืžืก", ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ. ืึธื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ, ืขืกืŸ, ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ. ื ืฉืึธื“.--ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฆื• 
ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืื– ืžืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคึผืืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืขืก, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืฐื™ ื ืžืื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื ื•, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ืกืืš ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฆื™ื™ืขื ื“ืข ืงืขืœื ืขืจื ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืจื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืขืœื ืขืจืŸ.. 

ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ืจื•ืงืŸ. ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืจืขื’ื - 
ื“ื™ืงืข, ืงื™ืœืขืจืข ื˜ืขื’. ื“ืึธืš -- ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืจืึธื“ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ืขื ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืกืคื•ืœืข ื ื™ื•ืื ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœื™ืจืŸ. ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืืŸ ืื›ื˜, ืฆืขืŸ ืงื•ื•ืืจื˜ืืœืŸ. 
ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื โ€ ืžืขื˜ืจืึธืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ืืŸ-ืžื•ื–ื™ื™ื•ึผื" --- ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ืืžืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื•ื™ื™ื•ึผื, 
ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืคืขืœื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืงืœืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื’ืึธืจ- 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื. 


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ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคื™ื ืฃ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ึผื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’, ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ื 
ื˜ืึธื’ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ" ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉืขืจืข. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืฆื•ืงื•- 
ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืžืœืงืจืืฆืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืืงืกื™ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ--- ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื™ื™ืขืจ-ื˜ืจืึธืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™-ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืก. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืืงืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืจืึธื’ ืฆื•ื ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทื“ืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ". ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืึธืขื ื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ 
;ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ* ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจื ื™ื›ื˜ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืฒึทืขืจื™ 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืœืื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจ 
ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืงื•ื•ืืจื˜ืืœืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ, ืฆื• ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜, ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

--- ื”ืืœืึธ... 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืœื ืขืจืŸ. 

-- ื”ืืœืึธ.. -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜, ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืคืจื™ื™ื“. 

--- ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ,ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ" ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜.-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. --ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ื‘ืจืขื ื˜. ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ, ื›ืืคึผื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ 
ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข, ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืื™ื–. 

--- ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ืื™ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืืฒึทืš! 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ืึธ ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืง, ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ;ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ"? 

--- ืฆื•ื ืืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ*, ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ื‘ืื ืคืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš. 

-- ื ืฉืึธื“... ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืจืขื ื˜. ืฐืขืจ ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐื™ ืœืื ื’ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ 
ืื™ื. 

-- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ -- ืื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืขืกืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ืขืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืจ... ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฆื•" 
ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ,ืืžื‘ืืกืื“ืึธืจ* ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขืก ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ืคืืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืข ืžืื˜ืึธื ืข ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ. ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ? 

-- ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ. 

--- ืื™ื– ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ. 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’, ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืจ ื‘ื ื ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืืœื‘-ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืŸ ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืฒึทื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜, 
ื’ืขืฉืžืืง. ืื•ึนืŸ ืขืกื ื“ื™ืง ืœืื ื’ื–ืื, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 

--- ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ --- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืžืฒึทืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื›ืœ ื™ืืงื ืขืก. 

-- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืœื’ื, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. 

-- ืขืก ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืึถืœื’ื. ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื ืึธืจืฐืขื’ืขืจืŸ? 

-- ื ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืงื”ืึธืœื. 

--- ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ.. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ! 

-- ื–ืขืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง. 

-- ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื”ื™ื™ืจืื˜, ื•ื™ ืขืก ืฐื™ื™ึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก. 

-- ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื”ื™ื™ืจืื˜... ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ---;ืงืืžืขืŸ ืœืึธื•", ืฐื™ ืžืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ืขืก ื“ืึธ. ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืฆืœืขืš. ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืื•ืžืึธื ื’ืขื ืขืžืข ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ. ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืจืื˜, 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืฒื™ืึธืจืง. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืขื˜ื ืืžืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืงื”ืึธืœื --ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืจื’ืขื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ืœืึธื–ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคึผืขื ืข. ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ืŸ. ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข ืฉื™ืงื˜ ื”ื - 
ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.. ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืžืฒึทืœ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื”ื™ื™ืžืขืŸื™ื™ 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื ื”ื™ืคึผืึธืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืขื˜ื ืื, ืฉืืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื’ืขืคืืจ ืคืืจ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืขื™ 

-- ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืขืจ... ืžืืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜? 

-- ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ืกื˜. ื ืคืืจื›ืึธืœืขืžื˜ืขืจ, ื ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขื–ืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืคึผืจื•" 
ื‘ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืžื•ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืืฒึทื ืจืฒื“ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืจื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฐืขื“ืฃ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ืคืืกืŸ ืฆื• ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืฆื• ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืกืœืึธื–ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื " 
ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ. ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ืืจืงืึธื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคื™ืจื˜ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืฆื• ืžืขืฉ" 
ื’ืืก. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ืขืจืฆื•, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš 


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ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ืขืจืฆื• ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜. 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื˜ืจืขื’ืœืขืš... ืงืจืื ืง... ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜. 

-- ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื? 

-- ืื™ืš ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืœืขืจืง, ืฆื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืืœืขืš ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืœื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ. 
ืžื™ึทื™ื ืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ-- ืืœื˜ืžืึธื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ---ืืŸ ืืคึผื˜ืฒืงืขืจ, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ืคืืจื”ื™ื™ืจืื˜ ืฆื• ื ืœืขืจืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ... ืื™ืš ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœ ื“ืึธืก ืืฒึทืš-- 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื•ืข. 

-- ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ื ืฒึทืข ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, ืื™ื–... ืื– ืžืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜, ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฐื™ืกื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก.. ื ืฒึทืก. ื“ืขืจื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืขืก. ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื–ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืคืจืฑื™, 
ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ, ื“ืืจืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜, ืฆื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืš. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืึธืคึผ- 
ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื“ื™ ื ืฑื˜ืฐืขื ื“ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜, ืฐื•ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข, 
ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ... ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืŸ. ื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš, ืื– ืื™ืš, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื“ืืจืฃ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. -- ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ ืฆื™ ื–ื™ ืจื™ื™ื›ืขืจื˜. ื ื™ื™ืŸ? ื’ื•ื˜, 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืกื™ื’ืืจ ื ืกื™ื’ืืจืขื˜ืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืŸ. ื’ืขืฉื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื™- 
ืœืข. -- ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื–ื ืขืกืžืขืŸ -- ื ืฉืคึผืฒึทื–ื“ืœื™ืคืขืจืื ื˜ ืคืืจ 
ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ืคืืจืžืขื’ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ื ืขืก. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฐืึธืœืก- 
ื˜ืจื™ื˜"-ืืงืฆื™ืขืก. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืฐืึธื›ื ื‘ืœืื˜. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™, ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ-ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ:ืืงืฆื™ 
ื“ืขื ื˜. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืจืื˜. ืฐื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ 
ืขืก ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืื ื˜ืืจืข ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง, ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ-ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื–ื ืคืืจ- 
ื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื˜ืจืขืฃ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืก ืคืขืœืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง. ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ื’. ืžื™ืจ ืคืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื”ืื ืึธืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜. 

-- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืื“ืข ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืื•ื•ืขืจื˜.-- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›? ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ.-- 
ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฆืึธืคื ื“ื™ืง ืœืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ืฆืึธืคื ื“ื™- 
ืงืขืจ, ื ื ื™ื˜ ืกืื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืขื ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืฑื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข. 
ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืงืึธื ืฆืขืคึผืฆื™ืขืก, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื ืžืฒึทื ืข 
ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืกืืš ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื•ืื ื’ืืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื“ืึธืจ,. ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืึธืฐืขืจื˜. ื“ื™ ืื–ื•ื™ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ 
ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืจืึธืคึผืึธืœื™ืข. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื–ืื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ. ืื™ืš ื‘ืืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื ื™ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜- 
ืฆื•ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืขืœื˜-ืึธื ืฉืฑื•ึผื ื’ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืข, ื–ืข ืื™ืš. ื™ืึธ--ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ... ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื? 

-- ,ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ื–ื", ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืึธ- 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื–ื. --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›? ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ.-- ืขืก ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืึธืžื™ืฉ, ื•ื™ ื•ืขืŸ 
ืืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ืกื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืึธื–ื•ื ื’: ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืืฒึทืš! ืื™ืš 
ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ืื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ื–ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜, ืืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ. 

--- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืขืจ ืคึผืจืืงื˜ื™ืฉืก? 

--- ืžื™ืจ ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืจืŸ , ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ื–ื" ืžื•ื– ืžืขืŸ ืฆื™ ืžื•ื•ื™ืœ, ืฆื™ 
ืž'ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜, ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื, ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

--- ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜, ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™, ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ, 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฐืขืจืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืคืืจ ืืฒื™ื™ึทืš ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ... ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ 
ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข? 

--- ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ืง, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜, ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’. ืื™ืš 
ืฐืขืœ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื ื’?, ื–ืขืŸ ืึธื ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข. 


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-- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืึนื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ. 

--- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ืกื˜, ื–ืข ืื™ืš, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ.. ื™ืืงื ืขื–. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ 
ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื™ึทืš.--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’. ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ืง ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื– ืž'ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ 
ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ืกืฐืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ื ืกืืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืืกืงื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื˜ื™- 
ืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ --- ืืจื™ื™ื ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ; ืคืืจื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืจืฒื™ึทื ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ.. ื‘ื™ื‘- 
ืœื™ึดืึธื˜ืขืง ืืคื™ืœืข: ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ืืคื™ืœืข; ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ืง, ืื– 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ื”ืฒึทื˜, ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืงืกืœื™ื ื’-ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ื- 
ืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข. 

-- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื•ื™ ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ื™ืžื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืš. 

-- ื“ืขื ืง ืื™ืš, ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื•ืฐืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ-ื ื™ื˜-ืฐื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืžืึธืœ? 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜. 

--- ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ. 

-- ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ. ืืฒึทืขืจืข 
ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืžืื ืขื ื˜ืข, ืึธื˜ ืฐื•ื•ื™... ื‘ื ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื™ืŸ 
ืคึผืืจืง, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. --- ืžืฒึทื ืข ื˜ืขื’, ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื•ืขืœืŸ 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื™ ืงื•ื•ืขืงื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ, ืžืขืจืงื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืฉ... ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐื•ึผื”ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืข? ืคืืจ- 
ืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืื™ึทืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืงืืจื˜ืœ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ ื ืฆื™ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉื™- 
ืœืขื˜-ืงืขืฉืขื ืข. --- ืžื™ืฒึทืŸ ืื“ืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ-ื ื•ืžืขืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืคืจืฒึทืข ืฉื˜ื•ื ื“ืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ 
ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉืžื•ืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• 
ื–ืขืŸ, ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื ื’ืœ ื“ืึธ. 

-- ืขืก ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ--ืื™ืš ื–ืข, ืื– ืื™ืš ืงืึธืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš 
ืคืจื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืš. 

--- ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืงื ื•ืคึผืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื”ืื ื˜ื“ืจื•ืง, ืขืœื’ื. -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ืฉ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืฐื™ ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืข ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ-ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื˜. 

ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื•ืฑื™ึทืœืข, ืจื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืฒึทืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ืข 
ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ 
ื–ื™ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ืขื ื™ื•. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜. ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจืŸ ืื”ื™ื™ื. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ื˜ืืงืกื™ ืื•ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืื”ื™ื™ืžื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ. 


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ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืฐืขืง ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื. ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืจื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข, ื•ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื 
ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื ื™ื™ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจืื“ื™ืึธ, ืฆื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืฐื™ื–ืึธืจ, ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืคืœืกื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืœื˜ืŸ ืืจ- 
ื›ื™ื•ื• -- ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•,. ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืขืก, ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ.. ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜, ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื’ืืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืืคื™- 
ืœืข ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ,ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ" ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข ืคึผืœืืฅ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึธื ืคืจืขื’ืŸ (ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜) ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืœื’ืืŸ. ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ... ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ืœืขืš... 
ื ืึธืš ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื•ืžื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืกืžืึธืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืฉืืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ -- ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 

ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื ืึธืš ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ ืฉื ื™. 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฐืึธื›ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืืœื˜ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืคื•ื˜ืขืจื ืขื ืงืึธืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืืจืืงื•ืœื ืขืจ ืงื•ื˜ืฉืžืข. ืžื™ืกื™ืก ืžื•ื“ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื”ืจืฒื™ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืš ืื•ืคืจืืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืงืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ืึธื ืงื•ึผืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื˜ืœ.-- ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืžืขืก. ื“ื™ ื’ืืกืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข 
ืื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืจืึธืคึผืึธืœื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ,ืงื- 


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ืจืืœืก", ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื–ื ืขืก. ืžืื˜ืึธื ืขืก, ืฆื“ืึธืงืข, ืคึผืจืฒื™ื“ื™ืงืขืจืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืขื ืžืึธืฉื™ึดืขืš, 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืฉื ื™ื™ื™ึดืงืขืจ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืื™ื ืื•ื•ืขืง ื‘ืื ื˜ืขืœืขืฐื™ื–ืึธืจ. ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื- 
ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื’ื•ืก. ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืžืขืก"ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื ื“-- ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก 
ืžื™ืกื™ืก ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžืืง (ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืืœืขืก ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ืืจืขืžื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ื•ื•). ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืกื™ืก ืžื•ื“ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืง-- ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืžืขืก-ืžืื˜ืึธื ืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืฐืขืง ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ื™ 
ื ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื˜ืึธื’. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืืฑืกื’ืขื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ืœืขืจ ืืจื•ื 
ืื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื, ืื•ืŸ, ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ืœืŸ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ืขื ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืขื ืขื ืœืึธืžืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขืžื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ-ืงืœื•ื ื’. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ืคืืจื•ื•ื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ, ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ, 

--- ื”ืืœืึธ... 

-- ื”ืืœืึธ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก? 

-- ื™ืขืก. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืœื’ื. 

--- ืขืœื’ื?! ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ืืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขืžืขืจ ืกื•ืจืคึผืจื™ื–, 

-- ื”ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืžื™ืš, ื–ืข ืื™ืš, 

-- ืื™ืš ืคืืจื’ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 

--- ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš? 

-- ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื•ื˜. ื›'ื’ื™ื™ ืึธืŸ--ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืืงืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืขืœื’ื? 

-- ืื™ืš ื‘ึดื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืขื ืขื“ื™-ืœื•ืคื˜-ืคึผืึธืจื˜. 

-- ืื™ืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื•ืขืง? 

-- ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›'ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืงื”ืึธืœื. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจื‘ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš 
ื’ืขืคืœื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฐืฒึทืข. ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก? 

-- ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืœืฒึทื“ ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคืืจืœื•ืกื˜. 

-- ืก'ืื™ื– ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื˜ื•ืจ. ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ ืืฒึทืš ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืจืขื’ืŸ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก. 
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืื’ ืขืก, ืฐืฒึทืœ.. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื ืคืจืฒึทื“ืขื ืงืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ (ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื˜). ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข. ื“ื•ืจืš 
ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืงื”ืึธืœื, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ืžืฒึทื ืข ื ืคึผืจืฒึทื ื“, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื 
ื ืื›ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ืื™ื–, ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ืืฐืขืงื’ืขืคืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืžืขืก, ืฆื• ืื™ืจืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ. ืื™ืš 
ื”ืืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ืฆื•ืคืืœืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ืขืœ.. ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืขืœื˜. 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’, 
ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืคึผืœืืฅ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš? 

-- ื”ืึธื™ ืขืœื’ื... -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข.---ื ืขืžื˜ ื ื˜ืืงืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืคืืจื˜ืืžืขื ื˜. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื“ืจืขืก? 

-- ื™ืึธ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืงืืจื˜ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ื ื“ืื ืง. ืื™ืš ื ืขื ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ื ื˜ืืงืกื™, 

ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ื ื’ืขื“ืื ืง 
ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืœืึธืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฑื™ืขืš: ืฐืึธืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ื ืฉื™ืงืกืข, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ื ืข ืฉื™ืงืกืข, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืคึผืืจ- 
ื˜ืืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’... -- ื”ื, ื™ืืงื ืขืก, ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื ืข 
ืืœื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจ... ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืงืข... ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ, 
ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฉืคึผืฒึทื” 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื™ืงืŸ. ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื‘ืฒึทืกืŸ ืคืืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ืฆื•ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉืึธ 
ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืฉืึธ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜-ืคึผืึธืจื˜, ืื™ื– ืขืจ 
ืงื•ื™ื ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ. 

ืขื ื“ืœืขืš -- ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ-ื‘ืื“ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืฃ ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– 
ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก... ืขืœื’ื ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ 
ื–ื™ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืืจื•ืคื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ. ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคืขื ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืืœื™ื–ืข, 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ืจืฆืŸ ื–ืฉืืงืขื˜ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืืคึผื™ื•ืฉืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื’ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืืœื™ื–ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ื ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื™- 
ืžืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ึดืข --ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืกืึธืคืข, ื ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึธ-ื˜ื™ืฉืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืึธืžืคึผ ืื•ื - 


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ื˜ืขืจ ื ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ืื‘ืื–ืฉื•ืจ, ืืŸ ืึธืคืŸ ืฉืืคืงืขืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ,--ื ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ื™ืึธืจื ืœืื ื’ ืื–ื•ื™... ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื•ื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜. ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืฐืขืŸ"ื ื™ื˜-ืฐื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ื 
,ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืจ" ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’, ืืจืฒื™ึทื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืื ื™ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืคืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™- 
ื˜ื™ืจืŸ. 

ืขืœื’ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืขื ืข. ืื ื˜ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืฐื™ืœ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’. ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ืืฉ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. 

ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืฉืคึผืฒึทื– ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืฉ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืขื ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืืฃ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ (ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ) ื˜ืขืœืขืจ, ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื’, ื ืคืœืืฉ ืฐืฒึทืŸ, 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืึธืงืืœืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื’ืŸ ืฐื™ ื ื’ืืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืื ื“, ืึธื˜ ืฐื™ 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืก ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขื”ืื˜. 

-- ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืขืกืŸ, ืขืœื’ื. 

--- ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืขืฉืžืืงืŸ ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืขืžืขืก, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคื™ื ืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืึธืงืืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทืŸ. 

-- ืฆื• ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืœื’ื. ืื– ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืืœืขืก ื’ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื. 

-- ื ืฐื•ื ื“ืขืจื‘ืืจืขืจ ื˜ืึธืกื˜, --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึธืงืืœ. 

-- ืื™ื– ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืขืกืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš. ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื“. 

--- ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’... ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืงื”ืึธืœื 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ืฆื•ื ื’ืœื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืงืืœืขื“ื–ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืคื™ืœ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืฑืจืŸ. ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ -- ืฆื• ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืจื™ื™ื“... ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืœืฑื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืงื”ืึธืœื, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ 
ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกืึธืจ ืงืจืึธืคึผืึธืจื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืžื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืืจืื ื–ืฉื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก. 
ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ืข ,ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืฃื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜--ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืื– 
ืก'ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืขืœืขืจ ืœืื’ืข. ืื•ื‘ ืื™ืจ 
ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืื ืฆื™ืขืœืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืจืื ื–ืฉื™ืจื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ. ืฐื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืžืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื ื˜ืืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืจืืœื™ืฉ ืคืืจ" 
ืฉืงืœืืคื˜ืข. ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึธ ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, 
ืื– ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืŸ ืžืึธืจืืœื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ" 
ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง 
ืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืคื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืœืก ื’ืืกื˜. 

-- ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื•ื ื’, ืื– ืžื™ืจ, ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื 
ืกืืš ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข---ืึธื˜, ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืฆื•ึน ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข, ืคืืจื–ืฉื" 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืข ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ืึธืคื˜: ืืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘. 

-- ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืฑืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืจืื“ื™ืงืืœืข ืืกืคึผื™ืจืืฆื™ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขื•ื™ 

-- ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืึธืš ืฐื™ ืžืข ื•ืึธื’ื˜: ื‘ื ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ืกืงืขืœืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืฉืืคืข. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ืึธืคึผื ืืจืŸ, ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืœื™ื’ื ืก, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื”ื™ืคึผืึธืงืจื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ืžืข ืงืึธืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจืฒึท-ืจืึธืžืื ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืืจืขืจืฒึท, ืึธืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืึธืงืจื™ื–ื™ืข, 
ืึธืŸ ืžื•ื™ืจืข. 

--- ื“ืึธืš... ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœืขื ื“ื™- 
ืงืข, --- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืœืขืš, ื–ืขืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืึธื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืงืกื•ื" 
ืœื™ื–ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ื ืก. ื“ื™ ืฆืืจื™ื ืืก. ื“ื™ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ 
ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ื“ืขืžืึธื ืกื˜ืจืื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืคืจืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืขืงืกื•ืขืœืขืจ 
ื‘ืื ืขืžื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœืŸ. ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืืงืขื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืคื•ืคืฆื ื˜ืŸ, ื–ืขื›ืฆื ื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื‘ืขืฆื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื›ืฆื ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืึธืงื. 
ื˜ืฉื™ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื“ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืืžื•ื™ืจืข, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื ื”ืืจื“, ืฉื–ืึธืจื–ืฉ ื–ืื ื“, ื™ืขืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ืขืก, ื–ืึธื™ 
ืœื™ืืก ืื ืื ื", ืคืจืื ืง ื”ืขืจื™ืก, ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืขื™ื™ 


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-- ืžื™ืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืžืึธืคึผืืกืื ืขืŸ, ืืจืฆื™ื‘ืืฉืขื•ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœืขืจ ื’ืึธื•ืืก ,ืžืื™ื" ืื•ืŸ, ืขืžืขืก, ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืจื™ื™ ืžืึธืœืขืจ. ื™ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื. 

-- ืืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืึธืœืกื˜ืึธื™ืก ืงืื ื ืงืืจืขื ื™ื ื" ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึธื‘ืขืจืก ,ืžืื“ืื ื‘ืึธื•ื•ืืจื™" ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื’ืขื“ื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืึธื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข, ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉืงืœืืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืข 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืขืก. ื ืคืืจืฉืงืœืืคื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืžืึธืจื“. ื™ืึธ, ืื™ื‘ืกืขืŸ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจื˜ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืจืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื ืึธืจื", ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื‘ืœืฑื– ื ื˜ื™ืจืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ืฉื ืึธืจื", ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ืคืืจืฉืคึผื™ืœื™ืขื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืงื ืขืคืœื˜ืข ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
;ื˜ืืจืื ื˜ืขืœื". 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ. 

-- ื ืึธืš ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฐืฒึทืŸ?-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 

-- ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื“ืื ืง. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืŸ, ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึธื - 
ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš... ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืขืจื™ืงืŸ... ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ... ืžืืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ,ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ" ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ- 
ืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืžืืจ ื›ืื™ืืžืก ืจื•ื‘ืื™ืื˜. ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืขืจื–? 

-- ื›ื! ืฆื™ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜? ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืก ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ-ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื. ืื™ื™ืกืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื˜ืฆื–ืฉืขืจืืœื“ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื›ืขืœืข ื ืžืื˜ืึธื ืข. 

-- ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜. 

ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืขืกืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืจืื“ื™ืึธ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืข ื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ 
ื‘ืจืืžืก ืคึผื™ืื ืึธื™ืงืึธื ื˜ืฉืขื˜ืึธ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืง. ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื 
ืžื™ืœื“ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธืžืค ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ืคึผืึธื ืขื, 

-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ... 

-- ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ืงืŸ?--- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืฐื•ื™ืœ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ. -- ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื. ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ. ื ืžื™ืŸ ืกืื ืื˜ืึธืจืงื•ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• 
ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื ืคืจืขื’ื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื“ืจืขืก. ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ, 
ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืœืื‘ืึธืจืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข. ืขืจ ืฉืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื ื‘ื•ืš.. ื 
ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืจืื“ืข ื˜ืืœืื ื˜, 
ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš. ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื™ืจื˜ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฉืื ืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ื‘ื ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืขืจื ืกื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืจืŸ. ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืŸ---ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืกืคึผืขืง- 
ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื, 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ, ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืฒืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืขืก-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืื•ืคืจืืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ. ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืืœืขืก, ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืืฉืŸ ืขืก. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ ื ื™ืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืกืฒึทืฐื™ืกืฒึท ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืึธืคึผ- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ. ืฐืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืฐืฑึผ ืขืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึธืคืขื ืข ื•ื•ืืœื™ื–ืข. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜-ืฉืืคืฅ 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืงื™ืฉื ืก, ืœืฒึทืœืขื›ืขืจ, ื ืงืึธืœื“ืจืข, ื”ืื ื˜ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืข ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื–ืื›ืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืฉืœืึธืฃ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืฉ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืคื™ืœืŸ ืฐื™ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื. 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ืคืจืึธื ื˜-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืขืœืขืฐื™ื–ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ืฒึทืก. ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ืฉืึธ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืžืื’ืึธื’ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืึธืงืจื™ื–ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคึผืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜..-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. 

-- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ,ืขืคื™ืงื•ืจ", ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืฉืคึผืขื˜. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 
ืคื™ื ืฃ ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ืื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฆื•ืคึผืืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืงื”ืึธืœื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืข- 
ืกื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฐืึธื’ืขืจืก ื’ืขื•ืฐืฑื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืคืœืขื’ ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืื›ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš 
ืฐื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก. ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ืฉืœืึธืคึผืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืคืจื™... 

-- ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืงื™ืžืื˜. 

-- ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ---ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืžื™ื“ ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ... ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืื›ื˜, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก. 

-- ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืื›ื˜, ืขืœื’ื. ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข-ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. 

-- ื“ื–ืฉืื ืกืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื™ืึธื”ืื ืกืขืŸ. 

-- ืฉืœืึธืคึผื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜. 


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--- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ. ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืื›ื˜. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜. ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืฉ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืœืึธืฃ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคึผืŸืฃ ืœื™ื’ื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, 
ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืขื˜, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืฐื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื•ืขื’ืŸื™ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก... ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืื ืฉืœืึธืคึผืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’, ืฐื™ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’. ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืึธืŸ ืขืœื’ืืŸ. ืฉืœืึธืคื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื’ื•ื˜ื™ 
ื“ื™ ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืฒื“ื˜. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื”ืืœื‘-ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืืจื•ื. ื“ืขืจ" 
ืคื™ืœื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืืจืึธืคึผื’ืฒืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืฉ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื›ืืœืื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืง" 
ืฉื™ืš. ืื•ืŸ, ืืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืฉ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื‘ืืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืื ื™ื“ืขืจืฆื•ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื“ื™ 
ื–ื™ืฆืŸ, ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’ื™ืงืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸื™ ืฐืึธืก ืฉื•ื•ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืš. ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืข- 
ื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ. ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜, ืฐื™ ืขืก ื’ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ. ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืฉ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืงืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืจ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข... ื”ืึธืก ืขืจ 
ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคื™ื ืฃ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืœื‘-ืึธืคึผืขื ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื ืฉื™ึทืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืคึผืืก ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืขื ืขื ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืœืึธืžืคึผ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืืฅ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ, ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขืžื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทืกืŸ, ื ืืงืขื˜ืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื ืขืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืœืขื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ-- ืœืื ื’ืข 
ืคื™ืก... ืฉื™ื™ืŸ-ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื˜ืข ื‘ืจื™ืกื˜ืŸ... ื ืคืœืื›ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืฉืขืคื“ื™ืงืขืจ, ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืคื™ืœืข 
ืฐื•ื™ึทื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืจ, ืคืืจื ืขืคึผืœื˜ืขืจ ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืข ื ืฉืœืึธื’ 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืื ืึธืข, ื ื”ืื ืึธืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืกืืš 
ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜. 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ, ืฐื™ื™ึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก,. ืงื•ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงืขืžื˜ ืื™ืจืข 
ื”ืึธืจ. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืื•ืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงืœืืคึผื ื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื ืœืึธื– ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฉืœืึธืฃ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขืก. 
ืื ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืžืื˜ืึธื ืข ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ 
ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื’ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ... ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจืื“ืข ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš, ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ืคึผื™ืœืคึผืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืืฐื•ืข-ืคึผืขืจืงืึธืœืื˜ืึธืจ. ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืืฉ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ื’ืขื•ื•ืืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืšื™ 
ืคืืจืงืขืžื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืขื ืขืจืŸ ื›ืืœืื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืš. 

--- ื ื’ื•ื˜ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ืขืœื’ื. 

-- ื ื’ื•ื˜ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก. 

--- ืคืืจื’ืขืกื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ,ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ" -- ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื™ืืงื ืขืกื™ ืื™ืš ื–ืข, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื’ืื ืฅ 
ื’ื•ื˜ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜. 

--- ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืฉื•ืœืขืกื™ 

--- ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืคืŸ ื’ื•ื˜? 

-- ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜. ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืจื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงื™ืœืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅื™ 

-- ืงืขื– ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ืึธืŸ? ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืœ 

-- ื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืงืื•ื•ืข ืคืจื™ืขืจ, 
ืฆื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ? 

-- ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืจืื ืฆืŸ-ื–ืืคื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืื‘ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคึผื™ืœ. ืื™ืš ื–ืข, 
ืื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคึผืจืขื’ืœื˜ืข ืื™ื™ืขืจ... ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ื˜ื™ืฉ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื‘ืจื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืคื˜ืœืขืš ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœ ืื™ืšื™ื™ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขื, ื›ื-ื›ื... 

--- ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืงืขื›ืขืจ. 

-- ืืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืžืขื’ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. 

ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง. ื’ืขืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืืŸ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ืกืขืจื˜ืืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืข. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจ" 
ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. : 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืืœืขืก ืื™ืŸ 
ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’,. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ {ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื˜ืฉ-ื•ื•ื™ืœืขื“ื–ืฉ. ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืžืขื‘ืœื™ืจื˜ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– 


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ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืฆื™ ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื. ืฐืฒึทืœ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืึธื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืข 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื‘ืœืฑื– ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื’, ืฆื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื ื“ืŸ. ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื ืงื•ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ,ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง ื˜ืฒึทืžืก* ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธื›ืืžืึธืœ ืคื•ื ื“ืื ืขืŸ... ---ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ. ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜. 

-- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื’ืืกื˜, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ---ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืึธื™ื•ื ื˜ 
ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ;ืืžื‘ืืกืื“ืึธืจ", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜. 

ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฆืขืฉืึธืงืœื˜ืขืจ ืจื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. 
ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข-ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ---ืืœืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’. ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฐื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืš, ื”ืขืžื™ื ื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ;ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืื", ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ืœืขื’ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉืขืœืข ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืืœื™ื–ืข ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜. 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืจื•ื ืคื™ื ืฃ. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืฐื ื˜ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ, 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืœืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื‘ื ื ื˜ื™ืฉ? ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ. 
ืงื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืขื˜ืจืื ืงืขืŸ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื™ืฉ. ืืœืขืจืœื™ื™ ืกืืœืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืื•ื•ืข. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ืจืข ื˜ืึธื’-ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข (ืื•ื™ืš ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ) ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื”ืึธืœืคืŸ; ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข ืงืขืœื ืขืจื ืก-- ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจื- 
ื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜-ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืข, ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ืข ืงืขืœื ืขืจื ืก; ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืื™ื– ื ืฉืจืขืง ืืจืฒึทื ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ! ื“ื™ ืงืขืœื ืขืจื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ" ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ืืœืก 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืกืœืึธื–ืข --- ื–ื™, ืขืœื’ื, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“ ื ืคื™ื ืฃ-ื–ืขืงืก ืฐืึธื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื“ืจืขืก, ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ื ื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ. ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืขื‘ืœื™ืจื˜ืข ืฆื™- 
ืžืขืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืงื•ื™ื ืื ื˜ืœืึธืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜--- 
ื ื–ืืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ืึธืคึผื™ ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื–ื™ ืฐื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขื–ื™ื’ื ืืฆื™ืข-ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืขืคึผืขืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™, ืฐืขื˜ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

-- ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜,-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื ืงืœืืคึผ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืื ื˜. -- ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธืจื’ื˜. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ ืฐื™ ืœืื ื’ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– 
ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื‘ืืฉืขืคื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืžื•ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืจืื›ืžืึธื ืขืกื™ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ ืื–ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ... ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื.. 
ื ืฒึทื“ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืคึผืืจื˜ืืžืขื ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš. 

-- ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ืืคื™ืœืข ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก, 

-- ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ. ืคื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืคืืจื˜ื- 
ืžืขื ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืื ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืžืฒึทื ืข... ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขื›ืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ... ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ, ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืคืืจื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืš ืืฃ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืฆืฒึทื˜. ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืฐื™ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 
ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš. ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืคื™ืœื˜. ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื ืึธื‘ืœื™ื’ืืฆื™ืขืก. 

-- ื ื“ืื ืง.. ื™ืืงื ืขืก. ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื˜ืึธื’, ืฆืฐื™ื™.. ืฆื™ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื 
ื ืฒึทืขื ื™ืึธืจ. ืื™ืš ืขืœ ื–ืขืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ. 

-- ื’ื•ื˜. ืื™ืš ื•ื™ื™ืก--ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆืขื ืžื™ืœื™ืึทื ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืžืขื˜ืจืึธืคึผืึธืœื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœืฑื– ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜, ืฆื™ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ. ืืžืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜, 


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ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึทืข ื™ืึธืจ. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืฐื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื ื™ื™ื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ 
ื ื’ืขืฉืžืืงืŸ ืžืึธืœืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืกื™ืก ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืึธื’ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜. ื–ื™, ืžื™ืกื™ืก ืžื•ื“ื™, 
ื ื™ื˜ ืฐื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื• 
ืขืœื’ืืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืืงื ืขืกืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืœื’ืืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืคืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืขืžืขืก ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื’ืฒืขื - 
ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืฒึทื’ืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• 
ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืฐืขืจ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธ ื‘ื ื“ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก. 

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืฐื™ื–ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื ืฆืฐืขืœืฃ ื‘ืื ืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ื™ื ื™ืึธืŸ-ืกืงื•ื•ืขืจ" ื“ื™ 
ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื ืฒึทืขื ื™ืึธืจ, ืื•ึนืŸ ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื’ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ 
ืฆื•ื•ืขืœืฃ. ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืžืฒื™ื˜ืขืจืฒึท, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขื•ื™ื–ื™ืข, 
ื’ืขื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ืกืœืขืš ืจื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืึธื ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื ื’ื•ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจึถืข ืฉืœืึธืฃ-ืฆื™ืžืขืจืŸ -- ื™ืืงื ืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 


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ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ืงื•ืฉื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืจ ื”ืื ื˜. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื ืึธืš ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืขืœื’ื ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื " 
ื˜ื•ื™ืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืขืงืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขืงืกืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืขืจืœื™ ืงืขื–ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ 
ืžืืกืœื™ื ืขืก, ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ; ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฐืึธืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ ืึธื ื”ืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจืข ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืŸ. ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื ื“ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™" 
ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ื‘ืื ืคืจื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ืขืœื’ื... ืื™ืš ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืกืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืื™ืš ืฐื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืขืก 
ืืฑืกื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืก ืึธื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒึทื ืงื•ื ืคื˜. ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง, ืืคื™ืœืข 
ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜, ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ื“ืึธืœืืจืŸ. ืื™ืš ื“ืขื ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื™ืœ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœื˜ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ื“ืึธืœืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš; ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ ืึธืŸ ืฉืจืขืง ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ (ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื ืงืึธื ืฐืขืจื˜) ืคื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืึธืœืขืจ ื ื”ืืœืฐืึธืข. ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืืฆืึธืœืŸ 
ืืฒึทืขืจืข ื›ื•ื™ื•ื•ืขืก. ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜. ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธืžื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ ืืฒึทืขืจ ืฉืžื™ื›ืœ. 

ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื 
ื ืงื•ืฉ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ. ืžื™ืกื™ืก ืžื•ื“ื™ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ื“ืจืฒึท 
ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืš. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืœื’ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ-- 
ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืืฒื ืžืึธืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืงื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืฐื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืืงื ืขืก ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ ืฆื•. ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ืžืคืึธื ื™ืข. ื ืคึผืึธืจ. ืžืึธืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื˜ืึธื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ื ืขืžื˜ 
ื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผืฆื•ื’ืฒืŸ, ืื ื™ื“ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื 
ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืืงืขื˜ืงืฒึทื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคึผื™ืจื ื“ืขืจ: ืก'ืื™ื– ื˜ืืงืข ื 
ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืืงืขื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ืžื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจื˜ืขื˜, ืึธืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก... ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื ื™ื“ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ --- ื ื™ื™ืŸ. 
ืื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง, ืคืืจืงื™ืœื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™, ืฐื™ ื ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ืงืจืื ืงืŸ" 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืŸ-ื˜ืื‘ืœืขื˜ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ื•ืขื˜ืฉื˜ ืคืืจ 
ืื™ื ืžืืจืื ืฆืŸ-ื–ืืคื˜, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืืœ. 

--- ืื™ืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ, ืงืจืื ืงืŸ-ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. 

--- ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื™ืืงื ืขืก. --- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืคึผืจืขืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืืฒื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืื”ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื•ื™ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš. ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืกื ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื’ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง ื’ืข" 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 

-- ื™ืืงื ืขืก... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืฒึทืก. 

-- ื™ืึธ? ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ืฒึทืก ืื™ื– ื ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื–ืืš. 

-- ื“ืขืจ ;ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ* ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืขืคื ื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืฒ 
ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืขืจ -- ืื•ื™ืš ื ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ. 

ื™ืืงื ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜, ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืฐื•ื™ ืž'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ื ืื™ื. 

--- ืื™ืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ืื•ืžื‘ืืงื•ื•ืขื, ืขืœื’ื? 

-- ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืขื, ืฐื™ ื“ืึธ ื‘ื ืืฒึทืšื™ 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ... ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืคึผืืกื™ื•ื•ืข ื’ืขื ื™ืกืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื“ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ืก. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฐื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ 
ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืงืขืžืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜, ืขืคึผืขืก ืฉืฐืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฆื™ืœ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ 
ื›ื•ื™ื•ื•ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒึทืš, ืžืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก -- ืื™ืš 
ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™. ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’. 

-- ื ื“ืื ืง. ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืคืจืขืžื“ื˜. 

--- ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸื™ื™. 

--- ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ. 

--- ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜ ื“ืึธ. 

-- ื™ืึธ. ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืื›ื˜ ื“ืึธ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข, ืจื•ื™ื™ืงืข ื ืขื›ื˜. 


ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ื–ืขืงืก ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขื 
ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ื ืคื™ืจ, ืคื™ื ืฃ ืžืึธืœ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 
ืึธื ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, ืฆื™ ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฆื™ ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ืึธืš ืฆื• ืฆื• ื’ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ืžืคืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง, ืฆื™ ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคืืจ 
ืื™ืจ... ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื“ืจืขืก. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ืฆื• ืฆื•ื™ื™ 
ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืœืืจ ืื™ืขื“ืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืึธืฐื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืืฑืกืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคืข, ื‘ืจื•- 
ืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžืข ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฉืฐื•ืขื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืืงืฆืขื ื˜. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื• 
ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืœืขืก ืืจื•ื ืื™ื ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ื“ืขื ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืึธื˜, 
ื ืึธืš ื ืคึทึผืึธืจ ื›ืื“ืึธืฉื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ืก'ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืงืก-ืื•ืŸ-ืื›ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ;ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ"--- ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ 
ืคื•ื ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทื˜ื ืก, 

ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื‘ื•ืงืขื˜ ืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ,. ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืื– 
ื–ื™ ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ,ืขืคื™ืงื•ืจ". ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืืœืก ืกืขืงืจืข- 
ื˜ืืจืŸ ื‘ืื ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกืึธืจ ืงืจืึธืคืึธืจื“. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืฐื•ึผื ืขืจื‘ืืจืข ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืฒึทื’ื™ื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ; ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื 
ืงื•ืง ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜: ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืขืคึผืขืก ื ืžื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืฉื™ื ืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ื™ืš... ืฐื™ ื ื›ืึธืœืขื... | 

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื•ืขืง ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืึธืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ึนื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืคืืจ 
ืื™ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืฆื• , ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ืขืœืฃ ืงื•ื•ืืจื˜ืืœืŸ" ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืืฆื™ืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ 
ื˜ืึธื’. ืžื™ืกื™ืก ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื‘ืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ืฆื•ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืš. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ 
ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืœืขื ื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ึนืœ. ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข--- ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ โ€ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ. 
ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืš. (ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–--- 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ืืœื™ื“. ืขืก. ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืฒึทืข ื™ืึธืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืืœื˜ืŸ (ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื˜ืขื’ืขืจืืคื™ืฉ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื˜) ื ื‘ื•ืงืขื˜ ื‘ืœื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœื’ืืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืžืืžืขืฉ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขื›ืืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืจื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืฉืคึผืข- 
ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืขื•ื•ืื ืกื˜ืึธืŸ (ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืื’ืึธ), ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฐื™ ื ืฉืฒื™ึทื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืœืขืžืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ 
ืžื•ื™ืขืš, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜,. ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืงืขืœืข ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืœืขื’ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกืึธืฆื™ึดืืœ-ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ 
ืคืืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ืืฆื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš (ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื•ืฉื™ืงืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ). ืขืจื™ืง ืื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื ืึธื•ื•ืขืœืข. ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ 
ื ืžืขืจ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื (ื ื™ื˜ ื ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’-ืืจื‘ืขื˜-- 
ืื•ื™ืš. ืคื™ืงืฆื™ืข). ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงืจืื ืง. ื”ืืœื‘ ืคึผืืจืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื - 
ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื ื“ื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื, 
ืคื•ืŸ (ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ) ื™ืืงื ืขืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฐืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ืคืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ,ืขืคึผื™ืงื•ืจ" (?)... 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ. ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ืขืŸ 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืขืกืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ืขืคึผืขืก ื 
ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืฉื˜ืขื›ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื“ื–. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืื•ื‘ ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ืขืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื˜ืืงืกื™ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜, ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื•ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืืŸ ืืžื‘ื•ืœืื ืก. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื 
ื˜ืืงืกื™. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ื: ื ืงืืจื“ื™ืึธื’ืจืื, ืืŸ ืขืงืก-ืจืขื™; ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืืคึผื˜, 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœืืคึผื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืฐื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืžื•ื˜ืฉืขื˜. ืืฃ ื“ืขื 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜-ื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ื– ื”ื•ื™ืš, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ื 
ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ, ืื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ื ืคื™ื ืฃ, ื–ืขืงืก ื˜ืขื’. ืขืก 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืขืจื ืกื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืฐืึธืจืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ึทืขืœืข ื’ืขืคืืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืฐื™ื“ืขืจื”ืึธืœืŸ... ืฐืขื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ, 


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ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทืขื ื™ื“ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื, ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืืคึผืŸ ืฆื™ ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื - 
ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืฉื˜ืขื›ืขื ื™ืฉ (ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜. ื“ืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื–ื™ 
ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืœืืฆื˜). ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ ื‘ืื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื " 
ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง |(ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืื“ื™ืึธ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื ื“ื™ึธืืœืึธื’ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš: --- ืžื™ื›ืœ ื™ืืงื ืขืก, ืžืข ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง. ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืฐื™ ื“ื• ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืฒื™ 
ืก'ื”ืืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ. ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ืื‘ืกืึธืœื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ืงืฒึทื˜. -- ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ืฐื™ืœืกื˜ื• 
ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืงืœืึธื’ืŸ? ---ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ืฒึท ืจื•ื™ืง. ื˜ืืคึผ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืคึผ ื‘ื ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืง" 
ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืื ืื˜ืึธืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืื ื™ืคืขืกื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจืคึผืขืจ. ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ื•, ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื˜ืขืจื™ืขืก? ืฐื™ืœืกื˜ ื˜ืืงืข ื“ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ 
ืึธืคึผืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง! ---ื ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœื˜. ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง. ืฆื•ื’ืข- 
ื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ. ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ-ื‘ื™ื›ืœ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืจืขื“ืœ: 

-- ื”ืืœืึธ... ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืืŸ?.. ื”ืืœืึธ... ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืืŸ? ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก... ื™ืข... ื™ืข... ื ืœืื ื’ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš. ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฒื™ 
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื–ืขืŸ?.. ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื’ื•ื˜. ื’ื•ื˜. ืื™ืš ืฐืขืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคื™ืก ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ. ื’ื•ื“ื‘ื™ื™. 

ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื˜ ืฐื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื‘ืŸ. ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืœ ื 
ืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื’ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืขืก. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื˜ื™ืฉ. ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจ, ืงืึธื ืฐืขืจื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืขื–ื™ 
ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ืืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ืขืœื’ืืŸื™ 

ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืื ืก ืึธืคื™ืก. 
ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื ื ื™ื˜-ืึธื ื’ืขืฆื•ื ื“ืขื ืขื ืกื™ื’ืืจืขื˜. 

--- ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜. 

--- ื™ืึธ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก. ืื™ืš ืฉื˜ื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจื˜, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืœืื ื’, 

-- ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืœื“ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื ืฉืœืึธื’ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื›ืฆื™ืง. ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ื”ื? ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืœืื’" 
ื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ. 

-- ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืฉื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’, ื‘ื™ื– ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง. ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก. 

--- ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ึทื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืคืืจืžืึธื’, 

-- ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึธื’ ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื– ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืš. 

--- ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืงืึธืŸ ืขืก ืืจืฒึทื ืคืืœืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธื ืงืœ ืกืขื". 

--- ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก... ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ! ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ื? 

== ืงื™ื™ื ืขื. 

-- ืงื™ื™ื ืขื? ืื‘ืกืึธืœื™ื•ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื? ืขืก ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก ื“ื™ ืžืื–ืœื“ื™ืงืข. 

--- ื”ืž... ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข, ื ืคึผืึธืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืฐืขืจื˜. 
ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืข ืฆืขื˜ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜.-- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืข" 
ื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื–ืขื-ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ื ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื™ื“ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืื ืขืฃ-- 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืš, ืื– ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก, 
ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ ื–ื™ืš โ€ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื™ืขืš, ืฐื™ ืื‘ืกื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ืขืก. ืื™ืš ื•ื™ื™ืก.. ืื™ืš ื•ื™ื™ืก.. ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ืžืขืจ ืคึผืจืืงื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืžืขืจ ืึธื ื–ืขืŸ, ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ืคืืœื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืฆื• ื 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜, ืฆื• ื ืงืึธืžื•ื ืืœืขืจ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืฆื• ื ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืข. ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืขืก 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืื‘ืกื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ืข. ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก-ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜. 

-- ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืขืžืขืฆืŸ, ืฆื™ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ? 

-- ื™ืึธ. ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืŸ ,ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขืจื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ* ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื•ื ื’. ืขืก ืฐื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™... ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืคืจื™ื™ื“, 
ืฐืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข ืฆื• ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข... ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื•ืคื’ืขืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืขื ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื“... 

-- ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืคืืจืžืขื’ื ืก, ืฐื™ ื”ืฒึทื–ืขืจ. ืืœืขืก ืื™ื– 
ื‘ื ืืฒึทืš ืื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืงืฆื™ืขืก. ืื™ื– ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ? 

-- ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืฒื™ื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืืคืืจื˜ืืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื’ืขื“ื•ื ื’ืขื ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืืœืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื: ืžืขื‘ืœ, ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, ื˜ืขืคึผื™ื›ืขืจ, ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื’ืขืคืขืก, ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ" 
ื•ื•ืืจื’,. ื˜ืขืœืขืฐืฑื™ื–ืึธืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜--- ืืœืขืก ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืœืึธื– ืื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื™. ื 


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ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืคืจื•ื™, ืฐื•ืึธืก ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื ืžื™ืจ. ื–ื™ ืงืึธืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ ื•ืœ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜. ืื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ืฐืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื“ืจืขืก, 

-- ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ื”ืืจืฆื™ืง, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืžืื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ื 
ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืื˜ืŸ, ืžืฒึทื ืข ืืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ,ืฐืึธืœืกื˜ืจื™ื˜"---ืืœืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฐืึธืœื˜- 
ืงืขืกื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื ืง. ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ืฐืขืจื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื“ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ, ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืœืึธื– ื“ืึธืก ืืœืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืžืื›ืŸ ืืœืข ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง. ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ืงืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, 
ืืฒึทืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกืขืงืจืขื˜ืืจื ืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืก. 

-- ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฐืขืœืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืืคึผื™ืจืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืง. ื“ืขื ืขืžืขืก 
ื–ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืง, ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ืš ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ืŸ 
ืคืืจืžืขื’ืŸ. ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. 

-- ืขืœื’ื ื“ื–ืฉืื ืกืขืŸ. ื“ื–ืฉืื ืกืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื–ืฉืื ืกืึธืŸ. ืขืœื’ื ื“ื–ืฉืื ืกืขืŸ. 

-- ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™? ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš?--ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฐื•ื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื ืงื•ืง 
ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ื. 

-- ื ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜. 

-- ืคื•ืŸ... ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข? ืฐื™ ืืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™? 

-- ืื™ืฆื˜... ื ื™ืึธืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื™ืง. 

ื ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืขืคืฉืขืจ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืืŸ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืจืขื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ; 

-- ืคืืจื”ื™ื™ืจืื˜? 

--- ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžืืŸ , ืงืืžืขืŸ ืœืึธื•" ืื•ืžืคืืจื”ื™ื™ืจืื˜ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜. 

ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืฐืฒึทืœืข ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžืึธื“ื ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธื ืขื 
ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜; 

-- ืื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก... ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™... ืื–ื ื™ื•ื ื’ืข. ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ ืฆื• ืืฒึทืš? 

-- ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืขืก ืืฒึทืš ื‘ืืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ืืฒึทืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืžืืžื–ืขืจ?--- ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืขืจ ืฐื™ ื’ืขืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืื ืก ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. -- ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืขืจ ื ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืขืจ. 

-- ืื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืืกื˜. 

--- ืžื•ื– ืื™ืš ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ? ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืคืึธื”ืขืจื˜ ืขืก? 
ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืข ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืขืก ืคืืจ ืงืขืฅ, ืคืืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜? 

-- ื ื™ื™ืŸ. 

-- ืื™ื– ืœืึธืžื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืืŸ, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜: ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜, ืื– ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืจืข ืฉื™ื™ื ืข, ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืขืœืข ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื“ืึธ ืฉืืคื˜. 

-- ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืืงื˜ื™ืง. ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜, ืื– ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ 
ืืฒึทืš, ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงื ืขืก... ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขื ื“ืขืจืฉืฒืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ืžืึธื“ื ืขื ืœื™ื›ื˜. 

-- ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ืžื™ืŸ ืœืขืฅ? 

-- ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ื ืงืึธืžื™ืฉืข ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ --- ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืก. 

-- ื’ื•ื˜, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš. ืฐืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืืฐืึธืข, ืื– ืกื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืื•ืžื’ืขื–ืขืฆืœืขื›ืข ื“ืจื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš. ื ืฆืืฐืึธืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืš ืžืืš ื‘ื ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœืŸ 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“. 

-- ืื™ืจ ืžืขื’ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื. 

-- ื’ื•ื˜. -- ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื˜. 

ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื”ื™ื™ื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ืึธืš. ืื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜, ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืžืึธืœ- 
ืฆืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืื“ื™ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื’ืจื™ื’ืก ืคึผื™ืึทื ืึธื“ืงืึธื ื˜ืฉืขื˜ืึธ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืฉืขื˜ืึธ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื›ื˜: ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจื•ื•ืขื’ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืฐืขื“ืŸ ืขืœื’ื 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืงืื ื“ื™ื ืื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ืืœื‘-ืื™ื ื“ื–ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, 
ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืืฆื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืื’ื™ื™ืคืข... ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืžืื˜ืึธื ืข ืฆื• ื ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืข- 
ื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง... ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ืื™ืจ ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ... ื‘ื... ืž'ืงืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ืงื•ื™ืจื˜ืžืืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, 
ืื– ื–ื™, ืขืœื’ื, ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทื ืข, ืžื™ื›ืœ ื™ืืงื ืขืกืขืก ื ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ... ื ืžืืžื–ืขืจ... ื‘ื... 


ื˜ืฉื™ืงืื’ืึธ 1972 


ืžื™ื˜ 45 ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื“ืขื 17--21 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ 1917 ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื™ื–ืขื 
ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก. ืก'ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืข 


ื™ื™ืฉืฐืฑื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืคืืจื˜ื™ืฒื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข 
ืฐืขืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื“ืจืึธืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืฆืื“ 
ื“ืขื ืคืืฉื™ื–ืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข. 

ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื˜ืœืขื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืงืึทื ื’ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฑื™ืฉืข ืึถึทืœึต- 
ื’ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ืึธืคึผืื˜ืึธืฉื• 


ื 
ื•ื™ื 
ืœืฆื ืื™4ื’ 
ืคืืจ ืจื” 


ื™ืื ืื’ืขืŸ.4 - = ืฉื™ื˜ } ืื˜ 


ื 


ืฉ ื“ืขืจ 


ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ืึทืœื’ื™ืŸ 


ืคืืจ ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ืฐืขืจ 
ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ-ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ 


ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก 


ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ 
ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ 


ื’ืขืงื™ืจืฆื˜. 


140 


ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ--ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• 
ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืฉืžื™ื“ืŸ ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืฐืึธืก. 
ื–ืึธืœ, ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ; 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืื•ืคื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืืฃ ื 
ื”ืขื›ืขืจืขืจ ืžืื“ืจื™ื™ื’ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜---ื–ื™ 
ืžืื›ืŸ ืื™ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ, ืื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ ืคื™ืœื–ื™ื™ื˜ื™- 
ืงืขืจ, ืื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื–ืืžืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜: ืคื•ืœ- 
ื‘ืœื•ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, -- ื–ื™ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคึผื•ืœืกื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ; ื“ืจื™ื˜ื ืก, ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืฆืขื:; 
ืกื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืฆื• ืึธื ืฒื™ื’ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืœืฅ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ ืฉืืฆืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืืคืŸ ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจ, ืื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ-- 
ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืืจืข, ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืกืคื•ืœืข ืคืึธืœืงืก- 
ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ --ื ืฒึทืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืฉืขืคืขืจ, ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจ, 
ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ, ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ื•ื™ ื 
ืคึผืฑืขืœ-ื™ื•ื™ืฆืข ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืฉื™ื•ื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ (40416240 0034 ,1086) ืขืคืฉืขืจ 
ืคืืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉืŸ ืžืืฆืขื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื•ื•ื™ืก ืคืืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ, ืฉืจืฒื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืœืขืจืขืจ, ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ืžืึธืœืขืจ, 
ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ืึธืจ,. ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื•ืจื’, ืืงื˜ื™ืึธืจ, 
ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœื™ืกื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื–ืืžืœื˜ -- ื–ื™ืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง--ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ. ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’, ืื– ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืข- 
ื ืขืŸ ืฉืฐืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ ื’ืื ืฅ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข 
ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ื›ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’, ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื™ื›- 
ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ, ืื– ืงืœืึธืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืคืŸ 
ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ืฐื•ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืืœื™ื–ื™ืจ- 
ื‘ืืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜-ืฉื ื•ืจ, 
ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก- 
ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฑื’ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง, ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ืฆ- 
ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืืงืฆื™ืข. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ืึธื›ืื ืื ื“ ื’ืขื“ืขื - 
ืงืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ื’ื ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ืขื•ื ื’ืขืŸ,. ื“ืขื ืคืืจื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื ื™ืข --ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ืฆื• 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, 

ืื–ื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืึธ- 
ื ืึธืžื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืงืจื™ืฐื•ื“ืขื˜ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืจืขืคึผืืฉื ื™ืงืขืก, 
ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึธืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• 
;ืžืื›ืŸ ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ", ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืฃ 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ื- 
ื˜ืืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืžืขื’ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“, ืึธื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืข, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื•ื 
ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืฐื™ืจ; ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืกืึธืฆื™ื- 
ืœืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒื™ื˜ ืžืขื’ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื•ืžื’ืขืฆื•ื™ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ -- ืฐื•ื™ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืง- 
ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื‘ืื ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ -- ืžื™ื˜ ืกืคื™ื™ืงืขืก 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ-ืขืก-ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืฉืืคืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจื˜ืฑื–ื ื˜-ืœืื ื’ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืŸ ืื•ืžืจืขื›ื˜. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ 
ืฆื• ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื–ืืžืข 
ืงืจืืคื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืจื™ืกื˜ื- 
ืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื -- ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื --- ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ื•ื™ ื 


ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ื•ืœืื˜, ืฐื™ ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื, ืคืืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืืœืข- 
ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืกืข ืึธื ื”ืขื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. 
ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผื™ืขืœืข ืงืขื’ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™- 
ื“ืขืืœ,. ื‘ืืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™- 
ื“ืขืืœ -- ืึธืคึผื ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ื•ื™ 
ืื™ื ืฆื• ืจืขืืœื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ---ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, 

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ื“ืจืื ื’ ืฆื• ืคืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜, ื 
ื“ืจืื ื’ ืฆื• ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜, ื ื“ืจืื ื’ 
ืฆื• ืคืืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื 
ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืฉืข ืงืจืืคื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•- 
ืงืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก. ืžืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื›ื™ื“ื™ื 
ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืฑืกืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืžืืกื™ื•ื• ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืคึผืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืคื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืฃ ืจืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืจื- 
ื“ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ,. ืžืขื’ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ื‘ืจื•- 
ื˜ืืœืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง---ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ--- 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฐืฒึทืœื™ืง ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง: ื“ืึธืก 
ืคืึธืœืง, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜, ืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธื›ื- 
ื ืื ื“ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก. ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืึธื˜ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ 
ืื™ื– ืืœืขืžืึธืœ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•, 

ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ึนื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ืึธืคึผืฆื•ื˜ืฒืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืืฒึทื ืฆื•ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืขื˜. ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืžืึธืœ ืž'ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ , ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืขืจ* ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜, ืื– ืื™ืŸ 
5 ืึธื“ืขืจ 40 ืึธื“ืขืจ 50 ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืก ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืืฒึทื ืคืœื•ืกืจืฒึทื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ืงืึธืžืคึผืขื˜ืขื ื˜ืข 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ 25 ื™ืึธืจ, ืื– 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืขืจื˜ืœ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžื™ื’ืจืืฆื™ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœืŸ 
ืืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ 
ืื•ืŸ ---,ืื™ืคืกื ืคืืงื˜ืึธ" ื–ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ -- ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืœืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื’ื ืึธื–, 

ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื˜, 
ืื– ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฐื™ ื ืคืึธืœืง, ืื– 
ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื™ืึธื›ื™ื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืœืืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื™ืœ 
ื‘ืื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืจืขื›ื˜, ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกื•ื™ื ืข, ืฐื•ื™ 
ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืขืจ ืžืืกืงืข ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ื˜, ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืฐื™ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืข, 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ 
ื’ื™ืœื˜ ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืœืื ื“, ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ื ืขื ื˜, 
ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ื ืื•ื™ืกื ืื. ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืืกืข ืื™ื– 
ื‘ืขื“ืขืจืขืš ืงืœืืœ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ,ื™ื™ึทืš- 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ". ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ-ื™ื™ื“, ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ื’ื - 
ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื“ืจืืžืข. ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง, ื“ื™ ืžืืกืข ืื™ื– 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืืจืขืจ ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ 
ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข ื’ืขื•ื™ืงืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืึธืก 
ืคืึธืœืง--- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ ืฉืขืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ืžืึธืก ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืขื ืขื’ื™ื™ืข ืืœืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก 


17 


ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ ื‘ืขื ืขื’ื™ื™ืข ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื™ืขื“ืข ืคึผืขืจ- 
ื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืืคืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆ- 
ื˜ืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืคืขืจื˜ืœ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจ ืžืืกืข. ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ื‘ื˜ืขืจ, 
ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื•ืจื’ืŸ, ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจ, ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจืก, ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคืึธืœืง --- ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืžื˜? ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจืขืžืฉืืคื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืจืขืคึผืืฉื ืข ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืขืก. 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืืฆื˜? ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง. ืฐื•ึผ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืขื ืกืืฆื™ืข ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืึธืคื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ืึธื ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•- 
ืจืฒึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื ื›ื•ื™ืฉืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื›ืŸ, 
ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืฒึทืข ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืŸ? ื‘ื 
ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ, ืคื•ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืฉืœืึธื’ื ื“ื™- 
ืงืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจืขืง. ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืžืคึผืขื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืขื”ืึธืœืข-ืื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื ืœืึธื– ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืฐื™ื™ื˜ืŸ-ืฉื™ื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉื˜ืจืึธื ืœื•ื™ืคื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืขื›ืขืจ. ื‘ืืœื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืืฒึทืœืขื ื™ืฉ ื ื‘ื- 
ื–ืขืฅ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืึธื˜ืืœ-ืคืจืขืžื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืœืื ื“ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธืจืขืคึผืืฉื ืข 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื–ืึธืจื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ: ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜. 
ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฉืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื ืฐืึธืจืฃ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ืกื•ื•ืขื˜-ืฉืืคึผ. ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืข ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจืขืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืŸ ื ื™ืฐืึธ. 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ืฅ ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฐื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. 
ื“ื™ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืข- 
ื“ืขืจืขืš ืงืœืืœ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืืกื™- 
ืžื™ืœื™ืืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ื“ื™ 
ืžืืกืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื™,. ืฆืขื‘ืจืขืงืœื˜, ื˜ืฒืœืฐืฒึทื– 
ื“ืขืžืึธืจืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื 
ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. 

ื ืคืึธืœืง, ืฐืึธืก ืฉืืคื˜, ื ืคืึธืœืง, ืฐืึธืก 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืฐืขืœืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ื™ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึธื•ื•ืืจ. 
ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื™ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจ-ืฉืืคืŸ ืžื•ื– ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืขืจ 
ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื•ื•ืืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ืงืึธื ื’ืœืึธ- 
ืžืขืจืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ, ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ 
ืจืขื’ืจืขืก. ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืœืฅ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืง, ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืข, 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืžืขืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืคืึธืœืง ืฆื• ื ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืื˜ื™ืจ- 
ืœืขืš ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืขืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ืฐืขืœื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฃ ืฆืข- 
ืืงืขืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืกื™ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ืฆื•ืงื ื™ืคึผืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ืงืขืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืคืืจืฉื ืขืœืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธ- 
ื’ืจืขืก ื”ืฒึทื ื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ 


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ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืข ืจืขื›ื˜ 
ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืคืืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. 
ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. ืขืก ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืืฃ ื–ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ, 
ื–ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืข, ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืงื ืืคึผืขืจ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืขืจ ืขืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข,. ืื– ืคืขืœืงืขืจ-ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืื™ื– 
ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜ ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ืฐืฒึทื˜- 
ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคืืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ื“ืจื™ืงื•ื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืขืก ืœืฒึทื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืืงืกื - 
ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ืฐื•ืงืฒึทื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง, 
ืื™ื– ื ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืข, ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ืข ,ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืข ื ื™ื™- 
ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ", ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœื™- 
ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืฒื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจืื˜ื - 
ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“, ืฐื•ึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืคืจื™ื“ืœืขืš ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืฆืึธ- 
ืœื™ืงืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืจืขืฐื• ืฆื• 
ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืึธืคึผืœืฒื™ืงืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืขื ืคืขืœืงืขืจ- 
ื”ืืก. ื“ืึธืก ื’ื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืขื ืขื’ื™ื™ืข ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขืจ 
ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืขื ืข- 
ื’ื™ื™ืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ ื”ืืก 
ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืžืืกืŸ: ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืข, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ-ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ืข 
ืื™ื™ื’ื ืฉืืคื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. 

ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ืฐื™ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืœืขื›ืข ืจืขื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข 
ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ึผืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ, ืื–ื•ื™ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืขืก ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ,ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ" ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 
ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืขืžื™ื™ืœืข ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ื“ืื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ;,ืžื™- 
ืกื™ืข", ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคืึธืœืง---ื ,ื‘ื›ื™ืจ", ื ืคืึธืœืง---ื 
,ืžืึธืฉื™ึดืขืš". ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ืขืจื“ื™ืฉ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืืกื™ืžื™ืœืืฆื™ืข-ืฆื•- 
ื’ืื ื’. ืืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืืจื•ืคื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืขืœ- 
ืงืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคืืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืฆื• 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ืจืŸ. ื ื™ื™ืฃ ืขืก 
ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืืคืงืข ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฐืขื’ืฐืฒึทื–ืขืจ ืคืืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืฒื™ืขืจืข 
ืœืืกื˜ืŸ. ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ,ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ"... 

ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืœืืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืฆื• ืคืืจืœื™ื™ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืข- 
ื ื™ืงืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื - 
ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืฉื™ื›ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฉืืคืŸ ื ื’ืจื™ื ื’- 
ืฉืขืฆื•ื ื’ ื‘ืื ืคืึธืœืง ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขื’- 
ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ --ืื ื˜- 
ืฐืึธืคึผืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืืžืฃ ืคืืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจื–ืืžืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื- 
ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืขื“ื™ื™ืข ื“ื•ืจื›ืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ื ื˜ืึธ- 


ืคึผืœื˜ืข ืืงืฆื™ืข: ืงืืœืคื™ ื›ื•ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืงืืœืคึผื™ ืคึผืึธื ืขื. 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืœืขื’ืื‘ืข ื›ื•ืฅ-- 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜-ืฒื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜--ืืฃ ื•ื™ืคืœ ืžื™ืจ 
ื“ืขืžืึธื ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ืคืืจ ืืœืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ: ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• 
ืฉืืคืŸ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™- 
ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื 
ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆื™ืจืŸ. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš 
ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ึดืขืœ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืœืขื’ืื‘ืข ื›ื•ืฅ, ืืฃ 
ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื–ื™ ื’ื•ืคืข ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืข- 
ืจืข, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงืขืจื™ืฉืข, ื™ื“ืŸ-ืคืจืขืกืขืจื™ืฉืข 
ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืื˜-ืงืจืขืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืืžืึธืฉืขืกื“ื™- 
ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื ืคืืœ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคืืฉื™ื–ื. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜ ืืฃ 
ืื™ื ืฐื™ื™ื ื™ืง, ืืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผ ื ื“ื™ืŸ- 
ื•ื•ืขื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ-- ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื ืžืืก- 
ืฉื˜ืื‘ -- ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืืฃ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื 
ื’ืขืฆืฒึทื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื‘ืืฐืึธ- 
ืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืืžืฃ ืคืืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืžืื›ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœืงืกืžืืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฐื•ืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืŸ ื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ. ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืึธืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– 
-ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืœืึธื–, ืื™ื– ื ืฉืึธื˜ืŸ. ืคืึธืœืง ืึธืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– 
ื‘ืขื“ืขืจืขืš ืงืœืืœ ืืŸ ืื•ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืจืขื 
ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืคืึธืœืง ืฉืืคื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืง ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฉื•ื•ืื›ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื•ืืš. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืก, ื•ื™ ืกืข ืฐืขื˜ ื•ืืงืกืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉึถืืข ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืก, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืขืœืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืข ืžืืกืŸ- 
ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ, ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. 

ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืฆื•ื•ืขืง. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ,/ื‘ืืก ื”ื- 
ืฉืึธืžืื™ื". ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ื”ื™ื™ืœื™- 
ืงื™ืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื ืฉืจืื ืง ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืœืึธื–. ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ึทืŸ ื ื’ืข- 
ืคืืจ, ืื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืฐืขืœืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืฆื•ื•ืขืง, ืœืขื›ืึธืœืืคึผืึธื›ืขืก 
ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื–ื ืฆื•ื’ืื ื’ ืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืขืึธื“ืืœืŸ ืืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืงืจืื˜ื™ื–ื. ืขืก 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืขืคืืจ, ืื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืึธืœืŸ 
ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ, ืฐื™ ืขืก ืคึผืืกื™ืจื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืข ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืœืขื - 
ื“ืขืจ, ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืคืึธืœืง 
ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืื‘ืกื˜ืจืืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ , ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืื ื“". 
ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืึธืจื“ื™ื ื™ืจืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ- 
ืœืื ื“, ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืขืคืืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ืŸ 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ืึธืš 


ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื‘ืืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืœืขื›ืŸ ื“ืจืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืŸ 
ืฉืืคืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืื ืืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ- 
ืœืื ื“, ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื, ืงืขืŸ ืืงืฆืขืคึผื˜ื™ืจื˜ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืžืœื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืคืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืฒื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืืคื™ื–ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืื ื“ ืื™ื– ื˜ืฒื™ึทืขืจ ื 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืงื•ื•ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืข ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืจืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขืง- 
ื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ. ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืื ื“ ืื™ื– ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ื 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ---ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืึธืœืง.-- 
ืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ 
ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืื ื“ ื’ืข- 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง--ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื”ื™ื™ืคืœ ืื—ื•ืจ- 
ืคึผืื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืงืœืืก ืคึผืจื™ืฐื•ื™ืœืขื’ื™ืจื˜ืข, -- ืืœืฅ 
ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืคืึธื˜ืขืจืœืื ื“, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืก, ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื”ื™ื™ื, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืจ- 
ืžืืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืึธื ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืกืคื•ืœืข ืื˜ืจื™ื‘ื•ื˜ืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง, ืืœืฅ 
ืžืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื“ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ, ืฆืขืจื˜ืœืขืŸ, 
ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ,. ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืืจ ืื™ืจ 
ืงืึธืจื‘ืึธื ืขืก --- ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืฒื™ืœ ื“ื™ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื™ ื ื‘ืืฐืึธืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ 
ืžืืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืืžืฃ ืคืืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ -- ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืž- 
ื‘ืืฉื˜ืจื™ื™ึทื˜ื‘ืืจืขืจ ืืฑื™ื’ื ืฉืฒื™ื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื- 
ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื“ืื˜ืขืก -- ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ื’ืข- 
ืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืงื ืืคึผืข ื™ืข- 
ืฉื•ืข ืคืืจ ื ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ื“ื™ ืืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืจื˜ืข 
;ื™ืื”ื•ื“ื™ื? ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ื–ื™ืขืจ ืฉื™" 
ื ืขื ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืึธืจืขืžืฉืืคื˜-ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื•-ื™ืึธืจืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ 
ืคืืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืืฒึทื ืคืœื•ืก ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืืคืขืœ- 
ืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ---ื ื•ึนืœ. ื“ื™ ืืจื•ืžื™ืงืข ื‘ื- 
ืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ื- 
ื ืขื ืกื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืจืึธืคึผืึธืœื™ืข,. ื‘ื™ื– 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจืก 
ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. 

ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืื ืึธื›ืข, ืื– ื“ื™ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜. ื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืืžืฃ ืคืืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื– ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืžื•ื– 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื’ืœืขืš ืคืืจ ืืœืฅ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืขืจืข ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง, ืื–ื•ื™ ืื– ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืžืืกืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืจืขืคึผืืฉื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉืŸ. 

ื“ืึธ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ 
ืคืจืื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธื›ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืืœ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข-ื ื™ื˜-ืื™ื– ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืฆื• ืคืืจืœื™ื™ืงืข- 
ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืืคื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื™ืึธื›ื™ื“. ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ื•ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผืฒึทื–ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ ื•ืฐืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืขื›ื™ื“ื™ื. 
ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืืงื˜ -- 


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ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื‘ืืฉืขื ืงื˜ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ- 
ื™ืขื›ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืฉืืคื˜. ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ืึธื›ื™ื“ ื“ืืจืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืข ืคืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ 
ืœื•ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคื™ื™ื™ึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื ื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, 
ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืืžืขื ื˜. ืฐืึธืก ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืืคื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜,. ืืœืฅ ืฉืืจืคืขืจ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืึธื›ืŸ 
ืื™ื– ืื™ืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™- 
ื”ืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืฉื˜ืขืœืขืจ, ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืจืืžื- 
ื˜ื•ืจื’, ืžืึธืœืขืจ, ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ืึธืจ, ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืืฃ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข โ€ ืฉืืคื ื“ื™ืงืข 
ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ืืœืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื•ืคืœืขืจ -- 0616115 
5ื˜ืก!ื–ืืง ---ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืืคืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ืขืก 
ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ;ื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ืจืŸ" ื“ืขื 
ืฉืืคื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื™ืึธื›ื™ื“. ื ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืฉืืคืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืœืžืขืœืึธื›ืข, ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืขืก ื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืŸ, 
ืงืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืœื˜ ื ื‘ืืคืขืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ื- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ืขืจ ื“ืืจืฃ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™- 
ื ื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ืขืžืขืก, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืžืคึผื•ืœืก, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขืจ ื”ืืกืึธื’ืข. 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐื•ืฑื™ื“ืขืจืฉืคึผืจื•ืš 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ื”ืื ืึธื›ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืกื˜ื•ืœืื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžืืกื ื”ืืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื’ืœืขืš ืคืืจ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืกื˜ืข ื™ื™ื“ื™ืขืฉืข ืžืืกืŸ. ืขืก ื•ืขื ื“ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืจ 
ืื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ-ืืฒึทื - 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฐืฑื“ืขืจืฉืคึผืจื•ืš 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืก-ืคืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ืึธื›ื™ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืœืื ืžืขืกื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืื•ืคื‘ื•ื™ื™ 
ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืคึผืœืืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึธืš ืฆื•" 
ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก. 

ืžืข ืงืขืŸ ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืข ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ, 
ื ืžื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืกื ืึธื‘ื™ื–ื, ื ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฐืึธืก ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืฆืฑืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ืึธืคื˜ 
ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื™ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜- 
ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’: ื“ื™ ,ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธื”ื™- 
ืงืื ืขืจ" ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืขื”ืฑื™- 
ื‘ืขื ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ. ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืจืขืคื•ืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื - 
ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคืืจ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืืจืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืงืึธืš ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืึธืจืขืคึผืืฉื ืขื ืœืขื‘ ื 
ืกืืš ืคืจื™ืฉืข ืœื•ืคื˜. ื ืกืืš ืจื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื˜. ื“ื™ 
ืฉืึธื˜ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืงืื“ืขื ืฅ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื›ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืžืืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ. 

ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืœืขืžืึธืœ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืืœืข ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื- 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ---ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ -- ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืคืึธืœืง. ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ -- ืฆื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืงื•ื™- 
ื›ืขืก. ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ -- ืคืืจืงืขืจืคึผืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืึธืœืงืก- 
ืžืืกืข, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคื™ื™ื™ึดืง ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก 


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ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฐื™ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื - 
ืฆื™ืขืœืขืจ ืงื•ื™ืขืš. 

ืขืก ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื˜ืจื•ื™ึดื–ื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืึธื›ืŸ, ืื– ืžืืกืŸ- 
ื”ืืคื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืœื™ืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื˜ื™ืคืงืฒึทื˜, ืขื›ื˜- 
ืงืฒึทื˜, ืขืจื ืกื˜, ืขืจืฉื˜ืงืœืืกื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ืฐื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœื™ืืจื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื- 
ื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜, ืจืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐื•ื™ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื ืคื•ื ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ-ืืจื•ื ื˜ืขืจ-ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืืจ- 
ื‘ืขื˜ ,ืคืืจืŸ ืคืึธืœืง" (ื’ืจืึธืฉืŸ-ื‘ื™ื›ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ื˜ื™ื™-ืœืขืคืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ). ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืจื - 
ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’, ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜, ืขืจืฉื˜ืงืœืืกื™- 
ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•- 
ืฆื™ืจืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืืœืข ืขืžืขืกืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืฑื™ื’ ืืคืŸ 
ืคึผืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ 
ืฐืึธืจืขื ื ืึธืจ ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉืืคืŸ ืืŸ ืขืคืขืง- 
ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ื™ืขืš. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฐืฒึทืœ 
ื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœ, ืืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ืื˜ืืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ-ืžืืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืื ื™- 
ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืฉื˜ืื ื“. ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจื™ึธืืก ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ืื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืžื™ื’ืจืื ื˜ืŸ. ื–ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืฆื• ื‘ื™ืœื“ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคืข- 
ืกื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ืคืืจื™ื™ื ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉืข ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ. 


ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจ-ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืจื•ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืฃ, ืžื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจื˜, ืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜. 
ื“ื™ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ-ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš 


ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืคื‘ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจ- 
ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฐื•ึผืงืก. ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ืงืขืกืฒื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข 
ืจืขื“ื™ืคืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™- 
ืจืึธืคึผืขื™ึทืฉืข ืžืขืœื•ื›ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ --- ืึธืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืžืขืกื™ืจืขืก- 
ื ืขืคืขืฉ ืžื™ืฆืื“ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฐืขืงื˜ ืื•ื ื“- 
ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจืขื›ืขืจืขืฅ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœื™ื–ื ื”ืึทื˜ ื‘ื- 
ื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืจืฒึทื›ืกื˜ืŸ ืœืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืขืจ ืื•ืž- 
ืคื™ื™ื™ึทืง ืฆื• ื‘ืื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœื™ื–ื ืื™ื– 
ื‘ืื ืงืจืึธื˜. ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก. ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื•ืž- 
ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฉื ืขืœืงืฒึทื˜, ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื™ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืื ื“, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืฆื•ื™- 
ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื–ื•ืจืคึผืื˜ืึธืจืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืคืืจืžืขื’ืŸ. ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืึธื ืฐื•ึผืงืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืกืŸ-ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก. ืขืก ืฉืžืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืื•ื™ืš 
ืืŸ ืื•ืคื‘ืจื•ื™ื– ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ . 
ืคืึธืœืง. 

ืฐื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ? 
ืื›ื•ืฅ ื“ืขื ืจืื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข-ืคืึธื ื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ื–ื™ ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ืจืŸ. 


ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฆืขื ืื˜ืŸ. ื–ื™ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ,ืฉื™ื™ื ืข 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ". ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. 
ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ;ื”ืึธื˜-ืคื™ื ืื ืก" ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืงื•ื™ื“ืขืฉ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื™ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจื˜ 
ืื™ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก ื’ื•- 
ืคืข--ืฐืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ? ืคื•ื ื ื•ื•ืื ืขืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ื™? ื–ื™ ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืข- 
ื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืืกืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก ื’ื•- 
ืคืข ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื ืึธืš ื ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ื’. 

ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ึทืŸ,. ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืคืืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืฒื”ืฒึทื˜, ืึธืคื˜ืžืึธืœ 
ืคืืจืื›ื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืึธื˜,. ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธืคื ื“ื™ืง 
ืืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข 
ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืขืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-- ืฆื• ื‘ืืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืื ื“ืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืง. 

ืื™ื ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืื ื“ืื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื”ืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืฉืืคืŸ ื‘ื- 
ืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข ืื™ื“ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก-ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื - 
ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ 
ื‘ืึธื“ืŸ ืคืืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ืขืึธ- 
ืœืึธื’ื™ืฉ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ื˜-ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ืงืขืŸ ืฉืึธืœืขื 
ืžืื›ึผืŸ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ; ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืขืกื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒื™ื’ื˜, ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš 
ืคืืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก, ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืžืืฆืขื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืœืืœ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื“ื™ื™ ืฆื• 
ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ื‘ืืฐื•ืกื˜. ืžื™ืจ 
ืืฒื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ -- ืคืืจ 
ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจ. ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ 
ืคึผืจืืงื˜ื™ืฉืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ, ืืฃ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืืœืข 
ืžืืกืงื™ื, ืฐื•ืฒึทืœ ื“ืึธ ื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืื ื˜ื™- 
ื˜ืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืืฃ ืืœืข ืื™ืจืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ืืฃ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ ืงื•ื•ืืœื™ื˜ื- 
ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ. 

ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™- 
ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืœืข, ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืคืืจ ืื–ื ืคืึธืจืฉืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืžืขืก ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืš, ืฐืึธืก ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜, ื“ืึธืก 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืง, ื–ื™ึทืŸ ืื•ืคืงื•ื, ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ื–ื™ึทืŸ ืงืขื’ื ื•ื•ืืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ืฆื•- 
ืงื•ื ืคื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืฉืœื™ืกื˜ ืืฒึทืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง, ื“ืขืžืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข, ืคึผื™ืœืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, 
ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข, ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ-ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืืื•ื•. 
ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื“ื•ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืืœืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ืืคึผืึทืœืึธื’ืขื˜ื™ืง, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืกืขืฐื•ื“ืึธ-ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืžืขืกืข ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’. ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ 
ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ ื ื™ื”ื™ืœื™ื–ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ 
ืฉืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื–ื --- ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. 

ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืคืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 


ื ืงืจื™ื–ื™ืก, ืื– ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึธืฃ, 
ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜, ืื™ื– ื ื‘ื™ืœื‘ืœ ืืคืŸ ืคืึธืœืง 
(ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ;ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ื•ื™ 
ืฉื•ื ื“", ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืืฃ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข, ื“ืขื’ืจืื“ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืืงืœืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจืก, ื‘ื™ื™ืก 
ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ืคืืจ 
ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉ-ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ื™ึทืฉ-ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืฅ- 
ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ); ืื– ืžื™ืจ, ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื- 
ื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืคืœื•ืกื˜ ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ ืขืคืฉืขืจ 
ื ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืฆืึธืœ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื ืข 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ; ืื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืฆืึธืœ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืขืขื ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืข ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื•ืจื’ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื˜ืขื- 
ื˜ืขืจ-ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธ- 
ืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข: 
ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืจืข ื“ืจืืžื- 
ื˜ื•ืจื’ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืืจืฑืกืฆื•ึผืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข 
ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืกื™ื‘ืข: ืื– ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืืจื˜ืขืฃ" ืื™ืŸ ื ื™-ื™ืึธืจืง ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืจืืžื’ืจื•ืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืข- 
ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืฑืขืŸ ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืคืึธืœืงืก-ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืื™ื– 
ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืืึธืก. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืืžื•ื ื’; 
ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ื™ึทื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ื˜ืข- 
ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ; ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืฆืึธืœ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข 
ืœืฒึทืฐื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ื•ืจืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ 
ืคืืจืงืขืจืคึผืขืจืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜?! ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜- 
ืœืขืจ ื’ื•ืคืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฒื™ื ื™ืง ืืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืจืื’ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ื ืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜. 
ื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ื‘ืื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ืŸ, ืื– ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคืื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ืื– 
ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ื•ืคืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืืกืŸ ืžื•ื– ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืื™ื“ื™ืึธื. ื ื‘ื- 
ื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืื ื™ืจ, ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข โ€ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืขืก ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื - 
ื“ืขืจืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืœ, ื ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ืฐืึธืก ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ 
ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ืจื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ---ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื™ื - 
ื”ืืœื˜. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก, ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ- 
ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืžื™ืกื˜ืืžืข ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืœืฒึทื›ืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืฐื•ืขืจื–ืข. ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื’ืจืข- 
ืกืขืจืข ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื–ื™ืš 
ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืงืื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ืื•ืŸ 
ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืงืื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืง ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜. ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื 


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ืคืขืœื“, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจื ืื›ืœืข- 
ืกื™ืงื˜. 

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืžืขืจืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืึธืจ- 
ื“ื™ื ื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืื– 
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื•ื–ื™ืง. ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ืŸ 
ืงืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง, ืฉืขืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง, 
ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืึธื›ืขื ืขื ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขืžืคึผืœ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. ื‘ืขืœื™-ืžืขืœืึธื›ืขืก ืึธืŸ ื ืคื•ื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืกืŸ 
ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืงืืจื‘ืึธื•ื•ืข ืื™ืžื™ื˜ืืฆื™ืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืฒึทื–ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ --ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ, 
ื’ืจืืžืึธืคืึธืŸ-ืคึผืœืื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืื“ื™ืึธ --- ื‘ื•ื›ืฉื˜ืขื‘ืœืขืš 
ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืขื 
ื’ืขื“ืื ืง, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžื•ื–ื™ืง. ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ืึธืคื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื- 
ืœื™ืฉืข ืฐืขืจืง ืึธืŸ ื ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ 
ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจื˜. ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจื™ื›ืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื ืงืึธืœืึธืกืืœืŸ 
ืคืึธืจืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ 
ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืงืจืฒึทื–ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ืึธืจ ---ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ื“ืื ืงื‘ืืจืข 


ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืข! ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืืœื™ืฉืข ืฐืขืจืง--ืื•ื™ืš ื ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข 
ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืข. 


ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– 
ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธืžื™ื ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืœืืฅ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ 
ื’ืขื ื•ื™ืขืจ. 

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข, ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ, ืฉืึธืœืขื- 
ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกื™- 
ืงืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืขื ื’ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ื’- 
ื˜ื™ืžืกื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง, ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืึธืœืงื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื–ืึธื’; ,ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง-- 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš". ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจืข- 
ื ืขืฆืŸ: ืกืฒึท ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžืฑื›ืขืจ-ืกืคืึธืจื™ื, ืกื™ื™ ืฉืึธ- 
ืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื•ื™ ืคืืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืื•ืคืงื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืœืข- 
ื˜ืืจื™ืื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœืืก-ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืืžืฃ-ื’ืฒึทื™ืกื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ึดืขื ื˜ืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข 
ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืข- 
ืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, 
ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขืœืขืจ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืก- 
ื“ืจืื ื’.--ื ืงืจืืคื˜ ื ืžืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื- 
ืกื™ืงืขืจ -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืคื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ ืืฃ 
ื ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืกื˜-ืคื•ืœืงืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืืกืŸ. ื“ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ -- ืฆื• ื ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ- 
ืœืขืš ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืืคื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ-- ืฆื• ืืŸ 
ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืžืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืื. ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื–ื™ 


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ืฆืฒื™ื˜ื ืฐืฒึทื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื˜ื•ืฉื˜ืขืฉ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธ- 
ื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืขืงืกืคืœื•ืื˜ืืฆื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื”ืขืœ ื’ืข- 
ื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืึธื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืึธื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืŸ, 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืข 
ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™- 
ื”ื•ืขืœืข ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืึธื ืขืŸ. ืคืืจ- 
ืงืขืจื˜, ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืกื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืคืขืจืขื ืฆื™ืจืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืืกืข, ื–ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ- 
ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืืคึผื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš-ืจื™ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืงืข ื™ืขื›ื™ื“ื™ื. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืขื›ื™- 
ื“ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื- 
ืกื™ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืข, ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืœื™ืฉืข, 
ืงืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื”ื™ื›ื˜ืขื˜ืข* ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื˜ื™ืคึผืŸ, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืข ืžืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก ืื™ื– 
ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง. ื˜ืืงืข ื ื“ืื ืง 
ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืฐื™ 
ืฉืœื™ื›ื™-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ืงืจื™ื™ื–ืœ, ื ืึธืจ 
ืฆื• ื ืคืึธืœืง, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื”ืืžืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฆืึธืœืจืฒึทื›ืข ื™ื™ึดึทื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืกืŸ-ืขืžื™ื’ืจืืฆื™ืข ื’ืข- 
ืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืคึผืœืขื™ืื“ืข ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ: ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉืขื•ื•- 
ืกืงื™, ืžืึธืจื™ืก ืจืึธื–ืขื ืคืขืœื“, ืขื“ืขืœืฉื˜ืื˜, ื‘ืึธื•ื•ืฉืึธ- 
ื•ื•ืขืจ, ืœื™ืขืกื™ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, 
ื“ื™ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืข ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืขื”ืึธืœืข-ืื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ 
ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ 
ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืŸ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื˜-ื”ืืงื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืฐืขื˜-ืฉืขืคึผ 
ื–ื™ืš ืืจื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืคึผืืกืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื ื™ื™ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ--ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืืœืื ื˜, ืงืœืขื ืขืจ ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืžืึธื ื˜ืข ื“ืจืฒึท ืจื™ื–ืŸ--ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ื™ืœื›ื™ืงืขืจ, 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื•ืžื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจืขืจ. ื“ื™ 
ืžืขืจืกื˜ืข ,ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ื™ืฉืข ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ" ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึธืœืขื˜ืืจื™ืฉืข ืจืข- 
ืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื“ืข- 
ืœืขืŸ, ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื•ื ืคืึธืœืง-- ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก 
ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ 
ืคืืจืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•,. ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืืจืื ื˜ืฐืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคืืจ ืื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฐื•ื™ ืืฃ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืข- 
ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ืื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืขื–ืขืœ- 
ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืฐื•ืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืœืืžื™ืง ืฐืึธืจื˜ 
ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืกื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืืกืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
ืฉืฐื•ึผื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืืกื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืึธืงืขืืŸืฃ 

ืื™ื ืขื ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ื ืึธื›ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืงืกื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-. 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ืขื ื ืึธืš-ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข- 
ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื–ืฉื•ืื–ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. 


ืื•ื™ืš ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ืŸ ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื‘ืืจืฒึทื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง, ืืŸ ืื•ื™- 
ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ืกื˜ื™ืœ, 
ืคืืจืคื™ื™ื ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืžืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืืจื˜ื™ืง; ื–ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข 
ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืขืก ืื ื˜- 
ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง. 
ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืฃ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงืื“ืจืขืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืฉืจื™ื™- 
ื‘ืขืจ --- ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ. 
ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืฉืžืขืœืขืจ. ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜: ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ, ืืœ- 
ื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ-ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืขืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืขื’ืขืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฒึท:ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืฉื˜ืขื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜. 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืœื™ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ, ืฐื™ ,ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจ ืงืœื- 
ืกื™ืงืขืจ", ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ,ื™ื•ื ื’ืข"-- 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉืฒื“ื ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข, 
ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข, ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืขืก--- 
ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืขื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ 
ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื ื™ื˜-ืขื ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื“ืจื•ืง. ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ ืื™ื–-- ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื–ื. ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคืืจ- 
ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ืขื ืืฑื‘ื ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืืจื™ืฉืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืคืืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื‘ื- 
ืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื•ืฐืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื ืขืึธื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ. 
ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื–ื ืœืขื”ื™ื™ืคึผืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ื- 
ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขื ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข--ืคึผืข- 
ืจืขืฅ -- ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื, -- ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ 
ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ื‘ืื•ืฐื•ืกื˜ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื™ื– ืืคึผืึธืœืึธื’ืขื˜ื™ืฉ. ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกื™- 
ืงืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื ืึธืจืžืืœ- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืกืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ืคืืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ ื‘ื ื ืขืึธื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ 
ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ื™ืฉืข ,ื™ื•ื ื’ืข", ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜- 
ืœืขืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืฒื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉื•ืœ, ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ืคึผืœืื˜ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™- 
ื‘ืขืจื•ื•ืขื’ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขืจื”ืฒึทื˜ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ--ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื–ื. ืื™ืŸ 
ื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆื• ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜- 
ืœืขืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคืข, ื ืึธืจ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข 
ืคื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืžืขืจื™- 
ืงืื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืงื•ืจืฅ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธ- 
ืžืข, ืžื•ื– ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืฒื™ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ื“ืขื ,ืื™ื“ืขืืœ" ืคื•ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜-ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคึผื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื•ื•ืขื’ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืขืจื”ืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื“ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืข ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ. ืคื•ื - 
ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฉื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืึธื›ืขื ืขื ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื–ื, 
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื ืื-ืคืืœืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืฉืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื–ื. 

ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ื- 
ืœื™ื–ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคืึธืจ- 
ืžืขืŸ -- ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœื™ื–ื ื‘ื™ื– ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืกื™ืึธื ื™ื–ื 


ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืืจืคืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืื™ื ื–ื™ื›ื™ืกื˜ืŸ". ื”ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื–ื 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผ ืืคืŸ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืืœืก ื™ืึธื›ื™ื“, 
ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื’, ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ 
ืื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืžืึธืœืข. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ืึธืคึผื˜ ืื•ืžืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืืจืข 
ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืืคื™ื ื™ืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜- 
ื–ื•ื›ืขืจื™ื™. 

ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคึผืึธืจื- 
ืงืขืฉืขื-ืคืึธืจื-ื˜ืขื ื“ืขื ืฅ, ื•ื•ึผ โ€ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ืš ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขื ืฐืึธืก, ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™, ื ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื“ืขื 
ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜- 
ืกื˜ืข ืžืืกืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืœื™ืฉืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืืœืคึผื™-ื˜ืึธืขืก ืคืืจื˜ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื™- 
ื’ื™ื ืขืœืŸ. ืฐืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจืื ื’, ืืœืฅ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืข- 
ืœืขืจ -- ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืคึผืึธืขื˜ืŸ. 

ืกืฒึท ืงืขื’ืŸ ืืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ื–ื, ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฉืึธืฐื•ื™ื ื™ื–ื, ืงืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื–ื ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืœืขืฉืขื-ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ืคืึธืจ- 
ืžืืœื™ื–ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื- 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธืœืขื˜ืืจื™- 
ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ 
ืฆื• ืคืืจื™ื‘ื ื“ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœื™ื–ื 
ืžื™ื˜ ื ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธ- 
ืจืขืคึผืืฉื ืข ืžืืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืขืจ ื‘ื- 
ืคืจืฒึทื™ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืœืขื˜ืืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึท 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ, ืกืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ื™ืฉ-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืœืขื˜ืืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ื™ื–ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื™ืกืฉืžื™ื“ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ื“ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื˜- 
ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ-ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื ืขืžืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืคึผืืกื™ืงืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉืข ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื- 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืฒึทืขื ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื 
ืึธื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืกืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืฉื•ื•ืข- 
ืจืข, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื– ืื”ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก- 
ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ืข. 

ืฐืึธืก ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืฆื•ืจื™ืง 
ืืจื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืืคืŸ 
ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’,. ืื™ืจ ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืฉื™ื•ื•ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก 
ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืข 
ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื–ื™ 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืขืคึผืึธื›ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืกืงืขื ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืขื ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. 

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืืจืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื˜, ื™ืขื“ืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข, ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ,. ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ืคึผื™ืฉื˜ืฉืขื•ื•ืงืขืก, ืฐื•ื™ ืขืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ ืฉืึธืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื. 


153 


ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื–ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข 
ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืžืึธื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฉื˜ืจืข- 
ื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ,. ืฐื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืข ืื•ืž- 
ืฉื˜ืขืจื‘ืœืขื›ืข ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื•ื™ ,ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉืคื™ื ื’ืขืจืœ" 
ืึธื“ืขืจ ,, ืžืึธื˜ืœ ืคื™ื™ืกื™ ื“ืขื ื›ืื–ื ืก", ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืื’ืึธืŸ". 

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ืกืขืง, ื 
ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ื‘ืืึธ- 
ื‘ืื›ื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจืื˜ืึธืจืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื ืข, ืฐืึธืก 
ืžื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื˜ ืคื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืงื ืขื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืื–ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ (ืœืฑื˜ 
ื’ืึธืจืงื™ืก ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืขืจื‘ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง). ืื–ื ืœื™- 
ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืื•ืžืคืืจืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฆืื“ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื“ืจื™ืงื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ืื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข. 

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›- 
ื’ืขืฆื™ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ึธืืœืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›- 
ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืจืขื ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœื™ื™- 
ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื•ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฉืึธืžืขืก, 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื•ื™ืจื“ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืงืจืขื ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื- 
ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื•ื˜ ืื•ืคืฆื•ื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื 
ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืคืืจ 


ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ืึธืคึผืื˜ืึธึทืฉื• 


ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืœืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ื ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื, ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืืคื ื“ื™ืงืข ืงืจืขืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืืกืŸ ืื–ื•ื™, 
ืื– ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆืฒึทื’ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™- 
ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ. 

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื ืงืจืฒื™ึทื–ืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ื ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข, ื ื™ื˜ ื ,ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’", 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืง. ืื–ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื‘ืขืžื™ื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืฉืคึผืืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืืœืข- 
ื“ืืžืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขืœืขืจ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ื•ื™ 
ื˜ืฉื™ืงืื•ื•ืข ื–ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™- 
ื“ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ. ืื–ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืœืขื ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืข 
ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื ื™ื˜ ืฐืขื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืžืืกืข ื–ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ. ืื–ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืฐืขื˜ 
ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืคืึธืœืง 
ื–ืึธืœ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื•ืึธืก 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง. ืื–ื ืœื™ื˜ืข- 
ืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจืŸ 
ืคื•ึนืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืืคืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœื’ื ื“ื™ืงืข ื“ื•ื™ืจืขืก ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ. 


ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืกื•ื ื’ืก-ืจืขื“ืข ืืคืŸ ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื˜ื”ืืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฑื™ื–ื ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ, ืืฃ ื“ืขื 
ืœืื ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืื ื“ืขืจ-ื•ื•ืขื’, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื ืคืึธืœืง 
ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืึธืฉืŸ. ื“ืจืฒึท ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ืข ืœืขืฉื•ื™ื ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื- 
ืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ. 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ -- ื”ืข- 
ื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉ, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ--ืฐืขืŸ ื ืคืึธืœืง 
ื›ืืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš ื”ืขืจื˜ 
ืื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ื˜ืขื’ืœืขื›ืข ื ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ 
ืื™ื ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืฐื•ืขืจืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“, ืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืก'ืคืึธืœืง 
ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ- 
ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืก'ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ืข ืœืึธืฉืŸ, ื“ืขื ,ื–ืฉืืจื’ืึธืŸ* ื–ื™ื™- 
ื ืขื. ื“ืขืจ ,ื–ืฉืืจื’ืึธืŸ* ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืขื–ืข 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืžืื ื™ืฉืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืื˜ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืœืงืก- 
ื“ื™ืืœืขืงื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื–ืฉืืจื’ืึธื ืขืŸ, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™--- 
ืฉืคึผืื ื™ืฉ, ืคึผืึธืจื˜ื•ื’ืขื–ื™ืฉ, ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ, ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืข- 
ื ื™ืฉ, ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ. 


154 


ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื’ืึธืœืขืก ื‘ืึธืฐืœ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื- 
ืžืขื™ืฉ, ื“ืขื ื“ืขืžืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ,ื–ืฉืืจื’ืึธืŸ", ืึธื“ืขืจ, ืฐื™ 
ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ: , ืœืึธืฉืŸ-ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜", ืฆื• 
ื ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš-ื’ืขืจืื ื’ืœ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืœืื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ืกืขื ืขืจ. ืฉืคึผื•ืจืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉืคึผืจืืš-ืงืืžืฃ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“ 
ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ืจืขืฉ. |ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ึทื ื’ืข- 
ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ,. ื’ืขืกื˜ืจืืฉืขื˜ ืก'ืคืึธืœืง, ืื– ,ืžืข 
ื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืืžืขื™ึดืฉ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื“ื™ 
ืžืขืœืื›ืขืก-ื”ืืฉืึธืจืขืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื- 
ืžืขื™ืฉ". ื“ื™ ืืจืืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึทื“ื™- 
ืฉื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜,. ืื– ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ืก'ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœืึธืฉืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ 
ืงืึธืฉืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ,. ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืกื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ื˜ืคื™ืœืข ื‘ืื ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ --;ืืจืžื™ ืื‘ื“ ืึธื‘ื™*. ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืจืžื™, ืฐืึธืก 
ื•ื•ืื ื“ืขืจื˜, ืืŸ ืืจืžื™, ื ื‘ืขื“ื•ื™ึทื ืขืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึธืš 


ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ื ืึธืจ ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉ? 
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก 
ืคืึธืœืง, ืื– ื’ืึธื˜ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื‘ืœืฑื– ืœืึธืฉื ืงืฑ- 
ื“ืขืฉ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจืืžื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื’ืขืฉืœื™ื™- 
ื“ืขืจื˜, ื’ืขื˜ืฒึทื ืขื˜, ืื•ึน /;ื‘ืขืฉืืก ื’ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ื- 
ืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ืฐืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉ- 
ื˜ืื ืขืŸ -- ืžื™ืฆืจื™ืฉ". ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืืžืฃ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืข- 
ื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืžืœื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜- 
ืงื•ืง ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื ืก-ืงื•ืง, ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืจื™ื™-ืื™ื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ --- ืคืึธืœืง, ื’ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืจืข. 

ื’ืขื–ื™ื’ื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืก'ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. ืืจื- 
ืžืขื™ึดืฉ ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœืข ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืื ืืš. ืคึผืขืจืขืฆืขืก 
ื ื›ืกื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืžืฒึทืกืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ื”ืข- 
ื‘ืจืขื™ึดืฉ, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉืข ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™- 
ืคืขืจ ,ื“ื ื™ืืœ". ืื•ืŸ , ื“ื ื™ืืœ" ืื™ื– ืงืื ืึธื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ,ืงืกืึธื•ื•ื™ื". ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืฆืื“ื™ืงื™ื, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
;ื“ื ื™ืืœ" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉ, ื ืึธืจ 
ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืฐืึธืก ,ื“ื ื™ื?" ืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ- 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืฐื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื›ื™ืืก-ื”ืืžื™ื™ืกื™ื, 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ 65 ื™ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืกืŸ 
ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืข- 
ื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข, 
ื–ื™ ืคืืจื“ืฒึทื˜ ืืฃ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื’ืขืจ, ื–ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืข- 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืคึผืืกื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื ืคืึธืœืงืก- 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉ ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืื•ื™ืฆืจืขืก-- ื“ืขื ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“ 
ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืืœืžื™, ื“ืขื ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ื•ืœื™, ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืฑื‘ืŸ 
ืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืกื˜ืข ื˜ืขืึธื–ืึธืคึผื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง, 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคืืจืžืึธื’ื˜-- ื“ืขื , ื–ื•ื™ื”ืืจ". 
ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืคื™ืœืข, ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžืกื˜ืข ื˜ืคื™- 
ืœืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืึธืจ- 
ื‘ืขื ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื“ืึธืจ ื’ืขื–ืขื’ื ื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ืขื, ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืจืืžืขื™ึดืฉืŸ 
;ืงืื“ื™ืฉ", ืฐืึธืก ื ืึธืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜-ืฆื•-ื˜ืึธื’: ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื•ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 17 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื™ึดึธื“ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื 14 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ื•ื- 
ื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื•ืื“ืข. ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืŸ ,ืืœ ืฉื“ื™" 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉ-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ;ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™- 
ื ืขืฉืขืœื•ื™ืœืขื",. ื“ืขืจ ,ื˜ืื˜ืข-ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ", ืฐืึธืก 
ืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ื ืึธืš ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, 

ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืงืขื ืขืจ ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึธื ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ. ืื– ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืึธืš ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ -- ืคึผืขืจืกื™ืฉ, ื’ืจื™ื‘ื™ืฉ, 
ืืจืื‘ื™ืฉ, ืฉืคึผืื ื™ึธืึธืœื™ืฉ, ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ. ืขืžืขืก, ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืœืขืฉื•ื™ื ืขืก ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืฆื• ื ืืฆื™ึทืึธื ืืœืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืข-ืจืึธืกื™ืŸ, 
ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื 16-ื˜ืŸ ื™ื”. ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืืคื™ืœืข ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืฃ, ืคื™- 
ืœื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืจื™ืข. ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ 
ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. ืืจืื‘ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื ืฉื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืขืจ- 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ, ื•ื™ ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉ. ืืจืื‘ื™ืฉ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืงื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ,ืงื- 


! ื“ื”. ืื™ืŸ 1937, ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืืฑื™ืกืจืึธ- 
ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 6 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, --ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ืข ื‘ื- 
ื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜. 


ื ืึธืขืก ืกืึธืคืจื™ื", ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคืืจื“ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืขื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืื ืืš, ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ืงื“ืขืง. ืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ืฉืคึผืื ื™ืึธืœื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืคึผืื ื™ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜. ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืš 
ืืคื™ืœืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืื ื™ืึธืœืขืจ 
ืจื•ึผืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš -- ืœืื“ื™ื ืึธ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ -- 
ืœืื˜ืฒึทืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืขืก ื˜ืฒืœืžืึธืœ 
;ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ", ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืึธืจื’ื˜ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื–. 
ืื›ื•ืฅ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืืฒึทื ื”ืึธืจืข-ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผืจืขื›ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ืงืืžื™ื™ืขืก, 
ื ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื•ื™ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืืœืื“ืขืก, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืœืขื“ื™ื ืึธ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืš. 

ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ, ืงืึธืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืึธืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืฆื• ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ---ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™- 
ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืื˜ืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ? ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื 
ืกืืš ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืข- 
ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืื ืืš, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืžืึธืจืข, ืคื•ึผืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื™ื ื™ื. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ 
ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ, ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ. ื–ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื“ืึธืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืžืื ื™ืฉืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ื’ืข- 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš, 
ืœืื˜ื™ืฒื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคื™ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜, ืขืก ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ 
;ื’ืœื—ื•ืช*-(ื’ืืœืึธื›ื™ื-ืœืึธืฉืŸ), ืฐืฒึทืœ ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื. ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื ื˜ื•ื ืื™ื– 
ืคืืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ--ื’ื–ื™ื™ืจืขืก, ืจืขื“ื™ืคืขืก, ืฉื™ื™- 
ื˜ืขืจื”ื•ื™ืคื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื“ืขืฉ-ื”ืืฉืขื, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื“, 
ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ- 
ืคืจืื ืงื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ. ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜- 
ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข 
ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ-ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ-ืขืคึผืึธืกืŸ -- ื“ื™ , ื˜ืจื™- 
ืกื˜ืื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื–ืึธืœื“ืืก", ื“ื™ , ืคึผืืจืกื™ื•ื•ืืœืŸ". 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื 
ื˜ืึธืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ. ืื– ืจ' ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข ื›ืึธืกื™ื“ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒืฒึทืŸ /ืกื™ื™ืคืขืจ ื›ืืกื™ื“ื™ื" ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืจืขืžื˜ 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ;ืจืึธืžืื ืฆืŸ", ื–ื™ื™ ืคืืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืจ' ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข ื›ึผืึธืกึดื™ื“ 
ื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืจืขืžื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืข, ืึธื“ืขืจ 
ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ, ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืื ืกืืœื™ืฉืข ,ืจืึธืžืื ืฆืŸ". ืื•ืŸ ืื– 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืงื•ืคึผืข ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคืึธืจืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ, ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืง,ืจื™ื™ื ืขืจ" ืืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืงื•ื ืกื˜, ืคื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืข- 
ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืจืื‘ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืขื ืขืกืื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืืœ- 
ื˜ืขืจ. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจื–ื–ื™ื™ื“ืขืก, ื–ื™ื™ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš. 

ืื•ืŸ ืื– ืžืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ-ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉืข 
ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื’ืจืขืฆืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™- 
ื˜ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื, 
ืฐืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ,ืžืื•ืฉืœืขืŸ". ืจืขื“ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื ื™ืžืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ ,ื–ืฉืืจื’ืึธืŸ", ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ 
ืคึผื•ื™ืœื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืœืื›ืŸ. ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื ,ืžืื™ืึธืคืขืก"-ืฉื˜ืฒื’ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจืฒื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผืื˜ืจื™ืึธ- 
ื˜ื™ื–ื. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืžืืงืขืก-ืžืขื“ื™- 
ื ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืืจืงืื•ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ- 
ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืก- 
ืœืื ื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 16-ื˜ืŸ ื™ื”. ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืจื•- 


ืค9ืค1 


ืกื™ืฉ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืื“ืื ืฆืขื ื˜ื ืขืจ- 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืื– ืื™ืŸ 6-ื˜ืŸ ื™ื”. ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑืœืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืคึผืฑืœื™ืฉ, ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. 

ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื™ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืจืฉื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. 
ืž'ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื– ื“ื™ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคื™ืœืึธ- 
ืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืืœื˜ ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึธืจ. 
ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืฃ ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ื™ืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืื ืฅ ืืฒื™ืจืึธ- 
ืคึผืข ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ืื– ืืœืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. ืฉืžื•ืขืœ-ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ืœื•ืฆืื˜ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื 
ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 19-ื˜ืŸ ื™ื”. 
ืืคื™ืœืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื™ื™ึดืฆื›ืึธืง-ืœืฒื‘ื•ืฉ ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ, 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืคืึธืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืึธื•ื•ื™ืฆืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, 
ืื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืฒึทื–ื™ืง-ืžืฒืขืจ 
ื“ื™ืง. ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืข- 
ืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’, ืื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื - 
ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ืึธื ื™ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜- 
ืœืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืœื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื ืงืœืื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื˜ื ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ-ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ 
ื‘ื ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜. ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™, ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ 
ืื™ืจ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื ืึธื ื™ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ , ืžื™ื™ืœืขืš ื™ืžืœื•ืš"? ื ื™ื˜ , ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ", ื ื™ื˜ ,ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืจืขื’ื™ืจืŸ", ื ืึธืจ 
,ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ืฐื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืŸ', ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ 
ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื–ื ืฐืึธืจื˜, ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื–ื ืฐื•ืขืจื‘, ืฐื™ ืงื™- 
ื ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ,ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ ืฐืขื˜ ืงื™ื ื™ื’ืŸ" ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉืฑืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’. ืก'ืื™ื– 
ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœืข ืฉืืคื•ื ื’. 

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ? 

ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“- 
ื–ืขืจืข ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ื”ืึธื‘, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ืฒึทืŸ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืื - 
ืฆืข ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผื•ื™ืœืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. 

ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ --- ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืึธืœืง ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ื ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ืฐื•ื™ืœ ื–ื™ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•, 
ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืžืขืœืฆืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ- 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ื“ืืจืฃ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ื“ื™ืืœืขืงื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืืœื“ ื‘ืื 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉื˜, ืืจืฒื™ึทื ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื 
ืฉืœืืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฒึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฒึทืข ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืคืŸ, 
ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื™ืฉ-ืืจืืžืขื™ื™ืฉืข ื”ืื ื“ืœืก-ื˜ืขืจ- 
ืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกื›ื•ื™ืจืขืก-ื‘ืืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜, ืฐื•ึผ ื ืึธืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ 
ืžื™ืกื›ืขืจ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-ื”ืื ื“ืœ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื–ืจืขืš ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืฒึทื™ื˜ืฉืœืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกืœื- 
ื•ื•ื™ืฉืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ. ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง, 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืืฒื™ื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืฒื™- 
ื˜ืฉืข ื“ื™ืืœืขืงื˜ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืขืก ืฆื• ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื˜ื•ืืœ. 

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขื ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ 


196 


ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืคึผืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืžืขืœืฆืŸ. ืงืงื™- 
ื‘ืขื“" ืื™ื– ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. ,ื–ืฒึทืŸ* ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
,ืžืขื›ืื‘ืขื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ" ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืก'ื–ืขืœ- 
ื‘ืข ,ื’ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš", ,ื“ืจืึธืฉืข-ื’ืขืฉืื ืง", ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืข- 
ื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. 

ืื›ื•ืฅ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ-ืืจืืžืขื™ืฉืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึท- 
ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืจืึธืžืื ื™ืฉืข. ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืจ, 
ืื– ืื–ื•ื™ื ืข ืขื›ื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, 
ื“ืื•ื•ื ืขืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ืœ, ืกืืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ื˜ืฉืึธืœื ื˜, ืคืื˜ืฉื™ื™ืœืข, 
ืืœืงืขืจ, ืืœื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืžืคึผืขื˜, ืคึผืœืขื˜, ื’ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ืจืข, 
ืžื™ืœื’ืจื•ื™ื -- ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™- 
ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ื ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืื - 
ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ? ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™" 
ืฉืขืจ, ืฐื™ ื™ืขื ื˜ืข, ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ืฆืข, ืื ืฉืœ! ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ื˜ืœ 
ืฉื˜ืืžื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉืŸ --8620006 
ืื™ื™ื“ืœ-ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืขื ืข. 

ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ, 
ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืคึผืจืืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื - 
ื“ืขืจืข, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืืฅ-ื‘ื•ื™, ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืกื™ื ื˜ืืงืกื™ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื“ืขืจื˜. ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ,ืœืึธืฉืŸ ืืฉืงืขื ืื–" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ;ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ- 
ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ*, ืคื•ืŸ ,ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ* ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
,ืœืขืฉืึธื ื•ื ื• ---ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš", ืคื•ืŸ ,ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš* ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ , ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ". 

ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ืืฑืกืฉืคึผืจืฒื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืจืขื“ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืื ืงืจืฒึทืš, 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืœืื ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืกืงืื ื“ื™ื ืื•ื•ื™ืข. ืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืจืขื“ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืžืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื™ืœืŸ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทื™ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ื‘ื™ื– 
ืืจืึธืคึผ ืฆื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืŸ ื™ืื. 

;ืืฉืงืขื ืื–" ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื 
ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืฃ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ 
ืื™ื“ื™ื™ื™ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ,ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืœืื ื“". 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืขืก ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ---ืก'ืื™ื– ื 
ื‘ื™ืœื‘ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืขืงืขืจ, ืื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ, ืžื™ื™ื“- 
ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืืžืขืจืืฆื™ื. ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืœื™" 
ื’ื™ืขื–ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืคืืจืŸ ืœืืžื“ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืœืืžื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื–ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืืœ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ. ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื•ืฐื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขืš-ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉ ืฉืืคืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื˜ 
ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคืึธืœืง, ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืื™ืŸ 
ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืื ืฆื™ืง 
ืฉืืจ-ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœื˜-ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืขืก 
ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืืจื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืก- 
ืœืขืš , ืฆื• ืคืจื•ืžืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ,ืคื•ืœ- 
ืฆื™ืœื" (ืžื™ื™ื“ืœืขืš), ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฉืืจื‘ืœืข- 
ื˜ืขืจ ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ;ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ", ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ;ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจื™ื, ื‘ืืœืขื‘ืื˜ื™ื, 
ืืœืข ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืŸ, ืฆื• ืœื™ื‘ืข ืœืฒึทื˜, ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐืฒึทื‘, ื™ื•ื " 
ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ". 

ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ-ืขืคึผืึธืก ืื™ื ืขื ,ืฉืžื•ืขืœ- 
ื‘ื•ืš", ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื ื˜ืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 14-ื˜ืŸ ื™ื”. ืื•ืŸ 


ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืคืืจืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ-ืขืคึผืึธืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, 
ื•ื•ืขืจืก ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืœืึธื“ื™ืข ืคื•ื ืขื /ืฉืžื•ืขืœ- 
ื‘ื•ืš" ืงืขืŸ /,ืงืึธืœ ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ?. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื›ื- 
ื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ. 
ืื•ืŸ ืื– ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ื‘ืืจ ื™ืึธืงืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ 1544 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ืกื™ื“ืขืจ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืืœื˜ืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ 
ืืคืŸ ืฉืืจื‘ืœืื˜ ืื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื–ื ืจืขืงืœืืžืข: 
;ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื– ืื–ื ืื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“, ืฐื•ื™ ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืืŸ ืืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื•ืŸ- 
ื’ืขืจ ืžื•ื™ื“". ืื–ื ืžื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืœื™ึทื™ืš ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืžืืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืžืืกืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจืืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธ- 
ื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข. ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข 
ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜. ืก'ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜, ืื– 
ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืžืขืจื”ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“ ---ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑื™ืœืŸ. ื“ื•ื™- 
ืจืขืกืœืื ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืขืœืข 
ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ื•ื˜ืึธื ืึธืžื™ืข. ื›'ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ,ื•ื•ืืื“ 
ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืืจืฆื•ืก", ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-ืคึผืฑืœืŸ, ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ-ืคึผืฑื™ืœืŸ, ืจืฑื˜-ืจื•ืก- 
ืœืื ื“, ืฐืึธืœื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืœื™ื˜ืข. ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื™ืคืขืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื˜ืขืก (ืื›ื•ืฅ-ื›ืžืขืœื ื™ืฆืงื™ืก) ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ 
ืงื™ืžืื˜ ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฐื•ึผืกื˜. ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜. ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฑื™ืœืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก- 
ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื ื ืฒึทืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ื™ื™ึธื“, ื ื˜ื™ืฃ-ื ื- 
ืฆื™ึดืึธื ืืœืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื–- 
ืจืขืš-ื™ื™ึดื“,. ื“ืขื ืกืคืืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืื‘ื™ืฉืŸ. ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืฑื™ืœื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฑื–ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงืจืึธืงืข, ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืžื‘ืขืจื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืกืง, 
ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผื•ืœื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืœืึธืฉืŸ. ื‘ืขืฉืืก ื“ืขืจ ืกืคืืจื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืจื™ื™- 
ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืืฉ- 
ืงืขื ืื–ื™ืฉ-ืคึผื•ืœื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ืœืคึผืœ, ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคึผืฉืื˜ืœืขืš, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื”ืขืžืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืขืžืึธืจืข- 
ื™ื™ึธื“. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืœืขืš, ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืก, ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ- 
ืœื™ืฉืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื™ื™ึธื“, ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื‘ืืœืžืขืœืึธื›ืข, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืœืขื’ืึธืœืข, ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืกื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืœืืžื“ืŸ, ืืœืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ 
ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ื“ื™ ,ืฆืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืข- 
ื ืึธื™, ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ-ื›ื•ืžืขืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคืจื•ื™, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืžืฉืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืืžืึธืœื™ืงืŸ 
ืžืขื“ืจืขืฉ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ื“ืขืจ ,ื ืื›ืœืขืก-ืฆื- 
ืฐืึธ* --- ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ /ื–ื•ื™ื”ืืจ" ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืขื›ืื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉ-ื–ื•ื™ื”ืืจ" ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืงื“ืึธืžืข, ืื– ืžืึธืฉื™ืขืš ืฐื•ืขื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ืžืข ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืขื ,ื–ื•ื™ื”ืืจ" ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืงืื‘ืึธ- 
ืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืืžืฃ 
ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ืึธื ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœืข ืงืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื˜ืืœืžื•ื“. ื“ืขืจืฆื• ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืืžืข, ื“ื™ 


ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืจื•ื™, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜. 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜---ืžืืžืข-ืœืึธืฉืŸ 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
;ืจืึธื–ืฉื™ื ืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืื ื“ืœืขืŸ", ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืคืœืื ืฆื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื•ื 
ืคืึธืœืง. 

ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื˜ืฉืขื›ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•- 
ื’ืขืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื ื ืฒึทืขื ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ -- ื“ืขื ืกืœืื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ, 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœืฑื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ืœื™ืขื ืข 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืฐื•ื™ ื›ืจื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ, ื ืขื‘ืขืš, 
ืงืจืขื˜ืฉืžืข, ื‘ืฒึทื˜ืฉ, ื–ืื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขืŸ, ื“ืึธืงื•ื˜ืฉืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก 
ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืืฉืคึผืึธืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ืกืœืื•ื•ื™ืฉ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก 
ืžืข ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืจื˜- 
ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื ื˜ืืงืกื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ 
ืคืจืื–ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืœืขืš. 

ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, ืื– ืก'ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ 
ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขื ืข. 
ื“ื™ ืจืึธืžืื ื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธ- 
ืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืื›ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ (ืกื•ื‘ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ), ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฐืึธืจืคืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืœืฒึทื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืœื- 
ื˜ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ืข. ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืื›ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ืžืคึผืขืจืคืขืงื˜, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืœืฒึทืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉ ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืืจืฑืกื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืคึผื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืึธืจืžืขืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืข ืคึผืขื ื˜ืขืก, ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฐืึธืจื˜-ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ืคืึธืจืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ,. ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ืืœื˜- 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกื™ื ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืื™ื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉืข, ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข, ื•ื™ 
ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ, ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ื˜ืืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ, ืฐื™ ืฉืคึผืื ื™ืฉ, ื•ื™ 
ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ. 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืข ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ 17:ื˜ืŸ ื™ื”., ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ืกื˜ืจืื“ื™ื•ื•ืืจื™ื•ืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืคื™ื“ืœ; ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืกื˜ืจืื“ื™ื•ื•ืืจื™ื•ืก-ืคื™ื“ืœ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฐืฑื™ืจื˜ื•ืึธื–ืŸ, ืžืข 
ื“ืืจืฃ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื‘ืจืขื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœืข ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืขื ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืื“ื™ื•ื•ืืจื™ื•ืก-ืคื™ื“ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™ื ืข ืฐื™ืจื˜ื•ืึธื–ืŸ, 
ืื–ื•ื™ื ืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ื™ื–ืŸ. ืคืจื™ืขืจ 
ืื ืึธื ื™ืžืข -- ื“ืึธืก ื›ืกื™ื“ืขืก, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืจ- 
ื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ --ื ืขืฉืึธืžืข, 
ืžื•ื™ืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืืฆืข. 

ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกื™ื“ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืึธืก ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ืฉืข 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ. ืก'ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืจ' ื ืื›ืžืขืŸ 
ื‘ืจืืกืœืื•ื•ืขืจืก ืžื™ื™ืกืขืก, 

ื“ืืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคึผืจืึธืœืขื˜ืืจื™ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื ืขืžื˜ ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืืฃ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื™ืขืกื•ื™ื“ืขืก. ืื“ืื ืง 
ื“ืขื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฐื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืข ื‘ื•ืš, ืก'ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืข, ื ื’ืœื™ื“ื™ื’ืœื™ื“-ืฉื•ื•ืขืก- 
ื˜ืขืจืงื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ,ืฉืžื•ืขืœ-ื‘ื•ืš" ืคื•ืŸ 
4'ื˜ืŸ ื™ื”, 


197 


ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคืืจื ืขื --ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข, ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ. ืฉืึธ- 
ืœืขื-ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขื, -- ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ 


ืฐื•ืึธื’ื™ืงืฒึทื˜,. ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืข,. ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข 
ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ื•ื•ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจืฒื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืืžืขื ื˜ 


ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ, ืก'ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜ 
ืื•ื™ืก ื ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืข ื’ืขื‘ืฒึทื“ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืŸ 
ื˜ื™ืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฐืึธืœืงื ืก. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฉืคึผื™ืฆืŸ 
ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดืฉืขื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. 

ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ --- ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜- 
ืœืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกื™ืงืขืจ, ื“ื™ , ื™ื•ื ื’ืข* ืคื•ืŸ ืืžืข- 
ืจื™ืงืข, ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืจื•ืคึผื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื ื“ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข, 
ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“. 

ืื•ืŸ ืฐื•ื™ ืจืฒึทืš ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืื•ื™ืฆืจืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ 
ื“ืึธืก , ืฉืžื•ืขืœ-ื‘ื•ืš" ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืขืœื“ืŸ-ืขืคึผืึธืกืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืœืขืš, 
ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื’ืขืคืึธืจืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืื–ื•ื™ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืื›ืœืขืš ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ ืืฑื™ืกื’ืขืคืึธืจืฉื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฐื•ืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœื˜ืข ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื–ืขืกืขื ืข ื™ื™ึทืฉื•ึผื™ื ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคึผืฑืœืŸ, ื™ื™ึดืฉื•ึผื•ื•ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ, 
ื–ืขืงืก ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ, ืื›ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ. ื“ืึธืก 
ื–ืืคื˜ื™ืงืข ืจื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื•ื™ ื’ืขื”ืข- 
ืจื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืงืœื™ื - 
ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืื ื’ืข ืคืืกืขื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื’ืืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ---ื ืงืืจืงืข ื‘ืกื•ืœืข. ื“ื™ ืื•ืค- 


ื’ืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื•ืืจืฆืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. 
ืก'ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืื ืื“ืข, ืืจื’ืขื ื˜ื™ื ืข, 
ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืขืฅื™ื™ื™ืกืจืึธืขืœ --- ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก 
ืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ 
ืื•ืคื ืขืžืขืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืคืึธืจื, ื ืœืขื•ื•ืฉ. 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืคื™ืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืข- 
ืฐื•ึผืฉ ื“ืืจืฃ ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืขืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืœืฒึทื‘. 

ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืฉืคึผืจืืš, ืฐืฒึทืœ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืขืœื˜-ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืื™ืŸ 1750 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกืึธืจ ืงืจื™ื–ืื ื“ืขืจ, ื ืงืจื™ืกื˜, ื’ืข- 
ืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ: ,ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืŸ, ืื– ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ 
ืืฑืกืคึผืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜". ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืžื™ืจ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืžื™ื™, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืœืึธื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืข- 
ื ืขืฆืŸ,. ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜-ืฆื•-ื˜ืึธื’, ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ 
ืฐื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืขื ื’ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ื–ืึธื’ืŸ; ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-ืœืื ื“ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื 
ื ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืฃ, ืขืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ-ืกื™ืžืคืึธื ื™ืข. ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ 
ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ; 

ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข, ืื–ื™ืข, ืืคืจื™ืงืข, ืื•ื•ืกื˜ืจืืœื™ืข-- 
ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื˜, ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื - 
ื˜ืขืจ, ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืžืฒึทืœ, ื™ืืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื“ืขืจ, ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืฃ, ืคื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื - 
ืฆื™ืง ืฉืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืกืœืขืก, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ, 
ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืึธืฉืŸ, ืก'ืœืึธืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจ- 
ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ืฐืึธืก ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขื˜ ืึธืคึผืฉืืคืŸ ืกื™ื ืข ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืืก ืฆื•ืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืง 
ืื•ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืข, ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืจืืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืจืืกืข. 


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ื‘ืจืึทื ื™ืง! 
ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒื™ืขืจ ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ืก ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ 


ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืกื™ื–ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืžืึธืกืงืฐืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 


ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืœื™ื‘ืฉืืคื˜ ื“ื™ 


ื’ืืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื˜-ื˜ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื ื™ื™ืœืื ื“ 


ื•ื•ืืฐื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื™ื’ืืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื - 
ื”ืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืฒื™ืขืจ ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ืก 
0"ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืฉืืคื•ื ื’. 

ื ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ืึธืจื˜ ืคืืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืืฑื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืœื•ื ื’ 
ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกืœืื ื“, 
ืฐื•ึผ ืžื™ื™ืขืจ ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ 


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ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืกืขืœืขืš ืคื•ื ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื ืกืง, 
ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผื™ื™ื–ืื–ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™- 
ื’ืขืจ, ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ื˜ื•ืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ 
ืคื™ืœ ืœื™ื‘ื”ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืœืข- 
ืจืฒึทื™ืงื•ื ืกื˜. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคืฒึทืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืขืคืขื ื•ื ื’ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื•ื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ 
ื˜ื•ืžืื ื™ืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืงื˜ืึธืจ ืขืœืงืึธื ื™, 


ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจื™ ื’ืขืจื˜ืฉื•ืง, ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ืจื™ื•ื•ืงืข ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ. 

ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ึดืขืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืกืงืฐืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืจืกืคืกืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืงืื˜ืืœืึธื’. 


ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ื ืžืึธื ืึธ- 
ื’ืจืืคื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืขืจ ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ืก 
ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ (ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ -- ื’ืขืึธืจื’ื™ ืคื™ืึธื™ 
ื“ืึธืจืึธื•ื•). 


10* 


ืžื•ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ 


ื’ืฑืจืึธืœืขื ืืคืŸ ืขืงืจืืŸ 


ืืœืขืžืึธืœ, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืึธืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ 
ืžืฒึทื ืข ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ, ื‘ืืžื™ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืฉืืคืŸ ื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืข 
ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’, ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฃ ื ื ืฒื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ,ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืข 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ", ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืขื’ืœื™ื›ืŸ 
ืฆื• ื ื’ื™ื’ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืคื ืขืžืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ืืกืŸ ื›ื•ื- 
ืœื™ืขืก -- ื–ื•ืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึธืคึผ ื“ืฒึทื ืข. ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ื•ืขืง 
ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืึธื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืžืึธื ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคื™ืœื , ืžื™ืžื™ื ืึธ". ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจ ื’. ื“ืื ืขืœื™ื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืึธื™ืœืขื ื˜ืข ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื ื ืึธืขื ื˜ืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ 
ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™- 
ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ --ืืŸ ืืจืžืขื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืœืขืš ืคึผืฒึทื ืข ื›ืขื•ื•ืจืข... ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ื ืคึผืฒ 
ืœืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื™ืฉื ืคืขืœืงืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืœื™ื ื™ืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืืขืจืึธืคึผืœืึธื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ืžืขืจ ืขืจ ื‘ืืึธื‘ืื›ื˜ืขื˜ ืงืึท- 
ืœืขืจืœื™ื™ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜, ืืœืฅ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ืฆื™ึถืขืŸ 
ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœืฒึทื‘ืœืขื›ืข ืงืื•ื•ืงืื–ืขืจ 
ื‘ืขืจื’, ืืœืฅ ืžืขืจ ื’ืœื•ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืื”ื™ืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื”ื•ื™ื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืฉืข ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ. 

ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ, ืฐืขืŸ ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื•ืฐืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจ- 
ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืขืจืึธืคึผืœืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื›ืขืŸ, ืคึผืจื•ึผืฐื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜, ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ื ื˜ืข- 
ืœืขืคืึธื–ื™ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš. ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืฉื˜ ื ืขืžื˜ 
ืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ 
ืืจื•ื ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ-ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ ืฆื•ื 
ืื•ื™ืขืจ. ืื™ื ื’ื™ื›ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ, ืื– ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผื- 
ืกื™ืจื˜ ื ืžื™ืกืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ: ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืœืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ื ืคืืจื™ืฒื ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื–ื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื˜ืขืœืื•ื™, ื ืึธืจ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธื ื™ืกื˜ืงืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืงื™ืžืื˜ ืื–ื•ื™-- ื˜ืขืœ- 
ืื•ื•ื™ื•ื•... ืืฃ ื™ืขื ืขื, ืืคืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืขืง ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ืขืœืข- 
ืคืึธืŸื™ื“ืจืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื‘ื- 
ื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืฉืคึผืจืืš. ืžืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื™ื-- 
ืื™ืฆื™ืง. ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืขืก, ืื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ-ื’ืขืฉืคึผืจืขืš. ื“ืึธืš 
ื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืฆื™ืง ื“ืขื ืคึผื™ืœืึธื˜, ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื•ื•ืขืงืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืฒึทื‘ืœืขื›ืŸ ืงื•ื˜ืืœืกื™... ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก 
ืงืึธื ืขืŸ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉื ืคืขืœืงืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืข- 
ืคืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ โ€ ืžืื ืฆื‘ืœืขืŸ, ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ? ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืก,. ืื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืขืจืขืจ, ื•ื™ ืืŸ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธืฉืŸ 


ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื˜ ื–ื™ื™... 
ืคืึธืจ; 

-- ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ.. 

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืœื™ื“, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื•ื™ื™ืกืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ื“ื”ืฒึทื˜ - ืกืฒึท ืื™ืจืข ื•ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืกืฒึท ืื™ืจ 
ื ื™ื’ืŸ. 

-- ืื™ืกืืง, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื• ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ?-- 
ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืœืึธื˜, ื“ืขืจืคื™ืœื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜, ืื– 
ืืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืง ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืื‘ืขืœ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืฉืฐื•ึผื ื“ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืงืึธืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ. 

-- ืื™ืš ืฉืฐืฐืฒึทื’ ื ื™ื˜... ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ... 

ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืฐืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ืื ืฆื•ืฉืฑื™ืขืจ! ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ 
ืื™ืฆื™ืง?! ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื- 
ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, ืฐื•ื™ ืก'ืื™ื–ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ.. 
ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืืจื’ื˜ ืื™ื ื ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื’ืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืึธื˜ ื™ืขื ืขื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจืคืึธืœื’ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืข 
ืœืื ื“ืกืœืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ื™ึทืขืฉ- 
ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜ ,ื ืึธืกื˜ืืœื’ื ืข"? ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคืืจืœืขืฉืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ. ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜, ืขืจ ืฆืขืคืœืืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ. ืžืข ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืืคื™ืœืข, ืื– ืขืจ 
ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืขืจื•ื™ 
ืฉืข... ืก'ืงืึธืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืžื ื™ืกืคื•ืœืขืจ 
ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืคื™ื™ื’ืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขืกื˜ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ 
ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืืฃ ื ื˜ืึธื’, ืืฃ ื ืฉืึธ, ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืฃ ืืฒื‘ื™ืง ื–ื™ 
ืคืืจืœืึธื–ื˜. 

ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืขืคึผื™ื–ืึธื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื ,ืžื™ืžื™ื ืึธ" 
ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ื˜, ื•ื™ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืก ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ืงื™ื ืึธื™ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืœืข ืคืืจื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ 
ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืข 
ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜. ืื–ื•ื™ ื•ื™ 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืžืึธืœืขืจืฒึท ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืขืžืื˜ืึธื’ืจืืฃ ืฆื• ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืœืžืขื ื˜ืฉ- 
ืœืขื›ืก, ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืกืืžืข ืฆื•ืฆื™ึทืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื™- 
ื’ืขืจื™ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคืึธืœืง, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ 
ืกื™ืžืคึผืื˜ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข 
ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืœืกื˜ืข 
ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ืžืœืขืš ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธ- 
ื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื™ื ืึธ-ืงื•ื ืกื˜. ืคื™ืœ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงื™ื ืึธืœืขื ื˜ืขืก 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ 


199 


ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐื™ื“ืžืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืฑืจืึธืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ืคืขืœืงืขืจ, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ืขื’, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœ- 
ืฉืืคื˜. 


ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš, ืื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฆืฑื’ืŸ 
ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื™- 
ื ืึธื“ืงื•ื ืกื˜. ื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ 1919, ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ 
ื™ืึธืจื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฑื™ื˜ืขืจ ืืจืžื™ื™, 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจ ื. ืจืื–ื•ืžื ื™, 
ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืกืฆืขื ืืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืœ. ืฉื™ืคึผื•ืœื™ื ืกืงื™, 
ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืงื™ื ืึธืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืื–ื ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง--, ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืื‘- 
ืจืื". ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื’ื™ื˜ืคื™ืœื 
ื ืขืžื˜ ืืจื•ื ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’. ืืคืŸ ืขืงืจืืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืฃ 
ืจืขืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืื“ืจืขืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ื•ืคึผื˜ื™ื”ืขืœื“ --ื ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจืœ. ืขืก 
ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึธื ื˜, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื ืฉื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆ- 
ืžื™ื™ืขื ื™ืงืขืก ืืฃ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื- 
ื ื™ืคืขืกื˜ืืฆื™ืขืก, ืขืคึผื™ื–ืึธื“ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจื•ื™ื˜ืืจืžื™ื™ื™ึทืฉืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, 
ื ืฉืœืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืึธื˜ืจื™ืื“ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืืจืžื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืกื•ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข. ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื 
ืื™ื– ืื“ืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืื›ื˜ืœืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฑื˜ืขืจ 
ืืจืžื™ื™. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ืขื 4 ืคืขื•ื•ืจืืœ 
9 ืืคืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“ ืงื™ื ืึธืคืขืกื˜ื™- 
ื•ื•ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื’ื™ื˜ืืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืข ืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธื ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื’ื™ื˜ืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ 
ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืคืึธืœื’ื ื“ืข ืคืจืื’ืขืก: ,ืคืืจ ืฐืึธืก ืงืขืžืคื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ืืจืžื™ื™? ืงืขื’ืŸ ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ืงืขืžืคื˜ ื–ื™? ื•ื™ึทืื–ื•ื™ 
ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ื’ืขืจืื ื’ืœ?" ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื ,ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ 
ืื‘ืจืื" ื”ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืœืงืึธื ื‘ืืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ืคื’ืื‘ืขืก 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธื ืงื•ืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืขืจืงื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืœืก 
ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ื“ืขื 
ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืœืขื ื˜ืข 
ืืฑื™ืกืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ืฐื™ ื ื ืื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจืึธื“ืœื™ื ื™ืงืข. ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ืจ, ื”ืื’ืื ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ 
ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ-ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข, ืื™ื– 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฒึทื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืึธืก ืขืก 
ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฆื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืขืžืื˜ืึธื’ืจืืฃ -- ื“ื™ ื ืฒึทืข, ืงืึธ- 
ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืžืึธืจืืœ, ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืึธื ื- 
ืœืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืก-ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืื ื˜ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงื™ื ืข- 
ืžืื˜ืึธื’ืจืืฃ ืืœืก ื–ืขืœื‘ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืžืื›ื˜. ื•ื™ 
ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืœืื ื’ื™ืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืฒึทืกื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืึธืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืค- 
ื‘ืœื™, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ืข- 
ืžืื˜ืึธื’ืจืืฃ ,ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืจ? 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืงื™ื ืข- 
ืžืื˜ืึธื’ืจืืคืŸ. 

ืื™ืŸ 1928 ืžืขืœื“ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทืกืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืงื™- 
ื ืึธืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข โ€ ื‘ืขืœื’ืึธืกืงื™ื ืึธ?. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื, 


100 


ื ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื , ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืื‘ืจืื" 


ืฐื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ 
, ืืฒึทืขืจ ืขืงืกืขืœืขื ืฅ". ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื˜ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ, ืœืฑื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืกืฆืขื ืืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•. ืกื˜ืจืึธื™ืขื•ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืก. ืจืึธืฉืืœ, ื“ืขืจ 
ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืจืึธืฉืืœ. 
ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฐื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืคึผืืกื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื 5 ืžืฒึท 1902 ืื™ืŸ 
ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืœืขืงืขืจื˜ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืืŸ ืื˜ืขื ื˜ืื˜ ืืคืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืื˜ืึธืจ ืคืึธืŸ 
ื•ื•ืืœ. 


ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืœืขืงืขืจื˜ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจืขืฐืึธืœืฐืขืจ? ืฐืึธืก ืคืืจ ื ื’ืขืฉืขืข- 
ื ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื? ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื˜ืขืจืึธืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืืงื˜ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืœืข- 
ืงืขืจื˜ืก ื›ืื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื? ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืืฃ 
ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืคืจืื’ืขืก. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืขืงืจืืŸ, ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ืืžืœืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื 
ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืฒึท ืืฃ ื ื“ืขืžืึธื ืกื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงืœืืกืŸ-ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ ืคืืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืื˜ืึธืจ ืคืึธืŸ 
ื•ื•ืืœ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœื˜ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจืื ื˜ืŸ. 
ื“ื™ ืงืื–ืืงืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก. ืกื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืจื’ืขื˜ืข, 
ืคืืจื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขื˜ืข, ืคื™ืœ ืืจืขืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ 
ืจืฒึทืคื˜ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจ- 
ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื– ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืœื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ื‘ื•ืจื–ืฉื•ืื–ื™ืข ืฉื™ืงื˜ ื ื“ืขืœืขื’ืืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืื˜ืึธืจ, 
ื–ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืจืึธืคืŸ ื“ื™ , ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื”ืขืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืž- 
ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ". ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœื˜ ืฉืžืฒึทืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจืข- 
ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜ืข. ืฆืฐื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ 
ืœืขืงืขืจื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฉื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ื‘ืขืจื ืื˜ืึธืจ. ื“ื™ ื›ืื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจืฐื™ื“ืขืจืŸ 
ืื™ื: ,,ืžืืจืงืกื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ืึธืคึผ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืจืึธืจื™ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ 
ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืฐืึทืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืŸ ืงืืžืฃ". ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืœืข- 
ืงืขืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึธืคึผืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ. ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฉื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืืœืŸ. ืžืข ื›ืืคึผื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“- 
ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคืืจื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื•ื ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื- 


ืœืขืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง. ื“ืขื ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื- 
ืฐืฒึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืืœืžืขืœืึทื›ืขืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื ืขื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ืื•ื™ืกืคื•ืจืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืข ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจืŸ. 
ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืข- 
ืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืœื˜ืŸ ืจืึธื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืืœืŸ. ืึนืฃ 


10--1 


ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืกืืžื•ื™ึทืœ ืงืืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืฉื™ 


ืื˜ 


ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, 1942 
ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืžืจื•ื™ึดืงืขืจ ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ 


3 
: 


ืื•ื ื™ื™ ื 5 
ื™ื™ ื. 


ื 1 


ื™ = 


ืื˜ ื ื™ื™ 
ื™ื™ ื 
ืืืืืืืืืืืืืŸ. ื 


ื ืื™ 
5 ืืืืืืืืืืŸ. ืฉื ืืœ 


= ื™ื ื 


- 


ืื˜ 


48 
7;7;7 
?/ 


2 


2 
ื 
. 


7 
606: 


262 


: 


ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื™ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืฉื™ื–ื 


ื˜ 


ื”ืืจื‘ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืœืื ื’ืข 


ื 
2 


2 


ื 


ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืฐืึธื•ื• 


ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขื•ืฐื• 


7 ื : 


ืื˜ืืœ 
ืฉื™ื 


ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ืข ืจืึธืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืœืื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืืจื™ืžื˜ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืืงื˜ื™ืึธืจ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ ืœืขืึธื ื™ื“ืึธื•. 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืึธืฐ--ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืกื•ื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ื• ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื’ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืฉื˜ืื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ 
ืื™ื ืึนืฃ ื ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก. 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืจืึธืฉืืœืก ืืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืก ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ืขืŸ ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ืœื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ 
ืžืืจืง ื“ืึธื ืกืงืึธื™. ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื ืขืžืื˜ืึธ- 
ื’ืจืืฃ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืž. ื“ืึธื ืกืงืึธื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืฑืจืึธืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฐืขืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื’ืข- 
ืœืขื’ื ื”ืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ 
ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข. ื ืึธืจ ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื’. ืจืึธืฉืืœืก 
ืฉืืคื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ 1930 ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืŸ ืคื™ืœื 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืจื™ึตืึธื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืฉื˜ื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื ืึธ --,ื“ืขืจ 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ" (ืกืฆืขื ืืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืก. ืจืึธืฉืืœ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•. ืกื˜ืจืึธื™ืขื•ื•ื). 

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ืฑื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ- 
ืฉืขืจ ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธื•ื•ื™ื“ ื’ืึธืจืขืœื™ืง. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžื˜ 
ืขืจ? ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ืืจืฉื˜ืื˜, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ื‘ืืง- 
ื•ื•ืขืžืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืืจื˜ื™ืจ, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืจื•ืฒึทืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื–ื•ื™ 
ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื’ืœื™ืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื™ืจื‘ืœ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ, ืคื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜- 
ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข, ืคืืจื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ 
ื“ืขื ื ืื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืœืึธื’ืขื ืขื ืฉื ืฒึทื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื 
ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ื–ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ืงืขืžืคืขืจ ืคืืจ ื ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืขืจ 
ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜, ื“ืขืจืึธื‘ืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื’ืึธืจืขืœื™ืง ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืขื›ื˜ 
ื’ืœื™ืง, 

ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืจืึธืฉืืœ ืคืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืฃ ื’ืึธืจืขืœื™ืงืก ืจืึธืœ 
ื“ืขื ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ืึธืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ืึธืžื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืกืงื™ืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืขืžืขืŸ ืฉืœื™ืžืข ืžื™ื›ืึธืขืœืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืžืึธืœ ื’ืข- 
ื–ืึธื’ื˜: , ืงืฑื™ื“ืขืžืงืึธืœ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืจื™ืจืขืฐื•ื“ื™ืง. ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก 
ื“ืึธืก, ืฐืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืœืขื›ืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืžืื›ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง. ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื‘ืกื˜ืจืืง- 
ื˜ืข ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ ื•ืืงืกื˜ ื‘ื ืื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืืก ื 
ืงืึธื ืงืจืขื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ-ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜". 

ืงืขื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื•ืกืงื™ื ืก ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ืขืœื“. 
ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื˜ืืงืข, ืคืืœื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื ืกื ืืจื™ืื“-ืฐืึธืจืึธื ืงืข, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 
ื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธืœื“ืื˜, ืฐืขืœื›ืขืจ ืจืื˜ืขืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ื’ืึธืจืขืœื™ืง ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ 
ืื™ื ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ--ื“ืขื ืงืึธืžื™ืฐืึธื™ืื–ืฉืึธืจ 
ืฉื˜ืจืืžื‘ืจืื ื“ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืคืœืขื’ื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• 
ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื›ื•ื™ืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉืœืื ื“. 

ื’ืึธืจืขืœื™ืง ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืงืขืžืคื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ 
ืึธืงืึธืคึผ. ืขืจ ืงืึธืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืคืืจืฐืึธืก 
ืžืข ื‘ืื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื’ืข- 
ืคืื ื’ืขื ืขื. 

-- ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื ื’ืขืคืื ื’ืขื ืขืจ?-- ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื ื˜, -- ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ืกืึธืœืึธืžืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืืžื‘ืจืื ื“ื˜... 

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืฐืึธืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื–ืขื ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืžื™ึทื•ื•ืึธื™ืื–ืฉืึธืจ ืืœืก ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืขื- 
ื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืึธืจืขืœื™ืง ื•ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืืŸ ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื ืฒึทืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข. ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื’ืฑืจืึธืœืขืก. ืฉื˜ืจืืž- 
ื‘ืจืื ื“ื˜, ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืืฑืกืฐื•ึผืจืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื 


ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ. ื’ืึธืจืขืœื™ืงืŸ ื”ืืจื’ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืจืขืฐืึธ- 
ืœื™ื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืŸ... 

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืคื™ืœื ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื– ื“ื™ 
ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ืคืขืกื˜ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืคืŸ ืกืžืืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ 
ืึธื ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื˜-ืงืจื•ื™ื•ื•ืขืฉืืคื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™- 
ืงืข ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืฆืฐื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื•ืืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•- 
ืงื•ื ืคื˜. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืื’ื™ืฉืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื, ืื™ื– 
ืขืจ ืืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ืคืœืื ืฆื˜ ื’ืœื™ื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืฉืืคื˜, ืฐืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ 
ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื•ื ืืœืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง. 

ืืฃ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืจื•ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืฒึท- 
ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื›ืžืืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ืขืœื˜-ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, 
ื•ืขืŸ ื’. ืจืึธืฉืืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืื ื˜ื™ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ืœื , ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข ืึธืคึผืขื - 
ื”ื™ื™ื?, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืฆืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื™ื ืขืžืื˜ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข. ื•ื™ ื‘ื- 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืืจื™ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ืœื ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืคืŸ ืกืžืืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ึทืึธืŸ ืคื•ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื•ืื ื’ืขืจืก ืฐืขืจืง. 
ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ-ืื ื˜ื™ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ืžืึธืœ ื‘ื- 
ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืกืฆืขื ืืจื™. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•- 
ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื•ื™ืฉ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœ ืคืืจ 
ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื, ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœ. ืคื•ื™ื›ื˜ื•ื•ืื ื’ืขืจ, ืฐืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ืื ืข- 
ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื™ึทืื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืงืจืข- 
ื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืึธื ืฉืฑื•ึผื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคื- 
ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืขื ืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 
ืื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืจืื ื’ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืจื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึผืขืกื˜. ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืจืึธืฉืืœืก ืคื™ืœื ,ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฉ- 
ืคึผืึธื›ืข ืึธืคึผืขื ื”ืฒื™ื?, ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืืคืŸ ืขืง- 
ืจืืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื ืขื 
ืืจืกืขื ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ื™ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ื™ื›ืขืก. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืฉืืฆืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืึธืœื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืžืืกืงื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื™ื“ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ืคืืฉื™ื–ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืžืœื˜ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื ืฆื•ืคืืœืŸ ืืฃ ืื•ื ื“- 
ื–ืขืจ ืœืื ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ืœื ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ- 
ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, ืฐืึธืก ืงืจื™ื›ื˜ ืืฃ ืืฒื™ืจืึธืคึผืข. 

ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื™ืืงืึธื‘ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืืจื˜ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ ืฉืœื•ื™ืžืข ืžื™ื›ืึธืขืœืก, 
ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืจื™- 
ืกืขืจ ืžืึธืก ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ืœื. 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืืจื”ืขืœื˜ื ืกืžืขืกื™ืง ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ืขืคึผื™ื–ืึธื“, ื•ื•ืขืŸ 
ื“ื™ ืคืืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืื ื“ืข ืื™ื–ื“ื™ืขืงืขืฐืฐืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ 
ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืžื™ื›ืึธืขืœืกืŸ ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธ- 
ืคื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขืžืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื–ืงืฒึทื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’, ื ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืคืืจืœื™ืจื˜ 
ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ. ืื™ื ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ืขืŸ, 
ืฐืขืŸ ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืฃ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ื™ืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืจ ืคืืจื”ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืฒึทืกื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืืงื˜ื™ืึธืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื™ืืงืึธื‘ื™ืก 
ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืฉืข ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ืงืœื™ื˜, ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื’ืจืฒื™ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืืœืฅ ืžื•ื™ื›ืœ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืืœืขืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ. ืžื™ื›ืึธึทืขืœืก ืฐืึธืจื ื˜, ืื– ืื™ื ืขื 
ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื’ืขืจืื ื’ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื›ืฒึทื™ึดืฉืŸ ื˜ืึธืš ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคืืฉื™ื–ื ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข. 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ืื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ ืฆื• 
ื‘ืืงืื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืืจื˜ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืจืึธืฉืืœ. 


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ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ืคืื ื’ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืœืฐืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ 
ืื–ื•ื™: ,ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืขืžืื˜ืึธื’ืจืืฃ ืื™ื– ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐื™ ื ื ืขืก, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืจ- 
ื”ืื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืœื“ืึธืก ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืกื“ื™ืงืก. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื 
ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ืึธื‘ืข ืื™ืŸ ื ืคึผืจืึธืฐื™ื ืฆื™ึทืขืœ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื ืึธืฐืึธื–ื™ื‘ืงืึธืฐ. 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข-ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ื˜ืึธ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึนืฃ ื“ืœื 
ื”ื™ืœืฆืขืจื ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฑื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืกืึธืŸ, 
ืฐืึธืก ืจื•ืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš , ืคึผืจืฒึทืข ืกืจื™ื™ืคืขื™ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜", ืค'ื ืงื™ 
ืœืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ืข, ื’ืจื™ื ืข, ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืขื™ืœืขืžืคึผืœืขืš ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืขืžืื˜ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉื™ืœื“: , ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืื˜ืข 
ืื™ืœื™ื•ื–ื™ืึธืŸ". ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืœืืžืขื“, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš 
ื’ืขืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืง ืงืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืืจืึธืคึผื™ 
ื”ืขื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ืจืขืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืขืžืขืกืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ 
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืœืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืžืขืจ. ืืฒื ืžืึธืœ, ื ืึธืš 
ื“ืขื ื•ื™ ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ืœืื ื’ืข ืฉืึธืขืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขื“ืจืข 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธืš, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื‘ืข ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืงืœ, 
ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื•ื™ื-ืงื•ื™ื ื’ืขืคื™ื ืงืœื˜ ื ืคืฒึทืขืจืœ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ื’ืื–-ืœืึธืžืคึผ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืืคืŸ ืคึผืจืฒ 
ืคึผืขื˜ืฉืขืง. ืžื™ื˜ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื‘ืข ื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขื˜ืึธืŸ: 
,ืื™ืš ื–ืข ื“ืึธืš, ืฐืึธืก ื“ื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ื“ื™ ืฐื•ื™ืœืกื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ 
ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืื˜ืข. ืคืืจืฐืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืึธื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื–ื ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ?" 

ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืฐืึธืจื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื“ืขืจืœืฑื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ื‘ืึธื‘ืขืฉื™, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึธืงืŸ ืื•ื•ืขืง ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ , ืื™ืœื™ื•- 
ื–ื™ึตืึธืŸ". ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืžืึธื ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื , ืืœื™- 
ื‘ืื‘ื ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ื’ืื–ืœืึธื ื™ื". ื“ื™ ืงืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืื•ืžื•ืคื”ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืงื ืืงืขืจืฒึท ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืคืืจืžื™ื ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ืฉืขืคื“ื™ืงืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง, ืฐืึธืก 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืืคืŸ ืขืงืจืืŸ. 
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจื™ืงืข ืคึผื™ืื ื™ื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื‘ืข, ื“ืจื™ืงื ื“ื™ืง ืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืื ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืคึผ- 
ื˜ืฉืขื˜: ,ื ื ืขืก, ื ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ! ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ 
ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ; 
,ืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืฃ, ืกืขื–ืื!" ืึธื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืฆืข- 
ืขืคื ื˜ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืกืขื–ืื. ื ื‘ืืจื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ืกื™ื! ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืงืœืขืจืŸ, ืื– ื›ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขืจืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืื–ื ืฉืึธ 


ืื•ืŸ ืฐืขืœ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืก!" ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืžืขืœืืžืขื“ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืงืœื˜ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ 
ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึธืคื˜ืข ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืฒืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืขืžืื˜ืึธื’ืจืืฃ". 

ื™ืึธ, ื“ืขืžืœื˜, ืืžืึธืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืึธื ืคืื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ืงื™ื ื“ ืืœืฆื™ื™ื ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื”ืขืจืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืืคืŸ ืขืงืจืืŸ ื‘ืืฐืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืข 
ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืŸ. ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืขืจ 
ืžืขืœืืžืขื“ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืืฃ ื ืจืขื’ืข ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืื– 
ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืœื™ื•ื–ื™ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืœืข, ืขืคื ื˜ ืขืจ 
ืื•ืฃ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืึธ-ืงื•ื ืกื˜, ืื– ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ ืฐืขื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืงื™- 
ืฉืขืคืžืื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜. 

ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืŸ ื“ืื ืง ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ืึธื ืฉื˜ืขืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื ืึธืฐืึธื–ื™ื‘ืงืึธืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื ื’ืขืœืข 
ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ืžื™ื˜ืœื‘ืืจืงืฒึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื ืฆื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคืืจ 
ื“ื™ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ื ื•ื ืคื˜. 

ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืงื™ื ืึธืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธื - 
ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืขืงืจืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจืขืจ 
ื•ืฐื•ืขืœื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืคืึธืœืงืกื™ืืจื˜ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืจืึธืฉืืœ. ื“ืึธืก 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืืฐืœืึธืฐืŸ, ืžื•ืกืึธืจื’ืกืงื™ืŸ, ืจื™ืž- 
ืกืงื™-ืงืึธืจืกืืงืึธืฐื•ืŸ, ืขืงืจืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ืค. ื“ืึธืกื˜ืึธื™ืขืฐื•ืกืงื™, ืž. ื’ืึธืจืงื™, ื. ื˜ืึธืœืกื˜ืึธื™, ืค. ื’ืœืื“- 


ืงืึธื•ื•. ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืงืื–ืื›ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื™ืœื -- ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืคืึธืœืงืกื™ืคึผืึธืขื˜ ืื‘ืฒึท ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ 
ืจืึธืฉืืœ. 


ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืœืฐืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื‘ืขืจืึธืฉ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื”ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืฉืืคืŸ ืคื™ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืœืื ื“. ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืื™ื™ืฆืขืก 
ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจืŸ, ื’ืข- 
ืœืขืจื ื˜ืข ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืื”ืขืคื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืœืึธื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืึธ. ืืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื˜ืขืจ ื ืื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืขืœื- 
ืžืขื“ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืืœืžื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ,ืื™ืœื™ื•- 
ื–ื™ึธืึธืŸ". ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืžึฟืฒึทื™ 
ืกื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืฉืขืคืžืื›ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืงืจืืŸ, ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืฉื™- 
ืœืขืจ ืื™ื ืขื ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜. 


ื“ ืขืกื™ื ื™ืŸ 


ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืกืŸ 


ื’ืœืฒึทืš ื‘ื ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก- 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 
ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจืืฃ ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธื•ื•. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฐื•ึผืกื˜, ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืืฃ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืืจ- 
ืžืฒื™ึทืฉืข ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื•ื ืขื 1939 ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ 1946 ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื˜ ืกืฒึท ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืงืก 
ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืขื ื“ื–ืœ. ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฆืึธืœ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื˜ืืจืžื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจ- 
ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ 1964 ืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ืขืจ ืืœืก ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจืืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข: 
ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืœื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืืฐืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืœื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 


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ืงืึธืฐื•ื ืข. ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
0 ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืขืก ืฆื• ืคึผื™ืขืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืขื 
ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื ืข ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ-- 
ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืข, ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื•- 
ื–ื™ืงืืœืข. 

ืื™ืฆื˜, ื•ืฐืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข ืžืขืจืงื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื›ืื™ึตืœ ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธืฐืก 60-ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคืืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื - 
ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื›ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืกื™ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ. ืขืก ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื“ืขืจ 
ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ื™ืฐืึธ, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜. 


ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ืคืขืจืฆืึธื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืคื•ืœืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜- 
ื˜ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืฐื•ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื”ืฑื™ืคึผื˜ื™ืงื™ื ืกื˜- 
ืœืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืžืขืœื•ื›ื™ืฉืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ 


ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข, 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจืืฃ ื”ืึธื˜ 
ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธื•ืฐื• ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื‘ืื ื”ืฑืคึผื˜-ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื 


ืึธื“ืขืกืขืจ ืึธืคึผืขืจืขื™ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืงืึธืจื- 
ื˜ืึธืจ ืื™. ื ืื–ืืจืึธื•ื•, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ืœืฒึทื“ื - 
ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื ืึธื›ืคืึธืœื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจืืคืŸ- 
ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื˜ืขืื˜ืจืืœืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜- 
ืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืืงืขื˜, ืฐื™ ื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืจื•ื™ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืกืงืขืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ื- 
ืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื“ืขืงืึธืจืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืกืงื™ื–. ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธ ืื™ื– 
ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื ืื–ืืจืึธื•ื•ืก ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’, ื ืึธื›ืคืึธืœื’ื ื“ื™ืง 
ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ืงื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธืฐืก ืžืืงืขื˜ืŸ 
ืก'ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืข ืคืืจืงืขืจืคึผืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจ-ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืคึผืึธื›ืข, 
ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืขืกืข. 
ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืœืืงืึธื ื™ืฉ, ื•ื™ ื™ืขื“ืข ื“ืขื˜ืืœ 
ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฐืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“. ื•ื•ื™ืคืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืื ื˜ืื–ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึธื ื’ืขืฐืขื ื“ื˜! ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืข ืงืœืฒื ื™ืงืฒึทื˜, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืื™ื– ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืขืกืข. ืฐื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง 
ื“ื™ ื“ืขื˜ืืœ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ, ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืื–ื ื™ื•ื•ื•ืขืœื™ืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขื›- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื– ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง, ืฐื•ื™ ืก'ืฐืึธืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธ 
ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืœืกื˜ืข ืืจืื‘ืขืกืงืŸ 

ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืคืืจืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืงืกื™ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœื ืข ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ 
ืคึผื™ืขืกืŸ , ื–ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ, ืื– ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขื’", , ืžืืกืึธืขืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ืึธืžื™ืŸ ื”ืืฉืœื™ืฉื™", , ื‘ืœืึทื ื“ื–ื ื“ืข 
ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ", ,ื›ืขืœืžืขืจ ื›ืื›ืึธืžื™ื" ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“. 

ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจืืฃ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืขืกืข. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ 
ื’ืขืฉืคึผื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ,ื›ืขืœืžืขืจ ื›ืื›ืึธ- 
ืžื™ื". ืื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืขืœื ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืข ืฆื“ืึธ- 
ื“ื™ื, ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื‘ื’ืึธื“ื™ื ืื•ื™ืš 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืฉื˜ืจืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ. ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืืงืข ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืืฃ 
ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข ื“ื™ ื›ืขืœืžืขืจ ื›ืื›ืึธืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงืึธ- 
ืœื™ืจื˜ืข ื‘ื’ืึธื“ื™ื: ื’ืจื™ื ืข, ื’ืขืœืข, ืจืฑื˜ืข, ื‘ืœืฑืข ืงื- 
ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืงืึธืœื™ืจืŸ --ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื“ ื‘ื 
ื“ื™ ื›ืขืœืžืขืจ, ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืœืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืึธื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืžืฒึทืกืขื“ื™ืง-ืฉื˜ื™ืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืืฒึทื ืคืืœ. 

ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ,ื–ืึธื’ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ, ืื– 
ื“ื• ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืขืฆื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’" ืื™ืŸ ืž. ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธืฐืก ืกืฆืข- 
ื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื ืœืื‘ื™- 
ืจื™ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐื™ืœื ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืœืขืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ืื˜- 
ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ืื–ื•ื™, ืื– ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืš, 
ืฐืึธืก ื›'ื”ืึธื‘ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืฐื ืขืจ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ, ื• ื“ื™ 
ื“ืึธืจื˜ื™ืงืข ืคืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ืขืจ-ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ืฆืœืื’ืขืจ 
ื“ืื›ืื•, ื”ืึธื‘ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืงืึธื ื˜ ื‘ืืคืจืฒึทืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืง. 

ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธืฐื• ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื™ื’ื ื™ 
ืืจื˜ื™ืง. ืืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืืกื™ืฉืข ืคึผื™ืขืกืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 
ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ืขื•ื™ืกืŸ 
ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื˜ืจืืคืืจืขื˜ืข ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข, ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’, ืฐืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืื‘ืœืึธืŸ. 


ื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืฒึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข 
ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจืงื™ืก ,ืืคืŸ ื“ืขืง", ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืคืืจืŸ 
ืขืจืคื•ืจื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ (ื“ืฒึทื˜ืฉื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืžืึธืงืจืื˜ื™ืฉืข 
ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืง). ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธื•ื• ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆ;ืึธื ืขืœืข ื ืื›ื˜-ืื›ืกืื ื™ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืขืก. ืึธื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื, 
ืฉืืคื˜ ืขืจ ื ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืข, ืฐืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืคืึธืจ ื ืคืืจืฐืึธืจืคืขื ืขื ืฆืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžืขื˜ืืœ-ืคืื‘ืจื™ืง. 
ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืข ืจืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคึผ, ืฐืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืข- 
ืฉืžืขืœืฆื˜ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืืฒึทื–ืขืจื ืข ื˜ืึธืฐื•ืœืขืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– 
ืคืืจื–ืฉืืฐื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ืžืœื˜. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืจื™ืจ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 
ืงืขืจ ืจื•ืคื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืกืจื™ืงืคึผืขืจืฒึท. ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ 
ืคืืจ ื ื ืื›ื˜ืœืขื’ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข, ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ- 
ืžืึธื ื˜, ืื– ื“ืึธ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข --ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืืœืขื ืขืจ ืคึผืœืืกื˜ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืกื™ืœื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ืงืึธื ืข. ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืงืœืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืืคืŸ 
ื“ืขืง". 

ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธื•ื• ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฐื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืžื- 
ืงืขื˜ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ-ืงื•ื ืกื˜. ืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš 
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื, ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืฐืฒึทื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืฆืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืจื•ื™ื. ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง 
ืฉืืฆื˜ ืขืจ ืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืจืืœืŸ ืขืกืงื™ื–. ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธืฐื• ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜, ืื– ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ืงืขืจ-ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคืืจ ืคืืจื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ 
ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื™ื“ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื™ื‘ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืืงื•ื•ืืจืขืœ. 

ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ 1951 ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ 
ืืงื•ื•ืืจืขืœืข ืคึผื™ื™ื–ืื–ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืกื˜ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜, 
ืฐื™ ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก, ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• 
ื“ืขื. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื ื”ืฑื›ืŸ 
ื ื™ื•ื•ืึธ. 

ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธื•ื•ืก ืืงื•ื•ืืจืขืœืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื”ืืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืจื˜. ืกืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜, 
ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืฑืก- 
ืคื™ืœื•ื ื’. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืกืคื•ืœ, ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉ, ืœื™ืจื™ืฉ. 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืงื•ื•ืืจืขืœืŸ, 
ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ื•ื™ , ืคืึธืจื’ืขืคื™ืœ", ,ืคืื ื˜ื- 
ื–ื™ืข", , ืคืืจื–ื•ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ", โ€ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ- 
ืงืฒึทื˜", ,ืึธืฐื•ื ื˜-ืžื•ื–ื™ืง", , ืื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜". ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืืœืข 
ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธื•ื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฉืคึผืจืืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื‘. ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธืฐืก ื™ืขื“ืข ืืงื•ื•ืืจืขืœ ืื™ื– 
ื ืงื•ื ืกื˜ื™ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐืึธืก ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืฐื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืžืข ื“ืืจืฃ ืขืก ื–ืขืฃ 

ืฆื• ืื–ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ื–ืืžืงืฒึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืืงืฉืึธื ืขืกื“ื™ืงืŸ 
ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืคื•ืœืงื•ืžื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืืงื•ื•ืืจืขืœื™ืกื˜. 

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธืฐืก ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืœ 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื‘ืื’ืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืข 
ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ. ืื™ื ืขื ืงืื˜ืืœืึธื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืงืขื ืขืจ ื’. ืฐืฒึทื˜ืงื•ืก: ,ื“ื™ ื“ืขืงืึท- 
ืจืืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืขืกืข ,ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืœื™ื‘ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื•ื™ืขืŸ 
ื”ื™ืžืœ" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ื ื“ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืฐืขื ื“ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจื- 
ืคื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืž. ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธืฐืก ืกืฆืขื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข. ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืฐืขืจืง ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืข- 
ืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจ;ืึธื“ 
ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื–ื•ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ -- ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจืก ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืข 


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ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื•ืื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ืข 
ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื•ื ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืจ?. 
ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืžืขืจืงื˜, ืื– ืคึผืขืจืฆืึธืฐืŸ ืื™ื– 


ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืฆื•ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ื•ึผื™ 
ืกื˜ืข ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื– ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ 
ืืคืŸ ื ื™ืฐืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ื ืžื™ื˜ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ. 


ืฉื‚. ืจืึธื–ืขื ื˜ืืœ 


ื ืงืึทื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžื•ื™ืง 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื’ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื”ืืจืžืึธื ื™ืข 


ืืฃ ื“ืขื ืึธืฐื ื˜, ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ืฐืขื˜ ื“ืึธ ื’ืฒืŸ 
ื ืจื™ื™ื“, ืื™ื– ืืจืฑื™ืกื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ืžืืงืก 
ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™- 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ-ืกืึธืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื“ืข ืกืฐืขื˜ืœืึธื•ื•ื 
(ืžืขืฆืึธ-ืกืึธืคืจืื ืึธ), ื’ืขื ืื“ื™ ืจืึธื–ืขื ื‘ืขืจื’ (ื˜ืขื ืึธืจ) ืื•ืŸ 
ื ืื˜ืืœื™ืข ืฉืจืขื“ืขืจ (ืคืึทืจื˜ืขืคึผื™ืื ืข). ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจ" 
ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ? 

ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงืœื•ื’ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคื™ืœื˜, 
ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืข ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืžืึธื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ . ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉื™ื™ืŸ", 
.ื“ื™ ืžืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜". ื ื›ืึธืกื™ื“ืœ ืื™ื– 
ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืฒึทื‘ื˜ ื ืื›ืขืก ืคื•ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 
ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืงืืคึผืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืขืก, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืจื•ื ืื™ืŸ 
ืฆืขืคืœื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืคืฒึทืคื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืืœืขืก. 
ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธืก ืืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืš ื ,ื›ืึธื™ 
ืกื™ื“ืœ"! 

,ื›ืืคึผื˜ ืื™ื, ื ืขืžื˜ ืื™ื!"-- ืฉืจืฒึทื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทื“ืขื ืข, 
ืžืข ื–ืึธืœ ืืจืฒึทื ื–ืขืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืื ืขื•ื•, ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก" 
ื’ืขื’ืื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืคืืจืžืขื’ืŸ: ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฆืขืจื™ืกืขื ืข 
ื”ืขืžื“ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื ืคึผืึธืจ ืฆืขื‘ืจืึธื›ืขื ืข ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ 
ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืœื™ื›ื˜. 

ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืืœืฅ --ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืคื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืืคึผืฆืŸ 
ืขืจ ื‘ืืฆื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ื™ืึธืž" 
ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื”ืฒื™ืœื™ืงืŸ ืจืขื‘ืŸ (,ืœืขืงืึธืฐืขื“ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื™" 
ืœื™ืงืŸ ืฉืื‘ืขืก"). ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ 
ืงืึธืคึผื“ืจืฒืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืื ืจืขื‘ืŸ, ืฐืฒึทืœ ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ 
ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึธืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืฉืขื ืข ืืฃ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื›ืืœืข ืฆื•ื ืงื™" 
ื“ืขืฉ. ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืฒึทื ืขื ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื‘ืื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืข" 
ื‘ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืืœืข ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ,ื“ืขืจ ืคื™" 
ืœืึธืกืึธืฃ" ืื•ืŸ , ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ". 

ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉืคึผืืกื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึธืจื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคื˜ ืฆื•ื ืืก" 
ื“ืจื•ืง ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ--ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข,. ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš 
ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ-ื“ื™ืืœืึธื’ืŸ ,ื˜ื•ืื™ื‘ืืœืืœืœื™ืงืข", 
, ื“ื• ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืœืข, ื“ื• ืคืฒึทื ืก". 

ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืก ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ 
ืื™ื ืขื ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืืกืขื ืข-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก (, ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืขื ืขืกื˜ืข") ืื™ื– ืคืืจ ื–ืฒื™ 
ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“. ื“ืึธืก 
ืงืึธืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ,ืงืœืขื–ืžืึธืจื™ืžืœืขืš? ืื•ืŸ ,ืื™ืŸ ืจืึธื“ 
ืืจืฒึทืŸ"-- ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื“ืจื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข 
ื›ืืกืขื ืข-ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืขืื˜ืจืืœื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข. 


164 


ืื‘ื™ ืžืข ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš, 
ืื‘ื™ ืžืข ื–ืขื˜ ื–ื™ืš... -- 


ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืง 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขื“ื™ืข, ืื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜. 
ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• 'ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืงืึธื˜ืœื™ืืจืก , ืœื™ื“ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึธื™ 
ืœืขื" --ื ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืžืึธ- 
ืฆื™ึทืึธื ืขืœืขืจ ืงืจืืคื˜: 


ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืค'ืœื™ื“ืขืœืข ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ. 
ืฐื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜, ืฐื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืืฒืŸ ืžืืžืขืŸ. 


ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืคืขืœื™ืง. ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• 
ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืง ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื–ื•ื™, 
ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื ืกืืš 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ืืงืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคืกื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• 
ืžื•ื–ื™ืง: 


ืฉืคื™ืœื˜ ื–ืฉืข ืžื™ืจ, ืงืœืขื–ืžืึธืจื™ื ืœื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืข, 
ื ืœื™ื“ืขืœืข ื ื˜ืฒึทืขืจื, -- 


ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฑื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื’ืขื“ืื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ 
ืงืขืจ ืœื™ื“ ,ื‘ืฒึทื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื ืคื™ื ืฃ-ืื•ืŸ-ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืงืขืจ". 
ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ื“, ืฐื•ืืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜. ื”ืฒื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืŸ 
ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืฐืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืืคืŸ 
ื”ืืจืฆืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ 
,ื˜ืื-ื’ืื ื™ื™ื“ื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื’ืŸ" ืื•ืŸ ,ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื ืกืืš ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืืœืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืœืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืฐื™ ื’ืขื‘ืฑื™ืจืŸ ื’ืข" 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืฉืฒึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืฒึทืข 
ืคืืจื‘ืŸ, ืฐืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ, ืคืึธืœืงืœืึธืจื™ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืœืฒึทื“ื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืื’ืื ื“ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ื™ 
ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ ืžืืงืก ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื’ืขืจ ืกืึธื™ 
ืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ. 

ืž. ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืงืขื ื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ, 
ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืกืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื˜ืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข-ืงืึธื -ื™ 
ืกืขืจืฐื•ืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืงืขื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒื™ืขืจ 
ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ึทืืคึผืื–ืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืืžืขื " 
ื˜ืืœืข ืฐืขืจืง, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ, ืคืืจื˜ื™ื™" 
ื“ื™ืงื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืขืจื˜ืืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืงืื ื“ื™ื“ืื˜ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืึธื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื 
ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆืึธืœ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื˜ืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืฒึทื›ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื " 
ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืœืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจื™ 


ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืž. ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืื•ืžืข- 
ื˜ื•ื, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ 
ืœืขืจ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ืึธืคื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคืŸ ืื•ืค- 
ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข-ื™ 
ื”ืขืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ืงืขืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. 

ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉืขืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืขืจืคืืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืข- 
ืœืขืจื ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืืจื•ืžืฆื•ื›ืืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื›ืืจืืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื™ื’ื ืฉืืคื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™- 
ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ืื, ืึธืคึผ- 
ืžืขืจืงืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉืข ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืกืฒึท ื“ืขื 
ืืฒึทื ืคืœื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื ืืฆื™ืึธื ืืœืข ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจืŸ. 

ื’ืœืฒึทื›ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืฆืื“ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธ- 
ื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืกืืš ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•- 
ืžืขื ื˜ืืœืข ืฐืขืจืง: ื•ืืจื™ืืฆื™ืขืก ืคืืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ืข- 
ืคึผื™ืื ืข,. ื ืกื™ื™ึทื˜ืข ืคืืจ ืคื™ื“ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื˜ืข- 
ืคื™ืื ืข, ื ื“ื™ืคึผื˜ื™ืš ืคืืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืึธืจื˜ืขืคึผื™ืื ืขืก, 
ื ืคืึธืจื˜ืขืคึผื™ืื ืข-ื˜ืจื™ืึธ, ื ืกื™ืžืคืึทื ื™ืขื˜ืข ืืื•. 
ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ืฐืขืจืง ืœื™ื’ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ 
ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืฆืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืกื™ืžืขืœืึธืก. 

ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง 
ืึธื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ืกื™ืฑึทื˜ืข ืคืืจ ื ืงืืžืขืจืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืขืจ. 
ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ื™ึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืœืืงืึธื ื™ืฉืข. ืื™ืจืข ืคื™ืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ, 
ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืกื˜-ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข 
ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ โ€ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืฉื™ืฒื™ื“ื ืกื˜ืข ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืœืึธืจ ื ืึธื’ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืงืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืข* 
ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜-ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืข,,. ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ื–ื ื’ื™ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืื ืฅื™ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 

ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืž. ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ื ืก ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ ื–ืฒึท- 
ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคึผืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ืขืจ-- 
ืคืืจ ืžืขืฆืึธ-ืกืึธืคึผืจืื ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื˜ืขืคึผื™ืื ืข, ืคืืจ ื˜ืขื ืึธืจ 
ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื˜ืขืคึผื™ืื ืข,. ืคืืจ ื ืžืขื ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื™ 
ื˜ืขืจ ื›ืึธืจ-ืงืืคึผืขืœืข. ื“ืึธ ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืž- 
ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข ื–ืฒึทื˜ืŸ-- 
ืกืฒึท ืื™ื ืขื ืึธืคึผืงืœืฒึทื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ื–ื•ื›ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื•ืœืงื•ืžืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื™ืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืœืึธื“ื™ืข. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืกื˜ืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– 
ื“ื™ ืฆืขืจื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ 'ืฆื•ื ืคืึธืœืงืกื™ืžืึธืงืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ 
ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ืื ืฒึทืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืš, 
ืืจืฒึทื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ื ืฒึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืฉืœืฒึทืคืŸ ื–ื™, ืฐื™ ื 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. 

ืคืึธืจื˜ืขืคึผื™ืื ืข--ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ ื ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ, 
ื ืึธืจ ื ื’ืœืฒึทื›ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื˜ืข ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื - 
ืกืืžื‘ืœ. ื’ืจืึธื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ืขืคึผื™ืื ืข 
ืื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื˜ื™ืคืงืฒึทื˜ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืืœื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ืคื™ืœืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ืขื ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜. ืขืก ืฐืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืืกื™ืงืข, ืืคืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง, 
ืœื™ื“, ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ื˜ ืื–ื ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข, ื ืึธืจ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜,-- 
ื“ื™ ืขืจื ืกื˜ืข, ืืคื™ืœืข ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ืข ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ 
ื ืคืึธืจื ืคื•ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืคื–ื™ื ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืคึผืืก. 

ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืœื™ื“ ,ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืฃ", ืฐื•ึผ ื“ื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืขืก 
ื‘ืืฐืฒึทื–ื˜,. ืงืœื•ื™ืžืขืจืฉื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื‘ืข, ื“ืืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ 
ืืœืก ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจืŸ ืืคึผื™ืงืฑืจืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ,ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™- 


ื˜ื™ ื™ื• 
ืืข 
ื‘ื’ื 
ื•ื 


ืงืข" ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื–ืขืœื›ืข, ื•ื™ ื›'ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื 
ื“ืืžืฃ-ืฉื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืืฒึทื–ื ื‘ืืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจืœืขืš-ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™" 
ื‘ืขื ืข ืืงืึธืจื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ 
ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืงืœื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ 
ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื˜ืขืคึผื™ืื ืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื ื™ืกื™ื: 
ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืื-ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืฒึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื“ืข ืืคืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ- 
ืฉืขืจ ืฉื™ืฒื ืงืฒึทื˜ (,ืืคืŸ ืื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ", ,ื“ื™ 
ืžืืžืข ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜", , ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืฉื™ื™ืŸ') 
ืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ื–ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืข ืคึผืืกืื–ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ืข- 
ืคื™ืื ืข-ืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืฒึทืŸ, ื”ื•ืžืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืจื˜ืœืขื›- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ โ€ ืืœืก ืฉืืจืคืขืจ ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืกื˜ 
ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ;ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื ืจืึธื•?. ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ื™ 
ืงืข, ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ื˜ืข ืืงืึธืจื“ืŸ, ืื™ื™ื ืฆืœื ืข ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืขืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืกืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืข- 
ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื–ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืืžืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื - 
ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื™ืขื“ืข ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขื˜ ืืฑื™ืก, ืฐื™ ื 
ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืื“ืฒึทื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ืœ, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืข- 
ื›ืืคึผื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืฆืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ 
ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ืืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื- 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ 
ืคืืงื˜ื•ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืจืžืึธื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืœืึธืจื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื 
ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืก ืžืึธืœ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ. 

ืžื™ื˜ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืจืฒึทืคืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื™ื“ื ืืจื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืก 
,ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืืกื˜ืขื›ืœ" ืื•ืŸ ,ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืœืข ืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ืข?. 
ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ ืื™ื– ืื–ื: 


ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืืกื˜ืขื›ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืคืืจืœืึธืจืŸ ื ืฉืขืคืขืœืข, ื–ื•ื›ื˜ 
ืขืจ ืขืก ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืคืืจื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื˜. ืขืก 
ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืืœืึธื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืจืžืืŸ: โ€ ืฆื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ 
ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื ืฉืขืคึผืขืœืข!" ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– 
ืงืึธื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืกืืš: ืคืืจืฆื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ 
ื”ืึธืคึผืขื ื•ื ื’. ื“ืึธืก ืจืฒึทื›ืข ืžืขืœืึธื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื–ืื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืคึผืืกื˜ืขื›ืœ ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ื˜ืจืฑืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืื ืฅ- 
ืžืขืœืึธื“ื™ืข. 


109 


, ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืœืข ืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ืข" -- ืื™ื– ื ื”ื•ืžืึธืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ 
ืœื™ื“. ื–ื™ ืœืื›ื˜ ืงื•ื ืฆื™ืง ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื›ืึธืกื™ื“, ืฐืึธืก ืžืืก- 
ืงื™ืจื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื˜ืฒึทืฐื•ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข ืคึผืกื•ืงื™ื. ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื™ืฉ- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ ื‘ืื˜ืึธื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืจื ืกื˜ืงืฒึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื 
ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืœืื’ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืึธื ื”ืฒื‘ ืฐืขืจื˜ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืื˜ืขื˜ื™ืฉ-ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ืขื ืขื 
ื’ืขื–ืื ื’ ื‘ืื ื˜ืฒึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ , ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืงืข?" ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธื›- 
ื“ืขื ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ื˜ืื ืฅ--ื ืคืืจืœืฒึทื›ื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ื- 
ืžืขื ื”ืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืขื ืขื ืกืึธืฃ, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืข- 
ืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืฐื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืื’ืข. 

ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืจืฒึทื›ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœื™- 
ื“ืขืจ, ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืขืคึผื™ื–ืึธื“ ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืจ ื‘ืืคึผื•ืฆื˜, ืฉืืจืคืขืจ ื’ืข- 
ืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืืกื˜ืŸ, ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืื ืื ื“ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ. 


,...ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš 
ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜. ืื™ืš 
ืฉื™ืง ืืฒึทืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืฐื•ึผื ื˜ืฉืŸ", --ืื–ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื“ืžื™- 
ื˜ืจื™ ืฉืึธืกื˜ืืงืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1972 ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืจื•ืง ืž. ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ื ืก ื–ืืžืœื•ื ื’ ื™ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ืขืจ". 
, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ืคืขืก ื’ืขื•ืฐื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืฆืขื ื˜ืึธืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื“", -- ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ 
ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื›ืื™ืื˜ืื•ืกืงืืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– 
ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืœืขืš ืื–ื•ื™. ืžืืงืก ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ื‘ื" 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื ื’-ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื’ืœืฒึทื›- 
ืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืง ื ื–ืึธืจื’ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืื ื’. ืขืก 
ืื™ื– ื‘ืฒึทื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืขื“ืจืฑื‘ืœืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืงื•ืคึผืœืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืก'ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืืฒื ื”ืฒึทื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ืœื™ื ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืกื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืื ื˜-ื™ 
ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืœืขื˜ืข ืฉืฒื™ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืข- 
ืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืข ื”ืืจืžืึธื ื™ืฉืข ืื ื˜ื“ืข- 
ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืจืฒึทื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืืจื˜ื™ื™ 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืงื˜ื•ืจ-ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืกืŸ. ื“ืขื ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืŸ ืžืขื”ื•ืก 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืฒึทื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 
ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœืึธื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื ื™ืขืก, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœื™ 
ืฆืึธืœื™ืงืข ืกื•ื‘ืงืœืื ื’ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืคืœืขื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืฒึทืŸ ื ืื™ 
ื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืฒึท ืื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืืœืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื‘. 

ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจืงื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืึธืœืงื™ 
ืœืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืขืœืงืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื "- 
ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจืขื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื™ืœื‘ืืจ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ- 
ื”ืฒึทื˜ืŸ, ืื•ื™ืกื ื•ืฆื ื“ื™ืง, ืœืขืžืึธืฉืœ, ืื™ืŸ ,ื“ืึธืก ืฐืฒึทื‘ืขืœืข 
ืงืื˜ืขืจื™ื ืข" ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืื ืฅ, 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื“ ,ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจืฆืฒึทื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ื•ืš" ื“ืขื ื“ื™ื™ 
ื˜ืฉื™ืฉืŸ ืžืืจืฉ ืืื•ื•. 

ื ืกืืš ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืž. ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ื ืก ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ 
ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืขืกื˜ืจืื“ืข, ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ึดืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ื- 
ืงืื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ 
ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืืจื‘ืŸ. ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืขืจืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื™ 


16 


,ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืขื ืขืกื˜ืข" ืฆื™ , ื˜ื•ื-ื‘ืืœืืœืฒึทืงืข? ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ 
ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ. ,ืžืขื›ื•ื˜ืขื ืขืกื˜ืข" ืงืœื™ื ื’ื˜ ืคึผืจืขื›- 
ื˜ื™ืง, ืขื ื˜ื•ื–ื™ืืกื˜ื™ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื– ืืงืฆืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ 
ื›ืืกืขื ืข-ืื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขืฐื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, 
ืฆื•ื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืžืื›ืฉืึธืฐื•ืขืกืŸ, 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืžื™ืจ ื”ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 


ืคืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืงืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ,ื˜ื•ื-ื‘ื- 
ืœืืœืฒึทืงืข". ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ ืคืืจ- 
ื•ื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื ืžื™ื™ื“ืœ. ื’ืจืึธื“ ื“ืขืจ ืคืฒึทื ืขืจ ืœื™ืจื™ื–ื ืื™ื– ื‘ืื˜ืึธื ื˜ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืคืœืึธื›ื˜ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืจืขืคืจืขืŸ. 


ืžื™ื˜ โ€ ื”ืืจืžืึธื ื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื˜ื™ืจืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืื ืกืืžื‘ืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืกืึธืœื™ืกื˜ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื˜ืœืขื ื“ื™- 
ืฉืขืจ ืคื™ืœื”ืืจืžืึธื ื™ืข ื ืื˜ืืœื™ืข ืฉืจืขื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ 
ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืืœื™ืฉ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืื ืกืืžื‘ืœ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’, ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ืื“ื™ ืจืึธื–ืขื ื‘ืขืจื’, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ 
ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ื- 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ื˜ืขื ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื˜ืขืคึผื™ืื ืข. 
ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืœื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ื ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ 
ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืึทื ื™ื™ื ืขืžืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืืจืฆื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืืจืขืžืง: ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืืฑืกื“ืจื™ืงืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื- 
ืกื™ืงืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœ-ื™ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœื•ื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืœื™ืกื˜- 
ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื˜ืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขืœื•ื›ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื™ืœื”ืืจืžืึธ- 
ื ื™ืข ืื“ืข ืกืฐืขื˜ืœืึธื•ื•ื, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ื“ื™ 
ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ , ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืืœืก ืื™ื™ื’ื ืืจ- 
ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจืขื˜ืื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฐืึธืงืืœืขืจ ืงืืžืขืจ"ื™ 
ืžื•ื–ื™ืง. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืฐื™ ื–ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืืฃ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืึธืคื˜ ื˜ืจืขื˜ ื–ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื’ืข ืžื™ื˜ 
ืกืึธืœืึธื“ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ 1980 ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ,ืžืขืœืึธ- 
ื“ื™ืข? ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื ืคืœืืกื˜ื™ื ืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืข 
ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ืขืจ, ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืž. ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื“ืข ืกืฐืขื˜ืœืึธื•ื•ื, ืืงืึธืžืคึผืื ื™ืžืขื ื˜ -- 
ื ืื˜ืืœื™ืข ืฉืจืขื“ืขืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื - 
ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื“ืข ืกืฐืขื˜ืœืึธื•ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื ืื˜ืืœื™ืข ืฉืจืขื“ืขืจ 
ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืคื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืžื™ืฆืื“ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืœื ืข, ืงืึธืฐื ืข, 
ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืฆืข, ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืึธื•ื•ื™ืฅ. ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจืคืึธืœื’ ืื™ืŸ 
ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืื™ื ืขื ืžืึธืกืงืฐืขืจ ืงืึธืžื™ 
ืคึผืึธื–ื™ื˜ืึธืจืŸ-ื”ืฑื–. ืกืข ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ื ืฒึทืข ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ืŸ, 
ื ืฒึทืข ื‘ืืืจื‘ืขื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึผื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 

ื ื™ื˜ ืœืื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื”ืึธื˜ ืž. ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื 
ื“ืจื•ืง ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืฉืข ื‘ืข- 
ืจืขื’ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ,ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ืืœืข (ืงืœืขื–ืžืขืจื™- 
ืฉืข) ืคืึธืœืงืก-ืžื•ื–ื™ืง". ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจ ื ื ืฒึทืข 
ืคื•ื ื“ืืžืขื ื˜ืืœืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ -- ืฉืืคืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื˜ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ึทื™ื“ื™ืฉืข ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“ืขืจ. 


ืœ. ื‘ืขืจืขื–ืึธื•ื•ืกืงืื™ื 


ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžืฑื›ืขืจ:ืคืคืึธืจื™ืžืก ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœืขืš 


ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืงืขืฉืขื ืขื•ืฐืขืจ ืคืืจืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืŸ 
ืจืึธืžืื ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœื“ืื•ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืึธืคึผืขืจืข, ื“ื™ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืคื•ืœืข ืืจื˜ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ืงื™ืจืข ื’ืึธืจ- 
ืœืื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื™ืงื™ื™ืขื•ื• ืคืืจืคืืกื˜ ื ืžื•ื™- 
ืงืืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืก'ื’ื™ื™ืขืŸ ืืจืฒึทืŸ ืคื™ืœ 
ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืขืจืข ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ืฉืื ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•" 
ืฉื•ื™ืขืจ-ื–ืืœ, ืืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขื”ื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืงื™- 
ืžืื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืŸ, ืฐืขืจื˜ ืคืืจื•ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ 
ืืœื˜ืขืจื˜ื™ืžืœืขื›ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืืœืŸ ืกืืœืึธืŸ, ืฐื•ึผ ืขืก ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื™ 
ืคืืจืงื™ืฉืขืคื˜ืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืžื™ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ืœืขืจ. 

ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ 
ื‘ื™ื ืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ืฒื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคื™ื“ืœืขืจ-ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ืžื™ื™ืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ืขื ืขืกื˜ืจืื“ืข-ืกื™ืžืคืึธื ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืขื“ื•ืืจื“ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืืงืึธืžืคึผืื ื™ืื˜ืึธืจ-ื’ื™ื˜ืืจื™ืกื˜ 
ื•ื•ืืœืขืจื™ ืคึผื™ื˜ืขืจืฆืขื•ื•. ืคืืจื›ืืคึผื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ืกืจืฒึทื›ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ืฐืขืœื›ืŸ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ 
ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื™ืงืขื ืขืจืŸ ื™ืขืœืขื ืข 
ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื•ื™ึธืื–ื•ื™ 
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืคื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืึธืžืื ืก ืื•ืŸ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืขืจืœื™ืฉืข ืื•ื™ืกืคื™ืœืขืจ ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืคืืจืฆืฒึทื˜ื ืก ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. 

ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ , ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืฐืขื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื– ื™ืขืœืขื ืข ืื‘ืจืืžืึธ- 
ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ -- ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžืฑื›ืขืจ-ืกืคืึธืจื™ึดื, 


ืื™ืŸ ื ืฒึทื ื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ ืคืืจืŸ 1974 (ื–. 
8) ื”ืึธื˜ ,ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื 
ื‘ื™ืœื“, ืฐื•ึผ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžืฑื™ื›ืขืจ-ืกืคืึธืจื™ื ืื™ื– ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจื- 
ืคื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข. ืืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื 
ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืœืข, ืžืข ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื™ื ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก 
ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจืก ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ, ื™ืขืœืขื ืขืก ืงื™ื ืคื˜ื™ืงืขืจ 
ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจืึธ- 
ืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืึธื ืขืจ. ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœื“ืื•ื•ื™ืข ื 
ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืงืขื ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืึธืฉืขืฐืข 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืง. ื ื”ื™ืคืฉืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื™ื– 
ื. ืฐื•. ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืฐื•ืขืŸ ื ื“ืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืขืฉืขื ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืกืขืจืฐืื˜ืึธืจื™ืข. ืฐื™ ืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸืŸ, 
ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื™ืืจืฉื ื˜ ื“ืขื ื˜ืื˜ื ืก ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื•ึผ 
ืžื•ื–ื™ืง. 

ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืก ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืคึผืžืขืจืงืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืš- 
ืœืขืจ ืขื“ื•ืืจื“ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืขืก 
ื ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉ ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ -- ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืืฐื•ึผืกื˜ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ื™ืขื›ื™ึดืขืœ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ, ื“ืึธืก 
ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš, ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืืŸ ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงืœ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ืขื“ื•ืืจื“ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืข- 
ืฉืืคืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฆืข ืจื™ื™ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืืœื™ืฉืข ืคืจืื’ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืœ- 
ื›ืข ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ืืฒึทื ื’ืขืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื - 
ืฆืขืจื˜-ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืืžืขืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืฉืขื ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืขื‘ืœื™ืคื- 
ื‘ืจื™ืง, ืื™ื ืขื ืคึผืึธืœื™ื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข 
ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœื“ืืฐื™ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฑืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. 


ืก. ื‘ืขื ื’ืขืœืกื“ืึธืจืฃ 


ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืืฃ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก: ืข. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ, ื™ืข. 
ืค. ืื ื™ืงื™ื™ืขื•ื•, ืฐื•. ืคึผื™ื˜ืขืจืฆืขื•ื• 


ืื‘ืจืืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ืง. ื’ืึธืจืœืื˜ืฉ, 


107 


ืื™ื ื”ืืœื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ , ืกืึทื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืคืืจืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1982 


ืœ. ืื™. ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขืฐ. ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ 
ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืืฐืึธื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืึธืง. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ 
ืœืื ื“ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ --ืž. ืฉื•ืœืžืืŸ). ื ื•ึนืž. 2, ื–. 3. 


ืจืึธืžืื ืขืŸ 


ื˜. ื’ืขืŸืŸ. ื“ื™ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืข ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืื. ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ 
ืื™. ืžืืกื˜ื‘ืื•ื. ื ื•ืž. 5, ื–. 120; ื ื•ืž. 6, ื–. 23, 

ื›. ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“. ืื–ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœื˜. ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜- 
ืจื™ืจื˜ ื . ืงืืคึผืจืื ืึธืฐื. ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 27; ื ื•ืž. 10, 
ื™ื• ื ื•ื.. 1 91 ื ื•ื. 12, ื–. 57 

ื”. ืคึผืึทืœื™ืื ืงืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืฑืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ. 
ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™. ืžืืกื˜ืื‘ื•ื. ื ื•ึนืž. 3, ื–. 19; 
ื ื•ืž. }, ื–. 19; ื ื•ืž. 5 (ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ 
ื˜ื™ื™ืœ), ื–. 137, 


ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 


ืฐ. ืื™ืฐ ืื ื™ืงืึธืฐื. 
ื–. 84. 

ื™. ื‘ื•ืจื’. ื ืคืืจืฉืคึผืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืขื›ืึธ: 
ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืœืข ื’ืขื–ืื ื’ืขืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 7, ื–. 77, 

ื‘. ืื•ืŸ ื. ื‘ื•ืจืฉ ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืืœื™ืง. ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 37, 

ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ. ื ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉืคึผื™ืœ. ื ื•ืž. 4, 
+, 

ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจืฉืžืืŸ. ื–ืขืงืก ื ืึธืฐืขืœืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 27. 

ืง. ื’ืจืฒื“ื™ื ื. ืืŸ ืืฑืกื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื™ื“ืขืš 
(ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ --- ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจืจืฉืž ืืŸ). ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 48. 

ื‘. ื”ืืœืคึผืขืจืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื ื“ืึธืจืฃ; ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ. ื ื•ืž. 8, 
ื–. 19; ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืšื“ื™ื”ืื ืขืคืขืฉ. ื ื•ืž. 12, ื–. 106. 

ื“. ื› ืฒึท ืงื™ื ืข. ื“ื™ ืจืฒึทื–ื ื“ืขืจืŸ; ืขืก ืงืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทืŸ 
ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 3. 

ื. ืœื™ื–ืขืŸ ืฉืื˜, ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฐืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ! ื ื•ืž. 
2 2 

ื™ืข. ืžืืœืื›ืึธืฐืกืงืื™ื. ืื™ื‘ืขืจืŸ ืื˜ืœืื ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืึธืงืขืืŸ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ื“. ื›ืฒึท ืงื™ื ืข). ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 


ื“ื™ , ืจื•ื™ื˜ืข* ืจืึธื–ืข. ื ื•ืž. 3, 


ื ื’ืขื–ืื ื’ 


7 

ื‘. ืžื™ืœืขืจ. ื“ืจืฒึท ืกืงืขื˜ืฉืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 7, ื–. 89. 

ื™. ืคื ืœื™ืงืžืืŸ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ. ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 89. 

ืž. ืจืื–ื•ืžื ื™. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืฅ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืฑื™ืกื˜. ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 
21. 

ืจ. ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข, ืžืฒึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืงืข. ื ื•ืž. 8, 
ื– 27. 


ืค. ืžื•ื›ืืžืขื“ืึธืฐ. ื”ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื–ืืงื™ืจื“ื–ืฉืืŸ 
(ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ืฉ. ื’ ืึธืจ ืฉ ืž ืืŸ). ื ื•ืž. 3, ื–. 15. 

ืจ. ืฉื•ื™ื›ืขื˜. ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ืจืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ --ื‘. ืžื™- 
ืœืข ืจ). ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 57. 


108 


ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ 


ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืืœ-ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืจืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื˜ืขืžื- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ (ื ื•ืž. 1): ืฉ. ืฐืึธ ืจื ืึธืฐื™ืฆืงื™ 
ืขื˜ืฐืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ื ืกืฐื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื’ืื ืฅ ื™ืึธืจ. ื–. 4; ื . ืกื•ืœื™ืž ื. ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ-- 
ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’. ื–. 10; ื“. ืคืฒึทื ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ 
ืฐืึธืก ื“ื• ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืืฐืขืงื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืฒึทื ืก. ื–ื™ 
5 ื. ืจ ืึธ ื‘ ื™ื™ ืง ืึธ. ื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืœื™ื ื™ืง ืžื™ื™ืขืจ ืจืขื‘ื™ื™ืงืึธ. 
ื–. 19; ื–. ืฐืฒ ืฆืžืืŸ ื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืฑื•ึผื ื’ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ื‘ืื. ื–. 22; ื›. ื–ืฒึท ืขืŸ. ืžืืจื’ืึธืœื™ื ืก ืคึผื™ืกื˜ืึธ- 
ืœืขื˜. ื–. 24; ื™ืข. ื’ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื“ืกื™ืœืื•ืจืขืื˜. ื–. 
6 ืž. ืœื™ืื›ืึธืฐื™ืฆืงื™. ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ (1842--1942). ื–. 30: ื”. ื‘ ื"ื™ 
ื˜ืืฉืขื•ืฐื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฐืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื™ ื™ืืจ. ื–. 
1 ื. ืคึผืืง. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื–ืื ื™ืฉืŸ 
ื•ื•ืืœื“. ื–. 56; ื”. ื‘ ื ืจ ื ื–. ืฆืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคืืจื”ืืจื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ 
ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ. ื–. 67; ืž. ืจื•ื˜ืžืืŸืŸ. ืืŸ ื“ืจืœืฒึท 
ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื ื– 173 ื› ืžืข ืœื ืžื•ื“. ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืข ืฆืฒึทื˜ืฃ 
ื–. 243 ื›. ื˜ืื‘ ืื˜ ืฉื ื™ืงืึธืฐ. ืœืฒื–ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืงื•ืก-- 
ื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืขืจ. ื–. 489 ื. ืœื™ื–ืขืŸ. ื‘ืฑื™ืขืจ, ื–. 102; 
ืง. ื’ืจืฒื“ื™ื ื. ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืœืคื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื ืคื™ืึธืจ. 
ื–. 4112 ืž. ื’ ืจื•ึผืฐืžืืŸ. ืฐืขืœื“ืขืจ, ืฐืขืœื“ืขืจ.. ื–. 
0 ื“ ื›ืฒึทืงื™ื ืข. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืืกืœืื•ื•ืกืงื™, ื“ืขื ืงืื•ื•ืืœืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ืึธืจื“ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจื™ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜. ื–. 123. ืข. ืงื ื - 
ืฆืขื“ื™ืง. ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ึดืข ื‘ืืกืžืืŸ. ื–. 127: ื–. ืง ื"ื™ 
ื”ืืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืจืื˜ื•ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ. ื–. 130. 
ื™. ื‘ื•ืจื’. ื“ื™ ืจื™ึทึดืข. ื–. 133; ื”. ืจ ืข ืœ ืข ืก. ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื - 
ื“ืขืœืขืก ืงืืคึผื•ืœื™ืข. ื–. 4138 ื”. ืคึผืึธืœื™ืื ืง ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ 
ืžืขื“ื–ืฉื™ื‘ืึธื–ืฉ. ื–. 4148 ื‘. ืžื™'ืœืขืจ. ื”ื™ืžืœืฉืข ื’ืข- 
ื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. ื–. 160; ื™ื•. ื“ ืึธืงื•ื˜ ืฉ ืื™ืขืฐ. ื’ืขืจืžืืŸ 
ื˜ื™ื˜ืึธื•. /. 161; ื. ืฐื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก. ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ืขื ืขืจ 
ืฉืœื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ืฐืฐื•ืขืจ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืขืงืกืคึผืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืืœื™ืกื˜ืŸ. ื–. 81. 

ื. ื’ืึทืจื˜ืฉืืงืึธืฐ. ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจื‘ืึธื ืขืก ื‘ืœืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 

ืื•ื ื“ื–. ื ื•ืž. 11, ื–. 23, 
ื›. ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“. ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ. ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืž. ืื™ื‘ ืฉืืŸ ื ื•ืž. 4, ื–. 68. 


ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืขืžืขืก 


ื™. ืืœื‘ื™ืจื˜. +ืฆื•ื™ื™ ืžืขืฉืึธืœื™ื. ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื”. 
ืื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ื ื•ืž. 4, ื–. 162, 
ื. ื‘ืืจื’ ื˜ืฒึทืœ. ื˜ื™ืคืข ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 1, ื–. 77, 


ื™. ื‘ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื”ืขืจืฆืขืจ. ื ื•ืž. 7 
ื–. 97. 

ื›. ื‘ ื™ื“ ืขืจ. ืื ื˜ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜. ื ื•ืž. 9, 
ื–. 33, 

ืž. ื’ืึธืœื‘ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื–ื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืืจืฅ. ื ื•ืž. 
4 ื–. 65. 


ื›. ื’ื•ืจืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืฐืืจืขืžืงืฒึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉืขืจ 
ื ืขืกื˜. ื ื•ืž. 7, ื–. 713, 


ืž. ื’ืจื•ึผืฐ ืžืืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื™ืขืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 86. 

ื. ืฐ ืข ืจื’ืข ืœื™ืก. ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœ ,ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืฐืฒึทื˜'. ื ื•ืž 4, ื–. 4126 ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœ ,ืจื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš 
ืจื™ื ื’". ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 14: ืžืื–ืœื˜ืึธื•ื•, ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื- 
ื˜ืขืจ! (ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืข- 
ืœื•ื ื’ ,ืงืึธืžืขื“ื™ืื ื˜ืŸ? ืœืฑื˜ ืฉืึธืœืขืื™ืืœื™ื™ื›ืขืžืก 
,ื‘ืœืึธื ื–ืฉื ื“ืข ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ??). ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 144. 

ืฐื•. ืฐื• ืข ืจื ื™ืง. ืžืฒึทืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืืœ. ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 101. 


ื˜ืฉ. ื™ืืจืึธืฉืขืฐื™ื˜ ืฉ. ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ (ืคึผืึธืขืžืข). ื ื•ืž. 2, 
ื–. 85, 


ื“. ื› ืึธ ืจืึธืœ. 
5909 
ื“. ื›ืฒึท ืงื™ื ืข. ื“ื™ ื‘ืื˜ืึธื’ื™ืงืข ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื™ 
ื ืขืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 3, ื–. 272 ื–ืึธืจื’ ืคืืจ ืžืึธืจื’ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ 

ืคืจื™ื™ื“. ื ื•ืž. 11, ื–. 20 

ืž. ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ. ืคืืจ ื“ืขื, ืฐืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ 
ื˜ืฒึทืขืจ. ื ื•ืž. 3, ื–. 119; ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกืืžืข ืฐืฒึทื˜ืกื˜ืŸ 
ื™ืื. ื ื•ืž. 11, ื–. 89 

ืž. ืœืขืžืกื˜ืขืจ. ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 19. 

ืž. ืžืึธื’ื™ืœืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ. ืขืก ื•ืืงืกื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’. 
ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 63. 

ื‘ื™ ืžืื’ื™?:ื ืฆืช. ื‘ืืจื’-ืืจื•ืฃ: ื ื•ึนื. 4, . 
ื“ืึธ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. ื ื•ึนืž. 8, ื–. 60. 

ืž. ืคึผืึธืคึผืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ. ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ 
(ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ --ื ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก). ื ื•ึนืž. 6, ื–. 74. 

ื”. ืจ ืขืœ ืข ืก. ืืฃ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืงืข ืกื˜ืจื•ื ืขืก. ื ื•ืž. 11, ื–. 127 

ื›ืึธืฉืขืฐืขืจ ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ืฉื™ืง ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธ ื‘ืœืฑื– 

ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื“ (ื ื•ืž. 6, ื–. 17). ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผ. ืคึผ ืœืึธื˜- 

ืงื™ืŸ, ืž. ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ, ื“. ื›ืฒึทืงื™ื ืข, ืž. ื’ืจื•ึผืฐ- 

ืžืืŸ, ื›. ื’ื•ืจืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, 'ื™. ื‘ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 

ืœ. ื”ืขืœืขืจ, ื”. ืจืขืœืขืก, ื‘. ืกื™ื ืขืœื ื™ืงืึธืฐืข. 

ืž. ืจื™ืื ื˜, ืž. ืžืึธื’ื™ืœืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ืž. ืฉื˜ื•ืจื™ 

ืž ื ืŸ: (ื ื•ืž. 12, ื–. 26). ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™. ื‘ื•ื› ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืจ, 

ืž. ื’ืึธืœื‘ืฉื˜ืฒืŸ ืž. ื’ืจื•ึผืฐืžืืŸ ืœ. ื”ืขืœืขืจ, 

ื“. ื›ืฒึท ืงื™ื ืข, ืž. ืžืึธื’ื™ืœืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื‘. ืกื™ื ืขืœื™ 

ื ื™ืงืึธืฐืข, ืž. ืจื™ืื ื˜. 

ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธืคึผืžืฒ- 

ืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืจืกืŸ (ื ื•ืž. 6 -- 

ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื”ืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 

ืœืขืจื ื™ืึธืจ). ื‘. ืกืึนื ื“ ืœืขืจ. ื“ืจืฒึท ื ืึธืฐืขืœืŸ ืž. 

ืคึผืขื ืก. ื“ืึธืก ืฉื ื™ืจืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ (ืœื™ื“ืขืจ)!; ื. 

ื‘ึผืจืึธื“ืกืงื™. ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฐืขื’: ืฐ. ื˜ ืฉ ืขื”- 

ื ื™ืŸ. ื”ืขื‘ืจืขื™ื–ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืืš; 

ืœ. ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืกืงื™. ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืžืฒึทืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ (ืœื™ื“ืขืจ) ื–. 

4 (ื ื•ืž. 10 -- ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื”ืื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 

ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืขืจื ื™ืึธืจ). 1ื . ื’ืึธ ืจื‘ื ื˜ ืฉืึธืฐ. ื 

ืฉื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืจืขื“ืืงื˜ืึธืจืŸ ื‘. ืกืื ื“ืœืขืจ. 

ืฐืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ (ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’): ืœ. ื‘ ืข- 

ืจื™ื ืก ืงื™. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืขืคืฉืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ? (ืœื™- 

ื“ืขืจ): ืž. ืคึผ ืขื ืก. ืžื™ืงื•ื™ืขืš ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื•ื ื’ (ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’); 

ื. ื‘ืจืึธื“ ืก ืงื™. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื›- 

ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ 1982: ื•ื•. ื˜ ืฉ ืขืจ- 

ื ื™ืŸ. ืฆื™ ื ืฒื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื”ื™ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื–ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ 

ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืืฆื™ืข? ื–. 102. 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืคืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข. ื. ื’ืึธื ื˜ืืจ. 

ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ื ื•ืž. 6, ื–. 89: ืž. ื’ ืจื•- 

ื‘ ื™ึธืืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืืฒื‘ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืืœื“ ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 69; ืž. ื˜ ื™ื™ืฃ. 

ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจืขื–ืขืก. ื ื•ืž. 3, ื–. 88. 

ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขื ืข ืžืื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ. 5. ืžืืจ ืงื™ืฉ. ืคืŸ 

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืขืžืข ,ื™ืขืจื•ืฉืข". ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 67; ื ื•ืž. 12, ื–. 96 


ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจืกื•ืขื’ืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 7, ื–. 


20 


ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ืข-- ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ , ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ 
ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". 

ืคึผ. ื–ืื’ืจืขื‘ืขืœื ื™. ืคืขืกื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื‘ืืจืข 
ืคืืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ; ืึธ. ื’ืึธื ื˜ืฉืืจ. ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืข ื–ืขืขืฐื•ื“ื™- 
ืงืฒึทื˜ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ --ื”. ืคึผืึธืœื™ืื ืงืขืจ) ื“. ืคึผืืฐื•ืœ- 
ื˜ืฉืงืึธ. ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื’ืŸ (ื™ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉื--ื. 
ืฐืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก; ืž. ื‘ืื–ืฉืืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ืœืื ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ--ื›. ื‘ืฒื“ืขืจ) ื. ืงืืฆื ืขืœื™ 
ืก ืึธืŸ. ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื™ื•ืจืŸ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ --ื‘. ืžื™ืœืขืจ) ืž. ืžื- 
ืœื™ื ืึธืฐืกืงืื™ื. ืืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ื•ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉื--ื“. 
ื›ืฒึทืงื™ื ืข) ืคึผ. ืึธืกืื“ื˜ืฉื•ืง. ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืคืคึผืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ 
ืฐืึธืจื˜ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ--ื‘. ืžืึธื’ื™ืœื ืขืจ) ื˜. ืงืึธืœืึทึธ- 
ืžื™:ืขืฅ. ื“ืึธืก-ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ื“. ื› ืœื™ื™- 
ืงื™ื ืข) ืœ. ืงืึธืกื˜ืขื ืงืึธ. ื“ื™ ืฐืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก 
(ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ -- ืฐ. ืงืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ, ื. ืงื ืฆืขื•): ืœ. ืงื- 
ื ื™ืฐ ืขืฅ. ืืœื˜ืข ืฐืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ--ื”. ืคึผืึทืœื™ืื - 
ืงืขืจ) ื‘. ืึธ ืœืฒื ื™ืง. ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฐื•ึผื ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ื ื™ื’ืŸ 
(ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ --ื™. ื‘ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืจ) ืื™. ื“ืจืื˜ืฉ. ื 
ื‘ืืœืื“ืข (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ืž. ืž ืึธื’ื™ืœืขืฐื™ื˜ืฉ); ืฐ. ืคืึธืœ- 
ืฐืึธืจืึธื˜ืฉื ื™. ื“ื• ืคืขืœืกื˜ ืžื™ืจ (ื™ื™ึธื“ื™ืฉื --ื›. ื‘ ื™- 


ื“ืขืจ ื“. ืงืึธืกืืจื™ืง, ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืก'ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ 
ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืฉืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืžืืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 
7 14. 

ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœื“ืื•ื•ื™ืข -- ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ , ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ 
ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". 

ืœ. ื“ื ืžื™ืืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ--ื›. 


ื‘ืฒื“ืขืจ)ื ื. ื˜ ืฉื™ื‘ืึธื˜ืืจื• 
ื. ืฐืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก); 


ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- 
ืคึผ. ื‘ ืึธ ืฆ ื•. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- 


ื. ืœืฒื‘ื•ืฉ) ื™. ื˜ืฉืึธื‘ืื ื•. ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ื’ืขืฐื™ืงืก 
(ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉื --ื™. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ; ื™ืข. ื‘ื•ืงืึธืฐ. ืžื- 
ืžืืœื™ื’ืข (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ืž. ื’ ืจื•ึผืฐ ืžืืŸ): ื. ืœื•ืคึผืืŸ 


ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ื™ื™ึตื“ื™ืฉื‚ -- ื‘. ืžืึธื’ื™ืœื ืขืจ; ื‘. ืื™ืกื˜ืจื• 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ื‘. ืžืึธื’ื™ืœื ืขืจ) ื. ืงืึธื–ืžืข- 
ืก ืงื•. ื–ืขืกื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’, ืžื™ืจื™ืื! ื•ื™ึธื“ื™ืฉื‚ -- 
ื™. ืฉ ืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ); ืž. ื›ืื–ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ืžืœืขืš ื•ื™ื™ึธื“ึดื™ืฉื -- 
ื™.. ืฉ ืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ; ื. ืฉื ืœืืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ 
(ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ื™. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ). ืฐ. ืžืืœืขืฐ. ื 
ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื–ื™ืคืฅ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ื™. ืฉืจืฒึท ื‘ืžืืŸ; 


ื’. ืฐื™ึดืขืจื•. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ -- ื“. ื›ืฒึทืงื™ื ืข, ื‘. 
ืžืึธื’ื™ืœื ืขืจ), ื’. ืฐืึธื“ืข. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ื•ื• 
ืงืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ). ื ื•ืž. 10, ื–. 62. 


ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืž- 
ืœืื ื“". 

ื’. ืžื ืจ ืง ืึธ ื•ื•. ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื™ืขื’ืึธืจื™ื˜ืฉืขืก ืขืจื“ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉื‚-- 
ื˜. ื’ืขืŸ: ื™ืข. ืื™ืกืื™ืขื•ืฐ. ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉื -- ื›. ื‘ื‘ืฒ ื“ืขืจ ืฐ. ื˜ืขืœืคึผื•ื’ืึธืฐ. 
ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื ืขืŸ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจ- 
ืฉ ืžืืŸ); ืž. ืœืฐืึธืฐื•. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ--ื. ื•ื• ืขืจ- 
ื’ืขืœื™ืก); ืฐ. ื™ืขืจื™ืึธืžืขื ืงืึธ. ื ื‘ื•ืš (ืฒึทื“ื™ืฉ-- 
ื™ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื’ื ื™ืข. ืฐื•ื™ื ืงื•ืจืึธืฐ. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉ-- 
ื‘. ืžืึธ ื’ื™ืœื ืขืจ); ืฐ. ืคึผืึธืฐืึธืœื™ืื™ืขื”. ืืŸ 
ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉื -- ืฉ. ื“ืึธื ื’ืืจ) 
ืก. ื‘ืืจื•ื–ื“ื™ืŸ. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ึดื“ึนื™ืฉื -- ื. ืงื ืฆ ืขืฐ 
ืื•ืŸ ื“. ื› ืฒึท ืงื™ื ืข). ื ื•ืž. 12, ื–. 4. 


ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ืฐืข ืคืืœืขืกื˜ื™ื ืขืจ ืืจืื‘ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 
ืฆื•ื’ืืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". 


ืค. ื˜ื•ืงืืŸ. ืคืจืฒึทื”ืฒึทื˜ (ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ---ืž. ื’ ืจ ื•ึผืฐ ืžืืŸ; 
ืก. ื ืœื™ืง ืืก ืขื. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ื”. ืจ ืขืœืขืก; 
ื˜. ื–ืื™ืื“. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉื‚ -- ื™ ื‘ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืจ; 


169 


ืจ. ื ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉ ื ืฐื• ื™ืจ. ื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœื™ื‘ื˜ืขืจืก 
ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ื™ึธื“ื™ืฉื--ื™. ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืžืืŸ). ืจ. ื›ื•ืกื™ืŸ 
ืคื•ื ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœ ,ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืึธ* (ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ --ื“. ื› ืœึท ืง ื™- 
ื ืข; ืž. ื‘ืกื™ืกื•. ืœื™ื“ืขืจ (ื™ึธื“ื™ืฉื--ื›. ื‘ืฒื™ ื“ืขืจ 
ืž. ื“ืขืจืฐื™ืฉ. ืฉืฉืœืึธืฃ ื ื™ื˜, ื˜ืฒึทืขืจืข! (ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉื‚-- 
ื‘. ืžืึธื’ื™ืœื ืขืจ); ืก. ื“ืฉื•ื‘ืจืืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืึธ 
(ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ -- ืž. ืจ ื™ึธื ื  ื˜); ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื . ืก ืข ืฐื• ืขืจ 


ื–. ืงืืจืงืื‘ื™, ื. ืฐื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก, ืฐ. ืœืขื‘ืข- 

ื“ ืข ื•ื•. ื ื•ืž. 5, ื–. 38. 

ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืœืืกื™ืง., ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข ืžื•ื™ื›ืขืจ- 
ืกืคืึธืจื™ื. ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืื˜ืฉืข. ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 66; 
ื™ื™ื“ืœ. ืคึผืขืจืขืฅ. ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ 


ืž. ื’ืึธืจืฉืžืืŸ ื ื•ืž. 7, ื–. 59 ืฉืึธ ืœืขื- 
ื ืœ ื™ื™ ื› ืข ื. ืžืึธื ืึธืœืึธื’ืŸ. ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื”. ื ื™ื’- 
ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืค. ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื•ืง. ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 71. 


ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 


ืž. ืคึผื™ืฆื™ืก (ืคืฉื). ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืฅ: ื ื•ืžืขืจ ื“ืจืฒึทืฆืŸ ื“ืึธืก 
ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ืข ื”ืืจืฅ. ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืฐื•. ืœื ืง ืฉื ื™ืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 
2 ื–. 92; ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ื ื•ืž. 12, ื–. 1230 

ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง-ื“ืื˜ืขืก. ืฉ. ื” ืขืœ ืž ืึธื ื“. ืœื™- 
ื“ืขืจ; ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื˜ืข ืœื•ืจื™ืขืžืžืฒึทืŸ ื”ืืจ- 
ืฆื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื›ืื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืœ ื”ืขืœืžืึธื ื“". ื ื•ืž. 
1 ื– 131 


ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธืกืžืึธืก-ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ 


ื’. ื› ืขืจืขื’ืึธืฐืึธื™. ื“ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ ืฆื•ื ื”ืขืœื“ื ื˜ืื˜ 
(ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ --ื‘. ืจื•ื™ื–ืขืŸ). ื ื•ืž. 1, ื–. 128: ืž. 
ืืœืขืงืก ืื ื“ ืจ ืึธ ืฐ. ืื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœ- 
ืฐืขืœื˜ (ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืข ืืคืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ,ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืงื˜ 
ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืกืึธืฃ') ื ื•ืž. 7, ื–. 121; ื™ื•. ืฐื•ืขืจ- 
ื˜ืฉืขื ืงืึธ. ื“ื™ ืงืึธืกืžื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™- 
ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื ื•ืž. 4, ื–. 3; ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš. ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 126; ืฐื•. ืžื™ื˜- 
ืจืึธืฉืขื ืงืึธืฐ. ื ื‘ื•ืš ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ 
ืงืึธืกืžืึธื ืืฐื˜. ื ื•ืž. 4, ื–. 149; ื™ืข. ืง ื ืจืค ืึธ ืฐื•. 
ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื™ึธื“ึดื™ืฉื‚--ื‘. ืจื•ื™ื–ืขืŸ) ื ื•ืž. 8, 
ื–. 82; ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 89. 


ืึธืจื“ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืœืขื ืืจืข ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ 
ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืื™ื ืขื ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ,ื–ืฐื™ืึธื–ื“ื ืข". 


ื’. ื‘ืขืจ ืขื’ ืึท ืฐืึธื™. ื“ื™ ืงืึธืกืžื™ืฉืข ื˜ืขืžืข--ื 
ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืืœ ืคืืจืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœ , ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืž- 
ืœืื ื“"; ื. ืฐ ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก. ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืึธืก- 
ืžืึธืก: ื™. ืฉืจ ืฒึท ื‘ืž ืืŸ. ืจื™ื ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื•ื™ื‘ื’- 
ืงืฒึทื˜; ื . ืฆื™ืžื‘ืืœ. ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง 
ืฉืฐืขืจ: ื”. ืคึผืึธืœื™ืื ืงืขืจ. ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื•ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ืงืึธืกืžื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข: ื . ืœื•ืจื™ืข. ื ื’ืœื™ืงืœืขื›ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’; 
ืฐ. ืžื™ื˜ืจืึธ ืฉืขื ืงืึธืฐ. ืคืืจื˜ื™ืคืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข. 
ื ื•ืž. 10, ื–. 3. 


ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื™-ื˜ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" 
(ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืื–ืฉ) 


ื”. ืคึผืึธืœื™ืื ืงืขืจ. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ืึธืžื˜ืขื•. ื ื•ึนืž. 2, ื–. 
42 
ื˜. ื’ ืขืŸ. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ืœืข ืฐืึธื›ืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 48. 


10 


ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื ืข ืœืฒืขื ืขืจ. 
ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 55. 

ื›. ืžืขืœืืžื•ื“. ืคืŸ ืžืฒึทื ืข ื’ืึธืœื“ืขื ืข ื›ืืœืœื•ื™ืžืขืก. 
ื ื•ืž. 3, ื–. 121, 

ื‘. ืžืึธื’ื™ืœื ืขืจ. ืืฑื’ ืืฃ ืืฑื’ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœืฒืขื ืขืจ. 
ื ื•ืž. 3, ื–. 124. 

ื™. ืฉื•ืก ื˜ ืขืจ. ื•ืฐืขื’-ืืฒึทื ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ. ื ื•ึนืž. 3, ื–. 128, 


ื‘. ืžื™ืœืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืื ื“ --ืืฒืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืœื™- 
ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื™ื. ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 120, 

ื™. ืฉ ืจ ืฒึท ื‘ืžืืŸ. ืœื™ื‘ืฉืืคื˜. ื ื•ืž. 3, ื–. 132. 

ื. ืฐืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก. ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืจืฒึทืŸ 
ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื™ืขืŸ.. ื ื•ืž. 3, ื–. 1234. 


ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ึทืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข,. ืคืจืื’ืŸ 
ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ 


ืคึผืึธืœืขืžื™ืง. ืž. ืื™ื˜ ืงืึธ ืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ 80ื™ื˜ืŸ ื’ืข- 
ื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’). ืคืืจ ื ื”ื•ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœื™- 
ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉ. ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 4164 ืž. ืžื ืจ- 
ื’ืึธืœื™ืŸ. ืืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ืข ืื ื˜ื“ืขืงื•ื ื’: ืœ. 
ืฐ ื™ืœืก ืง ืข ืจ. ืื•ืžื‘ืื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ืข ื˜ืฒึทื ืขืก. ื ื•ืž. 
1, ื–. 145 

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจื™ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ื™ืข. ื‘ื™ื ืขืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. 
ืฉืึธืœืขื ืืฉ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข. ื ื•ืž. 6, 
ื–. 128, 

ืก. ื‘ืขื ื’ืขืœืกื“ืึธืจืฃ. ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจืฉืืคื˜ (ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื‘. ืงืืฅ). ื ื•ืž. 4, ื–. 152. 

ืœ. ื‘ืขืจ ืขื–ืึธืฐ ืก ืงืื™ื. ื ืงืึธื ืฆืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืžื•ื–ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื’ืขืจ ืคื™ืœื”ืืจืžืึธื ื™ืข. ื ื•ืž. 12, 


ื–. 170 

ื. ื’ ืื•ื• ืจื™ืœืึธืฐื•. ื“ื™ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืกืงืฒึทื˜. ื ื•ืž. 
9, ื–. 103. 

ืž. ื’ืึธืœื“ื™ืŸ. ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœืŸ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื•- 


ื–ื™ืงืืœืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืœืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืœื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ. 
ื ื•ืž. 7, ื–. 104. 

ื™ืข. ื’ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึธืจื™ื˜ืขืื˜ืขืจ. ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 
ืฉืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 158. 

ืื™. ื“ืจื•ืงืขืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืฃ ืฆื• ื ื ืฒึทืขื ืืœืขืฃ (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื. ื•ื•ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืกืขืก ื‘ื•ืš , ื“ื™ ืฆืฒึทื˜"). ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 113, 

ืฉ. ืฐื™ื ื™ืฆืงื™. ืขืก ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืืจื•ื™ืก (ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™. ื“ืจื•ืงืขืจืŸ). ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 119. 

ื. ืฐ ืขืจื’ืขืœื™ืก. ื ืึธื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืึธืŸ ื ืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ. ื ื•ืž. 7, 
ื–. 129. 

ื™ื• ืฐ ืขืจื˜ ืฉืขื ืงืึธ. ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืืจื˜ืฒื™ึทืฉืข ืœืฒึธื“1- 
ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฐืึธืจื˜ (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœ. ืื™. ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•ื•ืก 
ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื ืขืก). ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 159. 

ื–. ืœื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ืึธืŸ. ื’ืขื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ. ื ื•ืž. 
4 ื–. 142; ื ื’ื™ืœื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืœื™ื“. ื ื•ืž. 11, ื–. 138 

ืž. ืžื ืจื’ ืึธ ืœื™ืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ! (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™- 
ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ 
ืž. ื’ื™ืฆื™ืก). ื ื•ืž. 10. ื–. 150. 

ื‘. ืžื™ืœืขืจ. ืœื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉืงืฒึทื˜ (ืฆื•ื 15-ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืž. ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ). ื ื•ืž. 
6 ื–. 123. : 

ืž. ื ืึธื˜ืึธืฐื•ื™ื˜ืฉ. ื’ืื ืฅ ืžืขื ื“ืขืœืข. ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 111, 

ื™. ืง ืึธ ื•ื• ืขืœ ืž ื ืŸ. ืคึผื™ื™ื–ืื–ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœืขืš 
ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืข ื’ืืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืฉื˜ืขื˜. ื ื•ืž. 
8 . 146, 


1136 


ื‘. ืงืึธื˜ื™ืง. ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืื ืฆื™ืง ืคึผืขืจืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ 
ืคืึธืœืงืœืึธืจ (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืจืŸ ืื“ืข ืกืฐืขื˜ืœืึธื•ื•ื). 
ื ื•ืž. 6, ื–. 140. 

ืž. ืงืึธื˜ืœื™ืืจ ืึธ ืฐืข. 
ืจืขืš. ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 156, 


ื–. ืงืึธืžืคึผืื ืฒืขืฅ. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ื›ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืคึผืึธืจื˜- 
ืจืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืกื˜ืื ื˜ื™ื ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ ื’ืœื- 
ื–ื•ื ืึธื•ื•ืŸ: (ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ 780ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’). ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 
ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืกืœื™ื“. ื ื•ืž. 
6 ื–. 1238. 


ื : ืงืึธืจื ื™ึดืขื ืงืึธ. ืื–ื•ื™ ืฐืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื”ืึธืฆืžืืš 
(ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืข ืืคืŸ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืืงืœ , ืงืึธืžืขื“ื™ืื ื˜ืŸ" ืคื•- 
ื ืขื ืžืึธืกืงืฐืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืจืืžืื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ืกืืžื‘ืœ). 
ื‘ืŸ; 11, {. 152, 

ืž. ืจืึธื–ืขื ื”ื•ื™ื– (ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ 80-ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’. 
ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืืคืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 2, 
ื–. 137, 

ืฉ. ืจืึธื–ืขื ื˜ืืœ. 
ื–. 162. 

ื”. ืจืขืžืขื ื™ืง. ื‘ืื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืžืื ื•ื™ืœ ืงืื–ื- 
ืงืขื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 10, ื–. 144. 

ื™ ืฉื•ืกื˜ ืขืจ. ืกื™ื“ื™ ื˜ืืœ ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืกืง- 
ื•ื•ืขืจ ,ืขืจืžื™ื˜ืื–ืฉ". ื ื•ืž. 11, ื–. 168. 


ื’ืืกื˜ืจืึธืœืŸ ืืคืŸ ืฐืฒึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื–- 


ื˜ืืœืื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 12, 


ื‘. ืฉื™ื™ื ื™ืŸ. ื’ืฑืจืึธืœืขืก ืืคืŸ ืขืงืจืืŸ. (ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 
ืงื™ื ืึธื™ืจืขื–ืฉื™ืกืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืจืึธืฉืืœ). ื ื•ืž. 12, 
ื–. 164 


ื›. ืฉืžืื™ืึธื ืึธืง. ืฉืœืฑืžืข ืžื™ื›ืึธืขืœืก--ืฐื•ื™ ืื™ืš 
ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ืคืืจื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜. ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 95, 
ื™ื™ ืฉ ืจ ืฒึท ื‘ืž ืืŸ. ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ืข ื’ืขืŸ ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 116. 


ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืขืก 


ืž. ืฐืึธืœืฃ. ืœื™ืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข (ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื‘. ืžืึธ ื’ื™ืœ- 
ื  ืขืจืก ื‘ื•ืš ,ืžืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ืงืื–ืืŸ'). ื ื•ืž. 10, ื–. 


7 ืฉ. ื’ืึธืจื“ืึธืŸ. ื“ืึธืฐื™ื“ ื“ืจืื’ื•ื - 
ืก ืงื™ืก ืืฐื˜ืึธื‘ื™ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืฉ ืฐืขืจืง. ื ื•ืž. 10, ื–. 
0 ื›. ื–ืฒึทืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืฐื˜ืึธืจ 


(ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผ. ืฉืืคืืจืขื ืงืึธืก ื‘ื•ืš ,ืืฃ ืคืืจืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื ืข 
ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืŸ"). ื ื•ืž. 10, ื–. 4162 ืž. ื’ืึธ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื 
ืงืืคึผื™ื˜ืืœ ืฐืขืจืง (,ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืืœืŸ ืคืึธืœืง- 
ืœืึธืจ' ืคื•ืŸ ืž. ื‘ ืขืจ ืขื’ืึธืฐืกืงื™) ื ื•ืž. 10 ื–. 
4. 


ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉ ืืฃ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉืคึผืจืืŸ. ืœ. ื‘ืขืจื™ื - 
ืก ืงื™. ื ืฆืฐืฒึทื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ื 
(ื“ื™ึทืืœืึธื’). ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 132, 


ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืง 


ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืง ืงืคึผืกืค ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื 60ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื˜ืึธื’ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ ืกืึธืฐืข- 
ื˜ื™ืฉืข ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืข ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 1, ื–. 3, 

ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกืœืขื ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืขื“ืข- 
ืจืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืจืขืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธื ืึธืžืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜. ื ื•ืž. 5, ื–. 3., 


ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœ-ืงืึธืžื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“ (ืฐืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืข- 
ืจืืจื™ืฉ-ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœืŸ). ื ื•ืž. 11 ื–. 3, 

ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืืงืฆื™ืข. ื ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข-ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืืฐื˜ืึธื ืึธืžืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜. ื ื•ืž. 5, ื–. 
4. 

ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉืข ืงืึธื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธืฐืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". 

ื’. ืึธื’ ื ื ืึธืฐ. ื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ืฆืœ- 
ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฐืขืœื˜: ื. ื’ืืฐืจื™ืœืึธืฐ. ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืฉ- 
ื–ื™ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผืŸ: ืžื•ื˜, ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ื–ื ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ- 
ืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜.. ื ื•ืž. 3,. ื–. 3: ืง.. ื“ืึธืœื’ืึธืฐ. ื“ื™ 
ื’ืฒึทืกื˜ื™ืงืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื˜ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ึทืืœื™ื–ื. 
ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 3; ื™ื•. ืœื•ืงื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืืจื˜ื™ื™ ื•ืขื’ืŸ 
ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ืฐื•ื™ืงืœื˜ืŸ ืกืึธืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ื (ืœื™ื™ืข- 
ื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืฐืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืœ. ืื™. ื‘ืจืขื–ืฉื ืขื•)ื’ 
ื : ื‘ื™ืงืขื ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข, ืžืึธืจืืœ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืข- 

ืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื ื•ืž. 6, ื–. 3, 

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจืœืขื›ืขืจ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ-ืžื™ืฉืคึผืึธื›ืข (ืึธื ื’ืขื ื•- 
ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื–ืขืฅื™ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืืฐื˜ืึธื ืึธืžืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜). ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 100. 

ื”. ื ืคึผ ื˜ืฒ ืงืขืจ. ืคึผืึธื“ื”ืึธืจืขืฅ, ืื ื˜ื™ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ื–ื ืื•ืš 
ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ื™ืžื™ืœื›ืึธืžืข. ื ื•ืž. 7, ื–. 124. 

ื™. ื‘ ืขืง ืขืขืจ. ืฐืึธืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ- 
ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธืœืึธืงืึธื•ืกื˜ (ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ-- 
ืž. ืื™ื˜ืงืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ) ื ื•ืž. 6, ื–. 142, 

ืœ. ื“ืื“ื™ืื ื™. ืคืืจ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 
ื™ื™ึทืกืจืึธืขืœ. ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 163, 

ืก. ืœ ืข ื•ื• ื™. ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ืึธืŸ. ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 4104 
ื ื•ืž 3, ื–. 146, 

ืขืก ืฉืžื•ืขืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืฐ-ืึธืคึผื˜ืฒืœ. ื ื•ืž, 
2 ื–. 163. 

ืž. ื˜ืึธืจืึธืคึผืึธืฐืกืงื™. ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ืจื™ื“ืขืจื˜ 
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆืฒื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฐืึธืงืื˜ืึธืจ. ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 
35. 

ื. ืงืจ ืขืž ืขืจ. 
ื–. 159 

ืžื™ืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ ืืฃ ืคืจืื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืœืฒืขื ืขืจ. 
ืฐ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ืฐ ืืงืก. ืฐืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ,ืคื™ืœืื ื˜- 
ืจืึธืคึผืŸ"? ื ื•ืž. 4, ื–. 163, 

ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. ,ืžื™ื›ืื™ึทืœ ืืœืขืง- 
ืกืื ื“ืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืืฉืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืจืขืคึผื•ื˜ืืฆื™ืข". 
ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 152. 

ืขื˜ื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืข. ืž. ื˜ ืฉืœ ืขื  ืึธ ืฐื•. ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื - 
ืคืืจื‘ืื ื“. ื ื•ืž. 7, ื–. 99. 

ืื™. ืงืจื•ืคึผื ื™ืง. ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ื ืึธื’ืจืืคื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื‘ื ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืกืกืจ. ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 127, 

ืฆื•ื 45'ื˜ืŸ ื™ืึธืจื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืงื•ืœ- 
ื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืึธึทื ื’ืจืขืก. ืž. ืึธ ืœ ื’ ื™ืŸ. ืคืืจ ื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืกื™ื•ืขืจ 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉื™ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ!ึผ ื™. ืึธืคึผืื˜ืึธืฉื” 
ื‘ืื’ืจื™ืกื•ื ื’ืกื™ืจืขื“ืข ืืคืŸ ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก. ื ื•ืž. 12, ื–. 154 

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืœ. ื•ื™ืœืกืงืขืจ. ืื•ืžื‘ืืฐื•ืกื˜ืข 
ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื”ื•ื“ืข ื”ืืœื™ื™ื•ื•ื™. ื ื•ืž. 2, ื–. 128: 
ื‘ืื ืื•ืจืงื•ื•ืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ , ืคึผื•ืฉืงื™ื ืœืื ืข" ื‘ื ื™ื™ึดื“ืŸ. 
ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 4124 ืื™. ืงืึธื˜ืœืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจ" 
ืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜- 
ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ (120 ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ , ืงืึธืœ ืžืขื•ื•ืืกืขืจ"). ื ื•ืž. 
9 ื–. 168. 

ื–ื™ื›ืจืฑื ืขืก. ื. ื™ืขืจื•ืกืืœื™ืžืก ืงื™ (ืฆื• ื–ืฒึทืŸ 80-ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’). ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืืžืฃ. ื ื•ืž. 6, ื–. 116, 


ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’ืกื™ืžื™. ื ื•ืž. 12, 


1211 


ืืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืคื•ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ืขื. ื“. ื ึนื™ึธืื–ืึธืฐ. ืœืฒื‘ 
ืคื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ื•ึผ ืก. ื‘ ืขื ืฆื™ืื ืึธื•ืฐ. 
ื ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ ื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฒึทืขืจ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืจื™ื’. ื ื•ืž. 
6 ื–. 5 ื. ืฉืคึผื™ืœื‘ืขืจื’. ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขืœื“ ืคื•ื ืขื 
ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืงืจื™ื’ ืฉื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืึธืคึผืข+ ื’. ืงืืจ ืขืฐ. ื 
ื’ื•ื˜ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ืžืืžืข;: ืข. ื™ื•ื“ืึธ ืœืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ. ื’ืจื™- 
ืกืข ื’ืฐื•ึผืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื ื•ืž. 11, ื–. 6. 
ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื–ืฒืฒื™ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืฒืขืจ ื’ื•ื™ืจืœ. ืœ. ื“ื ืฐื•ื™- 
ื“ ืึธ ืฐื•. ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืืจื˜ ืคื•ื ืขื ื”ืขืœื“. ื ื•ืž. 6, ื–. 76. 


ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ื‘ื™ื™ึทืœืื’ืขืก 


ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ--ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ (ืคืึธื˜ืึธื™ืื™ืœื™ื•ืกื˜ืจื- 
ืฆื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•. ืื™ื ื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ, ื . ืกืฐ ืขื˜ืึธืฐื, 
ื™ื•. ืœื•ื ืงืึธ ืฐ) ื ื•ืž. 1. 

ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืž ืขื ื“ืœ ื’ืึธืจืฉืžืืŸ ื ื ืž. 2. 

ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ืึธืจ ื ืœืข ืจืขืžืขื ื™ื•ืง (ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ -- 
ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœ. ื’ืขืจืฉื˜ื ื‘ ืœื™ื˜. ,ื ืžืฒึทืกื˜ืขืจ 
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืงืึธืจืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืขืจืืžื™ืง"). ื ื•ืž. 3, ื–. 170. 

ื“ืฐื•ื™ืจืข ืงืึธืฐืืœื˜ืฉื™ืง, ืืžืึธืก ืฉืฐื•ืืจืฅ, 
ื›ืืœื™ื ื ืึธืžื•ืฆืงื, ื™ื•ื™ืกืขืฃ ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ 
(ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ -- ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ โ€ ืžืืจืง ืฉืื’ืืœ 
, ืื•ืžื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ืข ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ"). ื ื•ืž. 4, ื–, 


96 
ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืงืขืจ-ืคืจืฒึทื ื˜ืฉืืคื˜ (ื™ึทึดื“ื™ืฉืข ืื•ืŸ 
ืืจืื‘ื™ืฉืข ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ). ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ,ืงืขืžืคื ื“ื™ืงืข 

ืงื•ื ืกื˜". ื ื•ืž. 5, ื–. 112, 

ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืฐื•ืืŸ ืจืฒืŸ ืจืขืžื‘ืจืื ื“ ื•ืฐืขื’ืŸ 
ืื™ื -- ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘. ืคื™ื ืงืขืœ)). ื ื•ืž. 6, ื–. 
5.. 


ืกืงื•ืœืคึผื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืฒ ืกืขืš ืงืจื™ืฐืึธืจื•ืฆืงื™. ื ื•ืž. 7. 

ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืžื™ื›ืื™ึตืœ ืคึผืขืจื•ืฆืงื™ (ื•ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื -- 
ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื . ืื™ืฐ ืื ืึธืฐ). ื ื•ืž. 8, ื–. 152. 

ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื’ ืจื™ื’ืึธืจื™ ืคืจื™ื“ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ,ื’ืข- 
ื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืฒึทืŸ ืฉืืคื•ื ื’"). ื ื•ืž. 9, ื–. 163, 

ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืฉืฒึทืข ื‘ืจืึธื ืฉื˜ื™ืฒื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื -- 
ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื. ืง ืื  ื˜ืึธืจ). ื ื•ืž. 10, ื–. 176. 

ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืžืฒืขืจ ืืงืกืขืœืจืึธื“ (ืฐืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื-- 
ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’. ืคื™ ืœื™ืคึผืึธ ืฐืก ืงื™, , ืฆื•ื 80-ื˜ืŸ 
ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ืกื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืขืจ ืืงืกืขืœ- 
ืจืึธื“"). ื ื•ืž. 11, ื–. 158. 

ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืจ ื’. ืคึผ ืึธืงืจืึธืฐ ืกืงื™. ื ื•ืž. 12. 


ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืืงืฆื™ืข. ื ื•ืž. 1, 6. 


ื˜ื™ืงืฑื˜ืึธืขืก 


ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆืฒึทื˜ื•ื ื’ืข. ื ื•ืž. 2, 4, 
6 7 8 9, 10. 

ืฐื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืŸ ืคืืจืฉืคืจืฒื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 
,ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". ื ื•ืž. 2, 7. 


ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ,ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“". ื ื•ืž. 7, 9. 


ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืฉื™ืงืื•ื•ืข. ื ื•ืž. 2, 8, 10. 

ืžืื˜ืขืจื™ืืœืŸ ืคืืจ ื ืœืขืงืกื™ืงืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื“ื™ืฉืขืจ 
ืกืึทื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ. ื ื•ืž. 1, 2, 4, 6, 1, 8, 
9 11, 12. 


ืคืืจ ื“ื™, ืฐืึธืก ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ. ื ื•ืž. 2, 3, 4 6, 7, 
8 9 10, 11, 12. 

ืคืจื™ื™ืœืขื›ืขื™ ืฉื•ืจืขืก. ื ื•ืž. 8, 11, 12. 

ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ. 

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืฒึทืข ืœื™ื“ืขืจ. ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ 
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืฐืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืข. ืฉืขืฐ ืขืœ ืขืฐื. 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜--ื›. ื‘ื™ืฒื™ื“ืขืจ, ืžื•ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ 
ื . ืงืึธื– ืœืึธืฐืก ืง ืื™ื. 


ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ , ืกืึธื•ื•ืฆื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" 


(ื‘ืฒึทืœืื’ืขืก) 
ื ื•ืž. 1, ื™ืื ื•ื•ืืจ --ื™. ืฉ ืจ ืฒึท ื‘ืž ืืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขื ื–ื•- 
ืžืขืจ. 
ื ื•ืž. 2, ืคืขื•ื•ืจืืœ--ืฉ. ืจ ืื‘ื™ื ืึธืฐื™ื˜ืฉ. ืœืขื ื™ืŸ 


ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. 

ื ื•ืž. 2, ืžืืจื˜ --ืž. ืœืื ื“ืžืืŸ 
ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืขืจ. 

ื ื•ืž. 4, ืืคึผืจืขืœ -- ืฐื•. ืง ื ืจ ืคื ืฐื•. 
ื™ื™ึดืกืจืึธืขืœ. 

ื ื•ืž. 5, ืžืฒึท --ื›. ืž ืขืœื ืžื•ื“. ื˜ืฉืขืจื ืึธื•ื•ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผื- 
ืจืื“ืึธืงืกืŸ. 

ื ื•ืž. 6, ื™ื•ืŸ -- ื”. ืคึผืึธืœื™ืื ืงืขืจ. ื ื™ืื ืžื™ื˜ 
ืืจื‘ืขื˜. 

ื ื•ืž. 7, ื™ื•ืœ -- ืœ. ืื™. ื‘ ืจ ืข ื– ืฉ ื  ืข ืฐื•. 

ื ื•ืž. 8, ืืฐื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ -- ืฉ. ืกืื  ื“ืœืขืจ. 
ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉ (ื”ืขืคื˜ 2). 

ื ื•ืž. 9, ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืื‘ืขื”  --โ€ 
ืคืึธืจื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืฆืฒึทื˜ืœืขืจ. 

ื ื•ืž. 10, ืึธืงื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ -- ื™ื•. ืฐืขืจื˜ืฉืขื ืงืึธ. ื“ื™ 
ื˜ืงื•ืคืข ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขื›ืงืฒึทื˜. 

ื ื•ืž. 11--12, ื ืึธื™ืื‘ืขืจ--ื“ืขืงืื‘ืขืจ -- ื. ืฐื• ืข ืจื’ ืข- 
ืœื™ืก. ื ืฐืึธืจื˜ ืืคืŸ ืึธืจื˜. 


ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืข 


ื ืจืฒึทื–ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ 


ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื ืขืก. 
ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ 


ืกืขืจืขื‘ืจื™ืื ื™ 


ืืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฒึทื˜ 146 ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ,ืกืึธืฐื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืžืœืื ื“" ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืึธืจืŸ ื ืคืขืœืขืจ 
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจืข ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืขืก ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ืฒึทืŸ; ,ืžื™ื˜ 45 ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื“ืขื 17--21 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืื‘ืขืจ 
7, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืืจื™ื–ืฉ ืคืึธืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืœื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืœืขื›ืขืจ ื™ื™ึดื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ-ืงืึธื ื’ืจืขืก". 


ืฅืฆื•ื˜ืกืžื–ืก20) ,1152ืช10/* ,12006154 ,25ืž164 ,ืคื˜ื•ืž/1/ ,2182 ืช1 8093 ื’ืคื’ืฉืกืŸ 01 8ื•ืขืกืกืžืกืก 
-6ื™2/10800 200 

ืคื˜ื•ืช/ 140260121 |ืกื˜ื’ื–ืืคึฟ , /6ืช10688 84286 212160060 4/. ,210006 ืฆื•ื•ืŸ ืžื– 
-186 160/168 ืžื’ื•ืžื’ื˜ื’ 146 06} /0 ืขืกืืขืกื˜ืฆ 216 2060464 /0 ืืขืกืื™ 406 2006 4618 
ืชื’ื•ืคืคื˜ื! 8126 ืกื} 01 3:0180, 1166 18 116 .ืฉ80ื–ืก2 21811211 ืขืกืžืฉ81ืก6 506010 ,110ื˜ืขืŸ 
6 1 5600241005ืกืขื›ืŸ 106 01 ืฆืžื’ื ืช ืขืก 4651 2150 15 206 ืคื˜ื ืช!1/ ืžื’ 162116 1 ื’ืžื ื’ื–ื›ื“ 
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6ืขืฅ 6" 25 ืคืืกื ืค ื’1ืกื˜ืค 109ืž646510 101 1216ืคืžืกืง8ืกืข 88ื•ืจ 116 .6ืข13626' ื1ืก ืžืคื’ืื™ืกืŸ 
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. {ืกืžื–ื˜ืกืŸ 1296 ืขื˜ืกืฅ 105 611} 

2004 18 ,6ื™210500 01 8:ืช5861 8015 ืขืก , ืฅืž10656 226 0166 16 2160016 ืชื, 
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0802 ื–31190) ืข41/6010 ืžื–/1} , 1155 1016 04 41154/ 

.12 .240 1806 ื–ื˜ืก ืž 1982 ?10 10068 ื˜ืก ืคืชื•ืž118ื ื•ื˜ืงืŸ ,(2ื˜ืคื˜ 25 ,216 ืก/ืจ ืฅื•ื’ืžื•ื™ืฅ 


* + * 


20111164 :2416 ื™ื˜ 115161641ื–'1 


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("6ืž1100612 504166 1116'') "0ืž11610124 16418ืกื™ 
9 ,,/ืข06ืžื–10606 ,19 .ืกืื’ 


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220 213ืกืฅ 8186 1016 28ืขื• 11611108 506121:81 506164 /0 ืžืกื•ืžืฉื˜ 106" 

6 }04 1116005/:0 40 ืขื•ื•ืžื˜ 106 01 161211008 /606060160ืขื›ืŸืžื˜ ืข111810110211 18ืช86ืกืขืงืกื– 
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6ื˜6ื’ืกื–ืก 04 106ื˜0ืค 164020560016 ืชื’ ,ืฅืก80601 0616 1060100 10106 ืืžื ื˜ื•ื–ื |ื˜?ืขืกื˜ื•ืกืงืŸ 
ืกื•ืื™ 8ืคึฟ0ื˜ 106 ืžื• 2000211065 16 /21 01 6(ืงืกืกืŸ ืคืžื•ืื–ืกื˜ ืกื•} 211 ืงึธื› ื–ืžืกืžื–ืกื˜ืกื’20 
. "ืžื–ืคื•ืžื˜ืžื–ื’ื–ืก?) 10 ,16ื˜?ื˜! ื–ืžืคื•ืฆื˜ 2 ืฅื–ื’? ื–ื˜ืก }0 1620618/0 ืกื•} ืกืกืžื˜ 109ืกืช8ื˜20 ืกื•ื 


-50 /1/246002 ืกื˜ื˜} 04 111614168 116 ,ืฅื™ื–ื’ืฆืขืกื˜:ืžืžื’, 1116 8ืž06601ืกื ื›ืŸ 0108 ืกื’} 1 

--- (1982 ,140.10) ืž210102614 ืก0} 0ืž4 (1982 ,7 .ืกื1) ืž124121014 1116---121105ื˜ืงืกืข 164 

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, ื™80ืฆ242 ืฉื ืฆืกืกื’) ืฆื˜ 5 8206 }0 3/106150 1010 8ืช1120512410 ืคืžื ื ืื–/ืžื˜ื›ืŸ ืกื ื’ ืกืขืฅ 
11 ืงื›! ืคื ืขืกืกื›ืŸ ; ื˜ืฉ6ื’ืฅ|ืกื˜ืกืช ื–216/ืจ 6 616106040 3 //ืžืช:4126 ืฉืกืฉื˜ืง!16 /1660/ 
ืฅื› ื’ืž6ืกืงืŸ 2 ื’ืขืกืข! 26ืฐ64061 ืž2 220 ;ืž/821326 561961 2260 ื˜ืกืขื˜ืืกืž:ืข ืขืž86ื˜6ืฆ ,ืฉืก1 
-ืฉืกืข184 ืข80ืก/+ 

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. {18ื˜ืกืžืขืกื’ื’) 4 06ื’2161 ืžืขื•ื’ืช0) ืงื› {ืกื˜ืกืช 426 ,"0:14ืข1 ืคื•} }0 ืขืฉืจ ืก'ืŸ" 01 

!1151 ืขืก "16116486ืŸ" ื’ื–ืกืกื›ืŸ 1116 ื ืกืข? 18ื›ืฑืขืกืกืืก 8ืž1ืžืคื 1ื›ื˜ืงืŸ 2180 ืกื•ืช 6/ืข 
.26121461860 6612 064ื›ืŸ ื’/ืคื’ืื•ืกืŸ, 161ื˜ืก 


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ืงืžื˜ืคึฟ ,ืกืžื’;ื›ืŸ 106 ืžืก /509606 16212112 ืขื˜ 8000010401664 , (ื ืกืžืก!) โ€ 618/ืž1,026 {261ืž0ืกื’) 
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4 .510ื˜ืž1 1018 ื’ืคื•ื˜ืฉื•ืกืŸ ืžืก ืงืคื ืขืก4ื˜8 ืชื’ 200 2:00561724006) 2194 ืกื’} }0 ืข880ืก! 
ื’ืืฉืกืŸ 2ืž1ืฅ0ื˜!ืค ืžืกืกืง 025 ื’1ืžืชืกืžืžื–ื’ืžื•ื ืž? 6 (ืž4ื’1ื˜!1,2 ืกื’} 04 8010186 2 ,4ื˜6610ื˜5 
5 2014/0) /1/0/0990 ื’1ืื• ืž000612110ืก 616211/6 ืขืก 220 ,ืฆืขื’ืกืฅ ืกื˜ืก3 ืข10 8ืž80-ื1ืก} / 
":246100'' ื’ื–ื–} 486 ,1980 ืž1 .ืกืขื ืกืขืกืงืกืข /116 ืžืก 101106006 0009106:2016 2 120 
ืงื˜ 1661ืขืก611ื›ืŸ 6 :6201 ืขื› 21142960 50085-ื101 ื’ืคื ืืกืŸ 17 }0 ,1 ืžื’ ื˜ืก +/8ื˜ืกืขืฆื˜ 
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-382 00 0080ืกื˜ืขืื”ืฅืงื“ืกืก 18006460806 .ืื–ืขืžืขื”ืžืืก1 ืืก800ื212 ื–ืืกืงืก?ืฅื–ื‘ึผืกื–ื–ืืกื 
1ืกืื ืข? ืืกืงืก0ืกืกืก0ืกืงืช ื’ืงืกื”ืืžืžืกื˜) 0ืช80ืคื—2ืื•ืžื‘ืฆืฅืช 6806408000 ื–ืืกืืกืš 
-6ืง 112 8:0:21:06 202018002406ืช 0423220 ืื–ืขืžืขื”ืคื”ืก} โ€ 10 ืืขืง8080608210 
-0861) ื˜ื’ ืขื˜ืกื–ืืงื’ืžืขื˜) 2200186880/0ืฅ100 //21217828080 ืขืื“ืกืขื”ืกืก ืงื’ืฅื–ืงืกื— 
-260 ืขืื–ื˜ื—12002 ืขืื”ืืืก2ืก680 ื”ืชื” /2200126 0042 266 ื˜ืคืืกืก 4286 :40804 
0 6 ืงืื”ืขื ืกื’ื”ืช ื’ื”ืขื–ืกืฆืชื ืขื ืขื”ืขื”0ื—4216 ื’ืืงืขืฉ ืฆื”ืกื– 1980 83 .ืฉืื” 
,ื–ืื•ืขืขืช/ื”ืžื”ืก 1 ื212800 06026001288284 6068 ืื•ืžื˜ืช11200 ืืขื680640 17 
4 628446ื—06ืช 32 .7ืง1110626 ืฐืขื”ื’:112 ื— /86:8080:) ื–ื•ืชืช ืขืขืžืกื˜ื”ืกื—ืกืข ื 
20121110064 ,2106 8 ืขื˜ืกืกืช 68062408401 ืขืื’?ื–ืงืก8040 ืก ืขื”ืื’ื—ืฅ:!80 ืขืก ื’022ื– 
-2100486 ื–ืข 160081:848 ,ืกื’ื ืขืžื˜ืขื , 101161146, ,1.2911406 

-6004680022 41222047 012126 0806/0 8 (00ื 8ืขื”ืขื) 8/ื—ื’20366 ื—ืคึผืขืื–ื•ืŸ 
-ืข1ืข 20840018 8ื—ืฐ26416 3208/2460484000 1800360186 0 200842328262ืง 2ื’ืŸ 
441 )4;)646ื’1160408 21/42422 0046040:2202 -- ื’2ืืขื’ืื ืกื”ืฆืฅื 662 /1080840 
-ืขื”ืขื 8 162122 ืกื–ืกืืกืกืขืฅืช ืกืขืช0ืืกืกื˜214ื102/, 220018610000ืฅ100 ืืขื ืื ืกืชืฅื 
ืืขืขืก3/ืช 8ืข8ืกื”ื–ืืงืกื˜)ืก ืกืชืก20286018688ืฅื ื281000 128246 248046108 1006 
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-16871082 4400204000 68062408000 222010004020 20016ืง 8 20146ื˜ืฅ 266 
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1328 ,/:386328 2210116ืื ืฅ68 ,1112 2ื˜ืขืฐ2ืข86 611607846'ืฅ611 , ืขื–ื ื•ื• 
. ืœื˜ืขืฅื— 4006262114/0 8 ืžื–ื•ื–ืกื”ืข 40 ,ืขืงืกืžืกื– 116 

-- ;ื•ืขืกื˜ื”ืขืฅืก } 4358024 (24100482) 82ืข111604 00202ื 8ื˜/ื’1ืก 1662 
2810 ื”ื—3ื”8ืก 3400 8 .22464686270/2206 ื80ืก00861 8 /010086172 26ืืก680620 
-400628110ื—16 264202) 227,622 11200211000 ื—ื“ืฆื— ืืกืืกืกื˜/180 0 800842388267ื˜ 
.14 1001112 ืขืงืกื–ืขืง 1 0608 

-60260 0662126164 20606 ื28611420270 8 ,80ื˜ื06 28ื ,2806 ,1 
-ืกืฅ /2/4ืกื–ื•ืกืงื— 8609 32 2 112ืงืฅืื’ ืกืขื–ื•8ืื  


ืง ื•ื 10 ื˜ืง 


(ืข8/2ืกืง 4)0864) 2112 ื”ื–ื !ืกื™ื– ื–ื•4):0861 
29,,ืž2668460 ,12 ืœึท. 


ื•ื•ืื•ืื”ื”ืกืง ืืกืขื˜6ืกื–2ืง06 1826108ื•ืงืื–ื“ืก 4818ืงื“ื2 ืงืกื–ืืกื’ /082ืž2168260 
71 ื–ืกืกืกืกื 8 ,ื–ื1876.18ื–ื•ื™ 6 


-1266 ืื–ื ืกืกื˜ืขืขื–'ืก 1 8ืื ื–ืกื’) ืืืก60861 0103 060230826 2328 ื“ืกื” 400 

-011101116 ืฐืขืงืก?ืกืข 8 228466 ืกืข 1662 //:0060 6ื’ื ื•ื•ืกืขืงืกืžึผ?ืกื ืขืก โ€ ืืขื”ืกืขื— 
3 ืกืชืก -- 04ืื ืขืงืช 28 4200208 08060284 ื–ืขืกืื ืฅืงืช ื• 62080182 ื”ื•ื˜ 
2 8ื’ื•ื•ืฅืื›ื ื–ืžืช 5ื’ืฅื–ืกื โ€ ืืงืก8ื–ืืก ืกื–ืกืืขื”6ื! /328068284 ืืขื ืช/2ื˜ืขื—ืกื 
8ืข22ืข003 ืกื–ืกืืกืกื˜ืงืก8ื“ ืืืื˜ืกื“ืกืข 0ื46,008826 ,002160182 0086104000 
ื–ื802080ืกืืฅืง ื”ืกื— ืื—ื ื•ื ืฆื”ืข ,6602 8800084228800166 ืืกืกื ืืกืื—ื–ืขืื’ืฅืงื• 


. ืฅื–ื1113ืฅื–ืื–ืืกื’ --- ืขื–ืืกื’ืฆืขื”ืขืก ืฆืืกื”0861 ื ืชืขืฆืงื”ืืช 681064 
-ื–ื/ืกื– ืฐื–ืข460861 ืฅ ืื1ืก0ืข 8 ,00,610 6;ื–ื–ื–ืž78088ืกืกื•ื–ืชืกืงื— ,ื–ืžื•ืืกืกื•ื ื 
-ืžืขื’ืงืืฅ -- 3200208 ืืฐืืก60861 ืืฐืืก00210 ืืขืฅืžืช ื–ืข ืงืขื“ ืงืกืขื”. ืขื—ื–ืžืก ื›ื”ื”ื”ื” 


1106 ื–ืืกืฆื•ื ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ื”ืกื–ืกืก 3 . (1982 !10 ืœืช) ื”ื’ืืกืž2ื”ื”ืก ื— (1982 ,7 ืคื) ื”ื”ืืก 
-ืกืฆืง /1138626111ืกืงื— 2088 ื–ืืกื”ื”ืง ืก 41216268ื˜ ื–ืื—ืืกืื’34 ื•ืžื ื”ื”ื’4ืงื“ึธืืœ 
.ื–ืง ืฅ2 ืงืกื™ื™ืขื”. 0086108011 //80ืก 

{21208082 ื”ืขืชืง160 8008238ืง ืืก1ืฆืืขื”ืกืฆื— ื–ืชืชื”ืข 84 6768026ื— 8 
-ืขื–ืก ;1108008682 ื”ืืง3226 ,480ืกื6ืง2 ื’ืงื•ื•ืื–ื•ื’ื’ื”ื 082ืฆืชืž162 ื’ืงืกื–ืื 
-2 660/68 ,82ืกืงืฅืืกื˜ืขื ื”ืืขืกื–ื? ,0198082 ื”ื”ื—2ืืฐ!2 ื–ืžื”ืืขื’ 01807826ื 
. 2:/41212ื” ื”ืฅ )4 2 ื’02ืก0ื– ื–ืžืื›ึผืกืช 3ืข ื“ืืกืืชื’ืงืง) ื• 48ื—32/ืง 

ืฐื20084232ืง 80866026 ื 0128/0642ืชืกืงืช 8ืกืงืช 6806/0888 ื”2ืืกื–ืืกืง08ืกืก 
-128 2 ,(61112 ,ืกืชื’ืืขื–ื˜) 2ืกื—ื–ื•ืข ! 2106 ื–ืข (ืกืกื–ื•ืžื”ืขื) 2ืžืขืงืกืชืคื”ื’1 ื’ืงืกื 
88 41 (ื–ืžื–ื–ืžืกืžืงืกื˜) 2162 2022 82ื–ืืกืง 4201810 1116181104ื™ืก38 286 
.62ืงื–ืช 8 328062680 

-116013 ื–ื™ืขื–ื•ื’ืืขื”ืกืฅืช 24ื”1128ื˜ืฅืื’ ืกืืื ืขื 26826000808 8 328671026108 
6870 0 88122101460066 ื–ืžืื›ึผืกืช 3 008/264708) 07482ืกื 
.611200621162 ื’ื–ื•ื–ื–ืขืืงื’21 11606112 0372 

268 8000600ื 8,ื‚ 466:ืข1142 ื 488 ,ืงืกืช 168 ืก ืกื”ื•ืขืกืงืช ื–ืกื” 45 
;402 ืžืขืกืงืช 866ืž600 0088161111. ,ื–ืžืงืขืฅืฉื™ืžืฅื 680640800 1664 
-ืฐืฅื–ืกื–ืขื ืž16807 ื–ืžืฐ066272ื—42 2216ืžืงืฅื2 ื 22104 3104 ืก ื—ื‘ึฟื”ืคืก 8 .38ืกืงื–ืฅ 
2ืขืชืžื”0) 240116 8ื–ื“ืกื’ืฅื–ืื–ืืกื --- 02ืกืขื•ื•ืขื”ืกืขื— 2808000ื/28602 4684 
' .0820 1100/002 88028ื–ืืกืง ืกื–ืกืฆืคืขืกืกืกืงื–ืกืงื— โ€ 

ืกื ืฆืืงืฅื™'ืžืขืขืฅื 10ืฅ6826/08 ืกื–ืขื’ืืกื–ืืกืง08ืก 71 8760421708 ื”ื”ึผื 
-ืกืช (ื’ืชื—ืช) /6308080/ืข26 ื–ืขืกืขืง22, 3808612ืฅื ื—ืคื–ื’ื“ืก .66202 8 ืžืฆื‘ื”ืื  
-2200:8611ืฅืกืก 1 06808ื—ืข21218, 3226 8 ื—ื—ืกืกืช 68262408004 ืขื–ืงืกืื˜0ื 088100848 
16 , (0880ื—0ืก-611110ื–ื) 801, ื–ื•ืชืช ื•ืขื˜ืกื˜ื”ืกื—ืกืข 3 .ืขืขืกื–ืืงื’ื”ืขืฉ 4000 
ื–ื•ื”:ื’ื˜ืฅืžื‘ (ืกื•ื”ืžืชืกื“ืงืกืฉ) ืงืกื”ืกืงื–11 ื—ืฐื—ื”ื’ื•ื–ื’1! ื (16800) 702ืง2036866 ื”ื—ื”ื’ 
0ืžืชืก'ืงืกืข) ื— 102062 ื”ื”ื” 0602601288016 ,ื—ื—ืกืกืช 420028086 6ืฐ8ื680ืฐ68 


11-61 || 


ืชื•ึผื•ืื” ื•ื”ืคื– ?0088 
(022ืง 008676884)) 


/ื•ืžืžื˜ื•ื™ื”ืกืกื•ืืกืื ืฅืŸ 
ื”ื’ืงืงืื’ 6018618ื02ืขื-ืกื•ื•ืงืขื“ื”ืงืกื“ื•ืช 


116 66060106026 6 


600 216160ืกืื— 001034 ืฐ8ื–ืงืŸืก 
.ื– 1961 6 108ืก322ืข 


ื›ื˜ืชืกื“2ืกืขื— /400861088 180ืกื˜ืชืก3221ืข 


ืกืขื”8ืื–?88 2 ืงืกื6ื’ื’ืกืŸ ื”ื”ืืžื”ืชืŸ 
:44 ืข ?ืžื” ื” ืกืืช ื˜? 


,(1028ื2628 ืกืชืก28ืชื— -ืฐ38) 0ืก2ืช860 .ื 
ืฐ10220 .0 ,ืืก .1 

ื™2ืฆื’ืชืก4/ .4 ,ืกื˜ืงืขืฅื”. 1019 

;ืงืกื•ื˜ื”ืื–ืกื”ื”! .ื ,ืงืกืชื”ืื”ืช :8 

20ืฐ220ืง1ื˜ .11 ,ืงืกืื•ืชืชืกื—. .ื– 
(8ืง2618ื06 /018610786081) ืงืกื–ืกืขื–ื˜ :10 


:828;ืงืฅืื’ ืืืžืื”ืชืกืง 22060 
.17 ,1620882 .ื”ืฅ ,7ืง11681 ,88ืืกืกืŸื ,101000 


12 0 {) 6 ื” 16 


1 -- 8102ื22ืกืŸ 281124ื™ื– 
7 +-- ืžืง6682672 1861018611284ืก 


8ืฐืฐื22ืก2 88ืืกืกื ืขืฐืืก1 2 ื”2ืฐ1866ืกืกืื ืกืชืฆื 
4 2 ืช 24 ! .2 ,ื ื ืื” {ืกื˜1 .ืก 


4 2 ื ื–ื– 2 6 1 .8 ืงืกื–ืืกืงืงืก! 


874 ื 1102840280 .30.09.1982 4260 8 02880 
-ืกืช8ืื“ 878,204 7026108/4 87ื6007 1811.11982 
.ืฆืกื— .ื”ืกืข) ื”ืืค 113,298 .ื” /ืฆืก1ืŸ .| ืฉื 800888ืงื– 
.1561 .388 .ื—ืกื 80 11688 .0,125-+8,5 .ืช .ืืฆึทื.(15,8 .ืช 


ืฐ382868 0ืช278080 ืกื–ืกืคืกืชืขืงื–1 072688 
ืฆืขื”04:ืช80ืกืง 22ืืก411 7 ืฉื‚ ื”ืขืฉ 2ืงืชืกื”ืื– 050888ืืกืกื 
00 82ืืกืงื—2ืงื–ืขืช0ื—00109+ 
,018ืž328162, ืื’ืชืกืช ืกื— 6002 8ื–ืกื“ื”ืืก)ืŸ 
./1020087 8ืกื”ืื ืขื”ื ื ืืขืฉื”ืงื–ืขื”ืกื” 

.13 ,28028088 .ืงืกื” ,121019 ,88ืืกืกืŸ 


.ื– 1982 ,ื ืชื”ื”ืชืื”ืกื– ืฐืฐืื–60080 28 6 


ื—ืกื 80 ื”ืืฐืกืŸืŸ! 


20821 


44:2316/7 
ื”ื—ื•ื•ื”ืก? 


4 
6)ืืกื•ื• 8. 


ื‚ ืกืื•ืืกืงื ืฆืื˜ื”)! ื”ืื•ื•ืกืกืช | 


..;  -- .- -|  -.-.ื™.....,..,,,..,......---โ€Ž 


8ื–ืกื–ืืืก4! ืกื–ืกืฉื˜ื—ื”ืงื–ื•ืคื˜ 06080686 
ืกื–ืกื•ื•ืคืกืฆืงืกื ื”ืืฅื”ืื ึผืกืงื” ,0ืกื—ื 
-ื–ืฆืื•ื•ืื•ื! 8ื–ืก8ืก) ,0000 008678 
6ืกื6ืกื˜ืื–ืกืื•ื•ืฅืืืกื ื ?666 ืคืกืง 
-ืฅื”ืกืงืคื {ืืกื:ื–ืกืคืก+ ื ืืื–ืงืคื” 


.660 ืึธื ึผืฉื•ืกืก ืกื•ืื–ืกื”-60 ื 

-6086ื ืฅ ืฆืื–)ืก) ืึท ืื”ืกื–ื”ืกืื” ืคืืืกืกืฅ? 
-2ืŸ8/ .ื– ื•ื‘ื”ืืกืก8? .ื™ื”ื•ื•ื”ื”ืืืกื– ืฉืฉืื– 
-ื•ื•ืกื•ืืกึผืงืŸ? .8 ,88ืกื–ืฅื—ื˜ืชืกื– .8 ,6088 
-1168 .=) ืืฆืื–) ,ื”ืžืกืชืชืกืฉืกื” .8 ,0ื 
,98ืกื›ืŸืฅืืกื•ื•ื -} ,85682ื˜ืช 6 ื' ,0858 
-388ืฅืง58 .0 

-386626 ืกื›ืŸึผื 8 ื2ื– ืช ืฅ ืื”ืช ืคื .ื 
.{481146ื•ื•ืกืืก ,ื•ื•8ื•ืืกื›ืŸ) ืกื•ึผื• 

.468 ื™ื•ึนืช ,8ื•ื•ื•ื›ืŸืกื—ืคืชืึธื– .ื ืฉืื ึผื”ืืก86? 

.ืขื• ื ื ืงืŸ 8 ื•ื ืจ .ืืฆืื—ืกืืฅืง 6ื•ืืืกื”ืืื•ึผื– 
ื•ืฉื•ืื›ึผืกื— ื’ืกืื•ื•ืžืคืกืื”ืกืฅื—ืกืกื 3 
.ืฒืกืคึผื–ืก ืกื— 1186 

ืฐืฐื•ื–96ืก:0ื ื”ึทึผืชืคึฟืื ืŸืฅื; 6846ืื›ืŸืก0,4ืก 
ื™ืชืกื– 2 38 ืฐื—ื•ื”ืชืืกื– 

ืืืกืืกื”ืฉืชื–ื•ื•ื ื ื•ืืกืืกืกืฅืง ื”ื• 086ื•63? 
ืื” ืื•ืกื‘ึผืช 


1081 


8 2